In tests with multiple concurrent waiters on edge-triggered epoll
instances where an emitter writes to multiple sockets (epoll16,
epoll56, epoll58):

When the emitter performs its first write(), ep_poll_callback() fires
and wakes up both waiters because one waiter uses epoll_wait() and the
other one uses poll(). This translates to different wait queues,
ep->wq for epoll and ep->poll_wait for poll/select, which are both
awoken by the kernel because of that single write. Next, both waiter
threads invoke epoll_wait(), but since there is only one event, only
one epoll_wait() will return non-zero because of the edge-triggered
mode being used (in level-triggered mode, the kernel would re-queue
the event because of remaining unread data).

Since the second waiter sees an empty ready list, it does not
increment ctx.count and the test fails spuriously with ctx.count == 1
instead of 2.

  Emitter (CPU 0)      Thread 0 (CPU 1)        Thread 1 (CPU 2)
  ===============      ================        ================
                       epoll_wait(e0, -1)      poll(e0, -1)
                       [on e0->wq]             [on e0->poll_wait]

  write(sfd[1])
       |
       +--(Kernel wakes BOTH e0->wq and e0->poll_wait via callback)--+
       |                                                             |
       |               wakes up                wakes up              |
       |               epoll_wait() reaps e1   poll() returns 1      |
       |               (e1 removed via ET)     (wants event)         |
       |               e0->rdllist is EMPTY          |               |
       |               count++ (count = 1)           v               |
       |                                       epoll_wait(e0, 0)     |
       |                                       sees EMPTY list!      |
       |                                       returns 0!            |
       |                                       thread exits          |
       v                                                             |
  write(sfd[3])                                                      |
  (event arrives too late!)                                          v
                           EXPECT_EQ(count, 2)  <-- SPURIOUS FAILURE!

Introduce waiter_entry1ap_loop() to retry poll() if the initial
epoll_wait(..., 0) yielded no events. This ensures the thread waits for
the subsequent write rather than failing immediately. Apply this helper in
epoll16, epoll56, and for both waiter threads in epoll58.

Fixes: f2728fe80cef ("selftests: add epoll selftests")
Signed-off-by: Florian Schmaus <florian.schmaus@codasip.com>
---
Changes in v2:
- do not modify level-triggered epoll15 as it is not affected by the race 
- Link to v1: https://patch.msgid.link/20260828-selftest-epoll-fix-race-v1-1-977018ee6099@codasip.com

To: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
To: Heiher <r@hev.cc>
To: Roman Penyaev <rpenyaev@suse.de>
To: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
---
 .../filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c          | 32 +++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c
index 81a994943e12..b4dcbcd79773 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c
@@ -74,6 +74,24 @@ static void *waiter_entry1ap(void *data)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+static void *waiter_entry1ap_loop(void *data)
+{
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx->efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	while (poll(&pfd, 1, 2000) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], &e, 1, 0) > 0) {
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx->count, 1);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 static void *waiter_entry1o(void *data)
 {
 	struct epoll_event e;
@@ -809,7 +827,7 @@ TEST(epoll16)
 	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], events), 0);
 
 	ctx.main = pthread_self();
-	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap_loop, &ctx), 0);
 	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
 
 	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], events, 1, -1) > 0)
@@ -2925,7 +2943,7 @@ TEST(epoll56)
 	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
 
 	ctx.main = pthread_self();
-	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap_loop, &ctx), 0);
 	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
 
 	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
@@ -3030,7 +3048,6 @@ TEST(epoll57)
 TEST(epoll58)
 {
 	pthread_t emitter;
-	struct pollfd pfd;
 	struct epoll_event e;
 	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
 
@@ -3061,15 +3078,10 @@ TEST(epoll58)
 	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
 
 	ctx.main = pthread_self();
-	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap_loop, &ctx), 0);
 	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
 
-	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[0];
-	pfd.events = POLLIN;
-	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
-		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
-			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
-	}
+	waiter_entry1ap_loop(&ctx);
 
 	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
 	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);

---
base-commit: 1b78070aaef63512688aebfbc82365ef9d6660f1
change-id: 20260828-selftest-epoll-fix-race-6f5fbe3c22e7

Best regards,
--  
Florian Schmaus <florian.schmaus@codasip.com>