There is a probability that the host machine will also restart
when the virtual machine is restarting.

Commit ad362fe07fec ("KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF
in LPI translation cache") released the reference count of an IRQ
when it shouldn't have. This led to a situation where, when the
system finally released the IRQ, it found that the structure had
already been freed, triggering a
'refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free' error.

In fact, the function "vgic_put_irq" should be called by
"vgic_its_inject_cached_translation" instead of
"vgic_its_trigger_msi".

Call trace:
  its_free_ite+0x90/0xa0
  vgic_its_free_device+0x3c/0xa0
  vgic_its_destroy+0x4c/0xb8
  kvm_put_kvm+0x214/0x358
  kvm_vcpu_release+0x24/0x38
  __fput+0x84/0x278
  ____fput+0x20/0x30
  task_work_run+0xcc/0x190
  do_exit+0x36c/0xa88
  do_group_exit+0x4c/0xb8
  __arm64_sys_exit_group+0x24/0x28
  invoke_syscall+0x54/0x120
  el0_svc_common.constprop.4+0x16c/0x1f0
  do_el0_svc+0x34/0xb0
  el0_svc+0x1c/0x28
  el0_sync_handler+0x8c/0xb0
  el0_sync+0x148/0x180

Fixes: ad362fe07fec ("KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF in LPI translation cache")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Wenyao Hai <haiwenyao@uniontech.com>
Signed-off-by: WangYuli <wangyuli@uniontech.com>
---
 arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c
index ba945ba78cc7..fb5f57cbab42 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c
+++ b/arch/arm64/kvm/vgic/vgic-its.c
@@ -679,6 +679,7 @@ static int vgic_its_trigger_msi(struct kvm *kvm, struct vgic_its *its,
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&irq->irq_lock, flags);
 	irq->pending_latch = true;
 	vgic_queue_irq_unlock(kvm, irq, flags);
+	vgic_put_irq(kvm, irq);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -697,7 +698,6 @@ int vgic_its_inject_cached_translation(struct kvm *kvm, struct kvm_msi *msi)
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&irq->irq_lock, flags);
 	irq->pending_latch = true;
 	vgic_queue_irq_unlock(kvm, irq, flags);
-	vgic_put_irq(kvm, irq);
 
 	return 0;
 }
-- 
2.45.2

Hi,

On Thu, Oct 17, 2024 at 02:13:34PM +0800, WangYuli wrote:
> There is a probability that the host machine will also restart
> when the virtual machine is restarting.

This is a start, but can you please describe in detail what the flow is
you're seeing that leads to the refcount bug / UAF?

> Commit ad362fe07fec ("KVM: arm64: vgic-its: Avoid potential UAF
> in LPI translation cache") released the reference count of an IRQ
> when it shouldn't have. This led to a situation where, when the
> system finally released the IRQ, it found that the structure had
> already been freed, triggering a
> 'refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free' error.
> 
> In fact, the function "vgic_put_irq" should be called by
> "vgic_its_inject_cached_translation" instead of
> "vgic_its_trigger_msi".

This line doesn't match your patch, and instead aligns with the upstream
behavior.

The put in vgic_its_inject_cached_translation() pairs with the get in
vgic_its_check_cache(). We need to do this because the LPI injection
fast path happens outside of the its_lock.

The slow path for LPI injection takes the its_lock and is safe because
the ITE holds a reference on the descriptor as well. Because of that,
vgic_its_trigger_msi() doesn't touch the refcount on the resolved IRQ.

So I'm not following how any of this leads to the underflow you observe.
Even if the put in vgic_its_inject_cached_translation() causes the
refcount to drop to 0, it is likely that an unbalanced put happened
somewhere else in the ITS emulation.

-- 
Thanks,
Oliver