command_status is accessed by multiple contexts:
 - generic_done() and do_wakeup() write it from the floppy
   workqueue context.
 - wait_til_done() reads it in wait_event conditions without
   holding fdc_busy.
 - is_alive() reads it locklessly to check driver liveness.
 - floppy_queue_rq(), lock_fdc(), and unlock_fdc() write it
   during FDC ownership transitions.

There is currently no LKMM annotation for these concurrent accesses
since command_status relies on the deprecated volatile qualifier.
Remove volatile and use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() on every access
to command_status to provide proper LKMM data-race annotations.

Also annotate floppy_work_fn with WRITE_ONCE() in schedule_bh()
and READ_ONCE() in floppy_work_workfn(), and current_type[drive]
with READ_ONCE() in drive_no_geom() where it can be read without
holding the FDC lock.

The races were found by our tools:

 1) command_status: generic_done (write) vs wait_til_done (read)

  ============ DATARACE ============
  Function: generic_done+0x54/0xa0 drivers/block/floppy.c:985
  Function: success_and_wakeup+0xeb/0x1e0 drivers/block/floppy.c:2046
  Function: setup_rw_floppy+0x15dc/0x1d80 drivers/block/floppy.c:1046
  Function: floppy_ready+0x2630/0x4000
  Function: floppy_work_workfn+0x56/0x70 drivers/block/floppy.c:1012
  Function: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
  Function: process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
  ============OTHER_INFO============
  Function: wait_til_done+0x134/0x740 drivers/block/floppy.c:2026
  Function: poll_drive+0x1fa/0x2a0
  Function: fd_ioctl+0x13c8/0x1da0 drivers/block/floppy.c:3873
  Function: blkdev_ioctl+0x421/0x510 block/ioctl.c:705
  Function: vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
  Function: __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]
  Function: __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584
  =================END==============

 2) current_type[drive]: drive_no_geom (read) vs set_geometry (write)

  ============ DATARACE ============
  Function: drive_no_geom drivers/block/floppy.c:606 [inline]
  Function: floppy_check_events+0x9c9/0xcf0 drivers/block/floppy.c:4187
  Function: disk_check_events+0xca/0x4d0 block/disk-events.c:193
  Function: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
  Function: process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
  Function: worker_thread+0xb97/0x11d0 kernel/workqueue.c:3400
  Function: kthread+0x3d4/0x800 kernel/kthread.c:463
  ============OTHER_INFO============
  Function: set_geometry+0xe1d/0x1980 drivers/block/floppy.c:2237
  Function: fd_ioctl+0xff4/0x1da0 drivers/block/floppy.c:3912
  Function: blkdev_ioctl+0x421/0x510 block/ioctl.c:705
  Function: vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
  Function: __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]
  Function: __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584
  =================END==============

 3) floppy_work_fn: schedule_bh (write) vs
    floppy_interrupt->schedule_bh (write)

  ============ DATARACE ============
  Function: schedule_bh drivers/block/floppy.c:1005 [inline]
  Function: do_wakeup+0x19c/0x220 drivers/block/floppy.c:3219
  Function: success_and_wakeup+0x192/0x1e0 drivers/block/floppy.c:1994
  Function: setup_rw_floppy+0x15dc/0x1d80 drivers/block/floppy.c:1046
  Function: floppy_ready+0x2630/0x4000
  Function: floppy_work_workfn+0x56/0x70 drivers/block/floppy.c:1012
  Function: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
  Function: process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
  ============OTHER_INFO============
  Function: floppy_interrupt+0xbf4/0x1220
  Function: floppy_hardint+0x432/0x630
  Function: __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x10a/0x5d0 kernel/irq/handle.c:158
  Function: handle_irq_event+0x8b/0x1e0 kernel/irq/handle.c:210
  Function: handle_edge_irq+0x223/0x9f0 kernel/irq/chip.c:855
  =================END==============

Signed-off-by: Cen Zhang <zzzccc427@gmail.com>
---
 drivers/block/floppy.c | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/block/floppy.c b/drivers/block/floppy.c
index 92e446a64371..cf8246e7155e 100644
--- a/drivers/block/floppy.c
+++ b/drivers/block/floppy.c
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ static int probing;
 #define FD_COMMAND_ERROR	2
 #define FD_COMMAND_OKAY		3
 
-static volatile int command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
+static int command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
 static unsigned long fdc_busy;
 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(fdc_wait);
 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(command_done);
@@ -601,7 +601,8 @@ static inline void fdc_outb(unsigned char value, int fdc, int reg)
 
 static inline bool drive_no_geom(int drive)
 {
-	return !current_type[drive] && !ITYPE(drive_state[drive].fd_device);
+	return !READ_ONCE(current_type[drive]) &&
+	       !ITYPE(drive_state[drive].fd_device);
 }
 
 #ifndef fd_eject
@@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ static const char *timeout_message;
 static void is_alive(const char *func, const char *message)
 {
 	/* this routine checks whether the floppy driver is "alive" */
-	if (test_bit(0, &fdc_busy) && command_status < 2 &&
+	if (test_bit(0, &fdc_busy) && READ_ONCE(command_status) < 2 &&
 	    !delayed_work_pending(&fd_timeout)) {
 		DPRINT("%s: timeout handler died.  %s\n", func, message);
 	}
@@ -892,7 +893,7 @@ static int lock_fdc(int drive)
 	if (wait_event_interruptible(fdc_wait, !test_and_set_bit(0, &fdc_busy)))
 		return -EINTR;
 
-	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
+	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
 
 	reschedule_timeout(drive, "lock fdc");
 	set_fdc(drive);
@@ -906,7 +907,7 @@ static void unlock_fdc(void)
 		DPRINT("FDC access conflict!\n");
 
 	raw_cmd = NULL;
-	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
+	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
 	cancel_delayed_work(&fd_timeout);
 	do_floppy = NULL;
 	cont = NULL;
@@ -990,7 +991,9 @@ static void (*floppy_work_fn)(void);
 
 static void floppy_work_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	floppy_work_fn();
+	void (*fn)(void) = READ_ONCE(floppy_work_fn);
+
+	fn();
 }
 
 static DECLARE_WORK(floppy_work, floppy_work_workfn);
@@ -999,7 +1002,7 @@ static void schedule_bh(void (*handler)(void))
 {
 	WARN_ON(work_pending(&floppy_work));
 
-	floppy_work_fn = handler;
+	WRITE_ONCE(floppy_work_fn, handler);
 	queue_work(floppy_wq, &floppy_work);
 }
 
@@ -1864,7 +1867,7 @@ static void show_floppy(int fdc)
 
 	pr_info("cont=%p\n", cont);
 	pr_info("current_req=%p\n", current_req);
-	pr_info("command_status=%d\n", command_status);
+	pr_info("command_status=%d\n", READ_ONCE(command_status));
 	pr_info("\n");
 }
 
@@ -1991,7 +1994,7 @@ static void do_wakeup(void)
 {
 	reschedule_timeout(MAXTIMEOUT, "do wakeup");
 	cont = NULL;
-	command_status += 2;
+	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, READ_ONCE(command_status) + 2);
 	wake_up(&command_done);
 }
 
@@ -2019,11 +2022,12 @@ static int wait_til_done(void (*handler)(void), bool interruptible)
 	schedule_bh(handler);
 
 	if (interruptible)
-		wait_event_interruptible(command_done, command_status >= 2);
+		wait_event_interruptible(command_done,
+					 READ_ONCE(command_status) >= 2);
 	else
-		wait_event(command_done, command_status >= 2);
+		wait_event(command_done, READ_ONCE(command_status) >= 2);
 
-	if (command_status < 2) {
+	if (READ_ONCE(command_status) < 2) {
 		cancel_activity();
 		cont = &intr_cont;
 		reset_fdc();
@@ -2031,18 +2035,18 @@ static int wait_til_done(void (*handler)(void), bool interruptible)
 	}
 
 	if (fdc_state[current_fdc].reset)
-		command_status = FD_COMMAND_ERROR;
-	if (command_status == FD_COMMAND_OKAY)
+		WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_ERROR);
+	if (READ_ONCE(command_status) == FD_COMMAND_OKAY)
 		ret = 0;
 	else
 		ret = -EIO;
-	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
+	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
 	return ret;
 }
 
 static void generic_done(int result)
 {
-	command_status = result;
+	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, result);
 	cont = &wakeup_cont;
 }
 
@@ -2873,7 +2877,7 @@ static blk_status_t floppy_queue_rq(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
 	list_add_tail(&bd->rq->queuelist, &floppy_reqs);
 	spin_unlock_irq(&floppy_lock);
 
-	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
+	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
 	__reschedule_timeout(MAXTIMEOUT, "fd_request");
 	set_fdc(0);
 	process_fd_request();
-- 
2.34.1

On 18/03/2026 07:48, Cen Zhang wrote:
> command_status is accessed by multiple contexts:
>  - generic_done() and do_wakeup() write it from the floppy
>    workqueue context.
>  - wait_til_done() reads it in wait_event conditions without
>    holding fdc_busy.
>  - is_alive() reads it locklessly to check driver liveness.
>  - floppy_queue_rq(), lock_fdc(), and unlock_fdc() write it
>    during FDC ownership transitions.
> 
> There is currently no LKMM annotation for these concurrent accesses
> since command_status relies on the deprecated volatile qualifier.
> Remove volatile and use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() on every access
> to command_status to provide proper LKMM data-race annotations.
> 
> Also annotate floppy_work_fn with WRITE_ONCE() in schedule_bh()
> and READ_ONCE() in floppy_work_workfn(), and current_type[drive]
> with READ_ONCE() in drive_no_geom() where it can be read without
> holding the FDC lock.
> 
> The races were found by our tools:
> 
>  1) command_status: generic_done (write) vs wait_til_done (read)
> 
>   ============ DATARACE ============
>   Function: generic_done+0x54/0xa0 drivers/block/floppy.c:985
>   Function: success_and_wakeup+0xeb/0x1e0 drivers/block/floppy.c:2046
>   Function: setup_rw_floppy+0x15dc/0x1d80 drivers/block/floppy.c:1046
>   Function: floppy_ready+0x2630/0x4000
>   Function: floppy_work_workfn+0x56/0x70 drivers/block/floppy.c:1012
>   Function: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
>   Function: process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
>   ============OTHER_INFO============
>   Function: wait_til_done+0x134/0x740 drivers/block/floppy.c:2026
>   Function: poll_drive+0x1fa/0x2a0
>   Function: fd_ioctl+0x13c8/0x1da0 drivers/block/floppy.c:3873
>   Function: blkdev_ioctl+0x421/0x510 block/ioctl.c:705
>   Function: vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
>   Function: __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]
>   Function: __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584
>   =================END==============
> 
>  2) current_type[drive]: drive_no_geom (read) vs set_geometry (write)
> 
>   ============ DATARACE ============
>   Function: drive_no_geom drivers/block/floppy.c:606 [inline]
>   Function: floppy_check_events+0x9c9/0xcf0 drivers/block/floppy.c:4187
>   Function: disk_check_events+0xca/0x4d0 block/disk-events.c:193
>   Function: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
>   Function: process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
>   Function: worker_thread+0xb97/0x11d0 kernel/workqueue.c:3400
>   Function: kthread+0x3d4/0x800 kernel/kthread.c:463
>   ============OTHER_INFO============
>   Function: set_geometry+0xe1d/0x1980 drivers/block/floppy.c:2237
>   Function: fd_ioctl+0xff4/0x1da0 drivers/block/floppy.c:3912
>   Function: blkdev_ioctl+0x421/0x510 block/ioctl.c:705
>   Function: vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]
>   Function: __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:598 [inline]
>   Function: __se_sys_ioctl+0xfc/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:584
>   =================END==============
> 
>  3) floppy_work_fn: schedule_bh (write) vs
>     floppy_interrupt->schedule_bh (write)
> 
>   ============ DATARACE ============
>   Function: schedule_bh drivers/block/floppy.c:1005 [inline]
>   Function: do_wakeup+0x19c/0x220 drivers/block/floppy.c:3219
>   Function: success_and_wakeup+0x192/0x1e0 drivers/block/floppy.c:1994
>   Function: setup_rw_floppy+0x15dc/0x1d80 drivers/block/floppy.c:1046
>   Function: floppy_ready+0x2630/0x4000
>   Function: floppy_work_workfn+0x56/0x70 drivers/block/floppy.c:1012
>   Function: process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3236 [inline]
>   Function: process_scheduled_works+0x7a8/0x1030 kernel/workqueue.c:3319
>   ============OTHER_INFO============
>   Function: floppy_interrupt+0xbf4/0x1220
>   Function: floppy_hardint+0x432/0x630
>   Function: __handle_irq_event_percpu+0x10a/0x5d0 kernel/irq/handle.c:158
>   Function: handle_irq_event+0x8b/0x1e0 kernel/irq/handle.c:210
>   Function: handle_edge_irq+0x223/0x9f0 kernel/irq/chip.c:855
>   =================END==============
> 
> Signed-off-by: Cen Zhang <zzzccc427@gmail.com>

Reviewed-by: Denis Efremov <efremov@linux.com>

> ---
>  drivers/block/floppy.c | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
>  1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/block/floppy.c b/drivers/block/floppy.c
> index 92e446a64371..cf8246e7155e 100644
> --- a/drivers/block/floppy.c
> +++ b/drivers/block/floppy.c
> @@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ static int probing;
>  #define FD_COMMAND_ERROR	2
>  #define FD_COMMAND_OKAY		3
>  
> -static volatile int command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
> +static int command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
>  static unsigned long fdc_busy;
>  static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(fdc_wait);
>  static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(command_done);
> @@ -601,7 +601,8 @@ static inline void fdc_outb(unsigned char value, int fdc, int reg)
>  
>  static inline bool drive_no_geom(int drive)
>  {
> -	return !current_type[drive] && !ITYPE(drive_state[drive].fd_device);
> +	return !READ_ONCE(current_type[drive]) &&
> +	       !ITYPE(drive_state[drive].fd_device);
>  }
>  
>  #ifndef fd_eject
> @@ -640,7 +641,7 @@ static const char *timeout_message;
>  static void is_alive(const char *func, const char *message)
>  {
>  	/* this routine checks whether the floppy driver is "alive" */
> -	if (test_bit(0, &fdc_busy) && command_status < 2 &&
> +	if (test_bit(0, &fdc_busy) && READ_ONCE(command_status) < 2 &&
>  	    !delayed_work_pending(&fd_timeout)) {
>  		DPRINT("%s: timeout handler died.  %s\n", func, message);
>  	}
> @@ -892,7 +893,7 @@ static int lock_fdc(int drive)
>  	if (wait_event_interruptible(fdc_wait, !test_and_set_bit(0, &fdc_busy)))
>  		return -EINTR;
>  
> -	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
>  
>  	reschedule_timeout(drive, "lock fdc");
>  	set_fdc(drive);
> @@ -906,7 +907,7 @@ static void unlock_fdc(void)
>  		DPRINT("FDC access conflict!\n");
>  
>  	raw_cmd = NULL;
> -	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
>  	cancel_delayed_work(&fd_timeout);
>  	do_floppy = NULL;
>  	cont = NULL;
> @@ -990,7 +991,9 @@ static void (*floppy_work_fn)(void);
>  
>  static void floppy_work_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
>  {
> -	floppy_work_fn();
> +	void (*fn)(void) = READ_ONCE(floppy_work_fn);
> +
> +	fn();
>  }
>  
>  static DECLARE_WORK(floppy_work, floppy_work_workfn);
> @@ -999,7 +1002,7 @@ static void schedule_bh(void (*handler)(void))
>  {
>  	WARN_ON(work_pending(&floppy_work));
>  
> -	floppy_work_fn = handler;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(floppy_work_fn, handler);
>  	queue_work(floppy_wq, &floppy_work);
>  }
>  
> @@ -1864,7 +1867,7 @@ static void show_floppy(int fdc)
>  
>  	pr_info("cont=%p\n", cont);
>  	pr_info("current_req=%p\n", current_req);
> -	pr_info("command_status=%d\n", command_status);
> +	pr_info("command_status=%d\n", READ_ONCE(command_status));
>  	pr_info("\n");
>  }
>  
> @@ -1991,7 +1994,7 @@ static void do_wakeup(void)
>  {
>  	reschedule_timeout(MAXTIMEOUT, "do wakeup");
>  	cont = NULL;
> -	command_status += 2;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, READ_ONCE(command_status) + 2);
>  	wake_up(&command_done);
>  }
>  
> @@ -2019,11 +2022,12 @@ static int wait_til_done(void (*handler)(void), bool interruptible)
>  	schedule_bh(handler);
>  
>  	if (interruptible)
> -		wait_event_interruptible(command_done, command_status >= 2);
> +		wait_event_interruptible(command_done,
> +					 READ_ONCE(command_status) >= 2);
>  	else
> -		wait_event(command_done, command_status >= 2);
> +		wait_event(command_done, READ_ONCE(command_status) >= 2);
>  
> -	if (command_status < 2) {
> +	if (READ_ONCE(command_status) < 2) {
>  		cancel_activity();
>  		cont = &intr_cont;
>  		reset_fdc();
> @@ -2031,18 +2035,18 @@ static int wait_til_done(void (*handler)(void), bool interruptible)
>  	}
>  
>  	if (fdc_state[current_fdc].reset)
> -		command_status = FD_COMMAND_ERROR;
> -	if (command_status == FD_COMMAND_OKAY)
> +		WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_ERROR);
> +	if (READ_ONCE(command_status) == FD_COMMAND_OKAY)
>  		ret = 0;
>  	else
>  		ret = -EIO;
> -	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
>  	return ret;
>  }
>  
>  static void generic_done(int result)
>  {
> -	command_status = result;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, result);
>  	cont = &wakeup_cont;
>  }
>  
> @@ -2873,7 +2877,7 @@ static blk_status_t floppy_queue_rq(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
>  	list_add_tail(&bd->rq->queuelist, &floppy_reqs);
>  	spin_unlock_irq(&floppy_lock);
>  
> -	command_status = FD_COMMAND_NONE;
> +	WRITE_ONCE(command_status, FD_COMMAND_NONE);
>  	__reschedule_timeout(MAXTIMEOUT, "fd_request");
>  	set_fdc(0);
>  	process_fd_request();