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***

Subject: Re: WARNING: refcount bug in trace_suspend_resume (2)
Author: khiemtranzo532001@gmail.com

#syz test: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb.git usb-next

From dc76c5bf35d3e11a56c1402294d11297165fec21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nguyen Quang Le Kien <khiemtranzo532001@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2026 12:46:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] usb: gadget: fix refcount race in gadget_dev_open()

gadget_dev_open() accesses dev->lock and calls get_dev() without
holding sb_mutex, which is held by gadgetfs_kill_sb() when it calls
put_dev(the_device) and frees the device.  This creates a race where
open() reads dev->lock after kill_sb() has already freed the dev_data
object, resulting in a refcount underflow and use-after-free.

Fix by wrapping gadget_dev_open() with scoped_guard(mutex, &sb_mutex)
to serialise against gadgetfs_kill_sb(), and check the_device inside
the guard before dereferencing dev.

Reported-by: syzbot+8496ab5e117502750445@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=8496ab5e117502750445
Signed-off-by: Nguyen Quang Le Kien <khiemtranzo532001@gmail.com>
---
 drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c | 20 ++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c b/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c
index d87a8ab51..719ea5c18 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/gadget/legacy/inode.c
@@ -1916,15 +1916,19 @@ gadget_dev_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *fd)
 	struct dev_data		*dev = inode->i_private;
 	int			value = -EBUSY;
 
-	spin_lock_irq(&dev->lock);
-	if (dev->state == STATE_DEV_DISABLED) {
-		dev->ev_next = 0;
-		dev->state = STATE_DEV_OPENED;
-		fd->private_data = dev;
-		get_dev (dev);
-		value = 0;
+	scoped_guard(mutex, &sb_mutex) {
+		if (!the_device)
+			return -ENODEV;
+		spin_lock_irq(&dev->lock);
+		if (dev->state == STATE_DEV_DISABLED) {
+			dev->ev_next = 0;
+			dev->state = STATE_DEV_OPENED;
+			fd->private_data = dev;
+			get_dev (dev);
+			value = 0;
+		}
+		spin_unlock_irq(&dev->lock);
 	}
-	spin_unlock_irq(&dev->lock);
 	return value;
 }
 
-- 
2.34.1