arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts | 35 +++- arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi | 70 +++++++ arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi | 8 + drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig | 4 + drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig.riscv | 15 ++ drivers/cpufreq/Makefile | 3 + drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq-dt-platdev.c | 2 + drivers/cpufreq/spacemit-k1-cpufreq.c | 251 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 387 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
This series enables CPU frequency scaling for the SpacemiT K1 SoC.
K1 has two CPU cluster clocks but one shared CPU voltage rail. Add a
small K1-specific cpufreq driver so the two clocks and the shared OPP
transition can be handled together.
Tested on Banana Pi BPI-F3. The system boots with all eight CPUs online,
the K1 cpufreq driver registers one policy for CPUs 0-7, and both CPU
cluster clocks follow the selected cpufreq rate.
~ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/online
0-7
~ # ls /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq
policy0
~ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/affected_cpus
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
~ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_available_frequencies
614400 819000 1000000 1228800 1600000
With the userspace governor:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Frequency | scaling_cur | cpu_c0_core | cpu_c1_core | Real | User
(kHz) | (kHz) | (Hz) | (Hz) | (s) | (s)
-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------+----------
1,600,000 | 1,600,000 | 1600000000 | 1600000000 | 1.80s | 1.80s
1,228,800 | 1,228,800 | 1228800000 | 1228800000 | 2.33s | 2.33s
1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 1000000000 | 1000000000 | 2.88s | 2.87s
819,000 | 819,000 | 819200000 | 819200000 | 3.53s | 3.52s
614,400 | 614,400 | 614400000 | 614400000 | 4.72s | 4.72s
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Shuwei Wu <shuwei.wu@mailbox.org>
---
Changes in v3:
- Add a K1-specific cpufreq driver for the shared-rail, dual-clock topology
- Use one shared CPU OPP table and one cpufreq policy for all CPUs
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260410-shadow-deps-v2-0-4e16b8c0f60e@mailbox.org
Changes in v2:
- Move OPP tables to dedicated k1-opp.dtsi
- Enable OPP only on BPI-F3 with cpu-supply present
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260308-shadow-deps-v1-0-0ceb5c7c07eb@mailbox.org
---
Shuwei Wu (2):
cpufreq: spacemit: Add K1 cpufreq driver
riscv: dts: spacemit: Add cpu scaling for K1 SoC
arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts | 35 +++-
arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi | 70 +++++++
arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi | 8 +
drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig | 4 +
drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig.riscv | 15 ++
drivers/cpufreq/Makefile | 3 +
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq-dt-platdev.c | 2 +
drivers/cpufreq/spacemit-k1-cpufreq.c | 251 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
8 files changed, 387 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
---
base-commit: 5164e95565d3fd508ca8a95351323f5716dfb695
change-id: 20260307-shadow-deps-3582a78aa756
prerequisite-patch-id: 154bd4f720ce5065d58b988de8f273207b44572e
prerequisite-message-id: <20260206-spacemit-p1-v4-0-8f695d93811e@riscstar.com>
prerequisite-patch-id: 5da3e75b18291a5540d4f66d7a0600fb8975ef62
prerequisite-patch-id: bcf41917414ecef8cf743095d130f6004c32f6a5
prerequisite-patch-id: cfe3800f8c791ec4c63e070af9628e88e0fc31b9
prerequisite-message-id: <20260305-k1-clk-fix-v1-1-abca85d6e266@mailbox.org>
prerequisite-patch-id: 7c7fb9f87dba019ece4c97c45750349a7cd28f3a
Best regards,
--
Shuwei Wu <shuwei.wu@mailbox.org>
On 6/12/2026 5:51 PM, Shuwei Wu wrote: > This series enables CPU frequency scaling for the SpacemiT K1 SoC. > > K1 has two CPU cluster clocks but one shared CPU voltage rail. Add a > small K1-specific cpufreq driver so the two clocks and the shared OPP > transition can be handled together. > > Tested on Banana Pi BPI-F3. The system boots with all eight CPUs online, > the K1 cpufreq driver registers one policy for CPUs 0-7, and both CPU > cluster clocks follow the selected cpufreq rate. > > ~ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/online > 0-7 > > ~ # ls /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq > policy0 > > ~ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/affected_cpus > 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > > ~ # cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_available_frequencies > 614400 819000 1000000 1228800 1600000 > > With the userspace governor: > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- > Frequency | scaling_cur | cpu_c0_core | cpu_c1_core | Real | User > (kHz) | (kHz) | (Hz) | (Hz) | (s) | (s) > -------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------+---------- > 1,600,000 | 1,600,000 | 1600000000 | 1600000000 | 1.80s | 1.80s > 1,228,800 | 1,228,800 | 1228800000 | 1228800000 | 2.33s | 2.33s > 1,000,000 | 1,000,000 | 1000000000 | 1000000000 | 2.88s | 2.87s > 819,000 | 819,000 | 819200000 | 819200000 | 3.53s | 3.52s > 614,400 | 614,400 | 614400000 | 614400000 | 4.72s | 4.72s > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Signed-off-by: Shuwei Wu <shuwei.wu@mailbox.org> > --- > Changes in v3: > - Add a K1-specific cpufreq driver for the shared-rail, dual-clock topology > - Use one shared CPU OPP table and one cpufreq policy for all CPUs > - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260410-shadow-deps-v2-0-4e16b8c0f60e@mailbox.org > > Changes in v2: > - Move OPP tables to dedicated k1-opp.dtsi > - Enable OPP only on BPI-F3 with cpu-supply present > - Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260308-shadow-deps-v1-0-0ceb5c7c07eb@mailbox.org > > --- > Shuwei Wu (2): > cpufreq: spacemit: Add K1 cpufreq driver > riscv: dts: spacemit: Add cpu scaling for K1 SoC > > arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-bananapi-f3.dts | 35 +++- > arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-opp.dtsi | 70 +++++++ > arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1.dtsi | 8 + > drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig | 4 + > drivers/cpufreq/Kconfig.riscv | 15 ++ > drivers/cpufreq/Makefile | 3 + > drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq-dt-platdev.c | 2 + > drivers/cpufreq/spacemit-k1-cpufreq.c | 251 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ > 8 files changed, 387 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > --- > base-commit: 5164e95565d3fd508ca8a95351323f5716dfb695 > change-id: 20260307-shadow-deps-3582a78aa756 > prerequisite-patch-id: 154bd4f720ce5065d58b988de8f273207b44572e > prerequisite-message-id: <20260206-spacemit-p1-v4-0-8f695d93811e@riscstar.com> > prerequisite-patch-id: 5da3e75b18291a5540d4f66d7a0600fb8975ef62 > prerequisite-patch-id: bcf41917414ecef8cf743095d130f6004c32f6a5 > prerequisite-patch-id: cfe3800f8c791ec4c63e070af9628e88e0fc31b9 > prerequisite-message-id: <20260305-k1-clk-fix-v1-1-abca85d6e266@mailbox.org> > prerequisite-patch-id: 7c7fb9f87dba019ece4c97c45750349a7cd28f3a > > Best regards, Hi Shuwei and Vincent, I have tested this series on the OrangePi RV2 board (4GB) on top of linux-next (next-20260619), with the v3 cpufreq series and Vincent's patch "k1-orangepi-rv2: Add cpu scaling" applied. The driver works as expected: all 8 CPUs are online and share a single policy (policy0). Writing to /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed correctly changes the frequency for all cores simultaneously, and all scaling_setspeed files show the same value. The frequency transitions are smooth, and performance (tested with a simple awk loop, following Vincent's approach) scales linearly with the set frequency. Both of you can add my tag: Tested-by: Gong Shuai <gsh517025@gmail.com> # OrangePi-RV2 If you send a new version, I'm also willing to test it again. Thanks for the work. Regards, Shuai
On 12-06-26, 17:51, Shuwei Wu wrote: > Changes in v3: > - Add a K1-specific cpufreq driver for the shared-rail, dual-clock topology Why ? > - Use one shared CPU OPP table and one cpufreq policy for all CPUs > - Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260410-shadow-deps-v2-0-4e16b8c0f60e@mailbox.org -- viresh
[RESEND] as I cannot see yesterday's
Hello,
I tested (on OrangePi RV2) the attached patch applied over
spacemit/for-next + Shuwei Wu's V3 series.
This is a copy/paste of Shuwei Wu's work, so I don't know
if I can submit this with my SoB or if it should be done
differently, please advise.
Anyways, you can add my:
Tested-by: Vincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com> # OrangePi-RV2
To the relevant patches from your series, if that's useful,
because it looks like it is working properly:
On Void linux (musl libc):
uname -a
Linux opirv2 7.1.0-rc1-00043-gb860bca13be4 #14 SMP PREEMPT Sat Jun 13
11:02:13 CEST 2026 riscv64 GNU/Linux
awk --version | head -1
GNU Awk 5.3.2, API 4.0
echo userspace > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_governor
echo 1600000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
real 0m0.300s
user 0m0.299s
sys 0m0.001s
echo 1228800 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
real 0m0.432s
user 0m0.429s
sys 0m0.004s
echo 1000000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
real 0m0.476s
user 0m0.476s
sys 0m0.001s
echo 819000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
real 0m0.582s
user 0m0.581s
sys 0m0.001s
echo 614400 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
real 0m0.778s
user 0m0.773s
sys 0m0.005s
--
Vincent Legoll
Hi Vincent,
Please send the patch directly instead of attached file, it's more
easy for people to review and apply, suggest to use b4, or
"git send-email" (old way)
On 08:50 Sun 14 Jun , Vincent Legoll wrote:
> [RESEND] as I cannot see yesterday's
>
>
> Hello,
>
>
>
> I tested (on OrangePi RV2) the attached patch applied over
>
> spacemit/for-next + Shuwei Wu's V3 series.
>
>
> This is a copy/paste of Shuwei Wu's work, so I don't know
>
> if I can submit this with my SoB or if it should be done
>
It's ok to add your SoB while adding support for new board
> differently, please advise.
>
>
> Anyways, you can add my:
>
> Tested-by: Vincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com> # OrangePi-RV2
>
>
> To the relevant patches from your series, if that's useful,
>
> because it looks like it is working properly:
>
>
> On Void linux (musl libc):
>
>
> uname -a
> Linux opirv2 7.1.0-rc1-00043-gb860bca13be4 #14 SMP PREEMPT Sat Jun 13
> 11:02:13 CEST 2026 riscv64 GNU/Linux
>
> awk --version | head -1
> GNU Awk 5.3.2, API 4.0
>
> echo userspace > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/policy0/scaling_governor
>
> echo 1600000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
> time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
> real 0m0.300s
> user 0m0.299s
> sys 0m0.001s
>
> echo 1228800 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
> time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
> real 0m0.432s
> user 0m0.429s
> sys 0m0.004s
>
> echo 1000000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
> time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
> real 0m0.476s
> user 0m0.476s
> sys 0m0.001s
>
> echo 819000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
> time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
> real 0m0.582s
> user 0m0.581s
> sys 0m0.001s
>
> echo 614400 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed
> time awk 'BEGIN{for(i=0;i<1000000;i++){}}'
> real 0m0.778s
> user 0m0.773s
> sys 0m0.005s
>
> --
>
> Vincent Legoll
>
> From 9924789655ae5f4f98e7a5cdc3df3f34e7bfb659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
> From: Vincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com>
> Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2026 10:49:34 +0200
> Subject: [PATCH] riscv: dts: spacemit: orangepi-rv2: Add cpu scaling for K1
> SoC
>
> Enable CPU DVFS on OrangePi RV2
>
..
> This is a copy/paste from Shuwei Wu's BPI-F3 DTS modifications
>
It's quite common that people do copy/paste for additional board
support, no need to mention it in commit message which I think it
isn't really useful
> Signed-off-by: Vincent Legoll <vincent.legoll@gmail.com>
> ---
> .../boot/dts/spacemit/k1-orangepi-rv2.dts | 35 ++++++++++++++++++-
> 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-orangepi-rv2.dts b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-orangepi-rv2.dts
> index 7c49bce427f3..62d25f579af6 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-orangepi-rv2.dts
> +++ b/arch/riscv/boot/dts/spacemit/k1-orangepi-rv2.dts
> @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
>
> #include "k1.dtsi"
> #include "k1-pinctrl.dtsi"
> +#include "k1-opp.dtsi"
keep alphabet sorted
>
> / {
> model = "OrangePi RV2";
> @@ -80,6 +81,38 @@ &combo_phy {
> status = "okay";
> };
>
> +&cpu_0 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_1 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_2 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_3 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_4 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_5 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_6 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> +&cpu_7 {
> + cpu-supply = <&buck1_0v9>;
> +};
> +
> &emmc {
> bus-width = <8>;
> mmc-hs400-1_8v;
> @@ -162,7 +195,7 @@ pmic@41 {
> dldoin2-supply = <&buck5>;
>
> regulators {
> - buck1 {
> + buck1_0v9: buck1 {
> regulator-min-microvolt = <500000>;
> regulator-max-microvolt = <3450000>;
> regulator-ramp-delay = <5000>;
> --
> 2.54.0
>
--
Yixun Lan (dlan)
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