From: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@gmail.com>

Add AtomicFlag type for boolean flags.

Document when AtomicFlag is generally preferable to Atomic<bool>: in
particular, when RMW operations such as xchg()/cmpxchg() may be used
and minimizing memory usage is not the top priority. On some
architectures without byte-sized RMW instructions, Atomic<bool> can be
slower for RMW operations.

Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260129122622.3896144-2-tomo@aliasing.net
---
 rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs           | 125 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs |  17 ++++
 2 files changed, 142 insertions(+)

diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
index f4c3ab15c8a7..f80cebce5bc1 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
@@ -578,3 +578,128 @@ pub fn fetch_add<Rhs, Ordering: ordering::Ordering>(&self, v: Rhs, _: Ordering)
         unsafe { from_repr(ret) }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64))]
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Flag {
+    bool_field: bool,
+}
+
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// `padding` must be all zeroes.
+#[cfg(not(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64)))]
+#[repr(C, align(4))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Flag {
+    #[cfg(target_endian = "big")]
+    padding: [u8; 3],
+    bool_field: bool,
+    #[cfg(target_endian = "little")]
+    padding: [u8; 3],
+}
+
+impl Flag {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    const fn new(b: bool) -> Self {
+        // INVARIANT: `padding` is all zeroes.
+        Self {
+            bool_field: b,
+            #[cfg(not(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64)))]
+            padding: [0; 3],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// SAFETY: `Flag` and `Repr` have the same size and alignment, and `Flag` is round-trip
+// transmutable to the selected representation (`i8` or `i32`).
+unsafe impl AtomicType for Flag {
+    #[cfg(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64))]
+    type Repr = i8;
+    #[cfg(not(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64)))]
+    type Repr = i32;
+}
+
+/// An atomic flag type intended to be backed by performance-optimal integer type.
+///
+/// The backing integer type is an implementation detail; it may vary by architecture and change
+/// in the future.
+///
+/// [`AtomicFlag`] is generally preferable to [`Atomic<bool>`] when you need read-modify-write
+/// (RMW) operations (e.g. [`Atomic::xchg()`]/[`Atomic::cmpxchg()`]) or when [`Atomic<bool>`] does
+/// not save memory due to padding. On some architectures that do not support byte-sized atomic
+/// RMW operations, RMW operations on [`Atomic<bool>`] are slower.
+///
+/// If you only use [`Atomic::load()`]/[`Atomic::store()`], [`Atomic<bool>`] is fine.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use kernel::sync::atomic::{AtomicFlag, Relaxed};
+///
+/// let flag = AtomicFlag::new(false);
+/// assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+/// flag.store(true, Relaxed);
+/// assert_eq!(true, flag.load(Relaxed));
+/// ```
+pub struct AtomicFlag(Atomic<Flag>);
+
+impl AtomicFlag {
+    /// Creates a new atomic flag.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn new(b: bool) -> Self {
+        Self(Atomic::new(Flag::new(b)))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying flag as a [`bool`].
+    ///
+    /// This is safe because the mutable reference of the atomic flag guarantees exclusive access.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use kernel::sync::atomic::{AtomicFlag, Relaxed};
+    ///
+    /// let mut atomic_flag = AtomicFlag::new(false);
+    /// assert_eq!(false, atomic_flag.load(Relaxed));
+    /// *atomic_flag.get_mut() = true;
+    /// assert_eq!(true, atomic_flag.load(Relaxed));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
+        &mut self.0.get_mut().bool_field
+    }
+
+    /// Loads the value from the atomic flag.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn load<Ordering: ordering::AcquireOrRelaxed>(&self, o: Ordering) -> bool {
+        self.0.load(o).bool_field
+    }
+
+    /// Stores a value to the atomic flag.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn store<Ordering: ordering::ReleaseOrRelaxed>(&self, v: bool, o: Ordering) {
+        self.0.store(Flag::new(v), o);
+    }
+
+    /// Stores a value to the atomic flag and returns the previous value.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn xchg<Ordering: ordering::Ordering>(&self, new: bool, o: Ordering) -> bool {
+        self.0.xchg(Flag::new(new), o).bool_field
+    }
+
+    /// Store a value to the atomic flag if the current value is equal to `old`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn cmpxchg<Ordering: ordering::Ordering>(
+        &self,
+        old: bool,
+        new: bool,
+        o: Ordering,
+    ) -> Result<bool, bool> {
+        match self.0.cmpxchg(Flag::new(old), Flag::new(new), o) {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(old),
+            Err(f) => Err(f.bool_field),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs
index 6f2c60529b64..ceb3caed9784 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs
@@ -272,4 +272,21 @@ fn atomic_ptr_tests() {
         );
         assert_eq!(x.load(Relaxed), &raw const u);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn atomic_flag_tests() {
+        let mut flag = AtomicFlag::new(false);
+
+        assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+
+        *flag.get_mut() = true;
+        assert_eq!(true, flag.load(Relaxed));
+
+        assert_eq!(true, flag.xchg(false, Relaxed));
+        assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+
+        *flag.get_mut() = true;
+        assert_eq!(Ok(true), flag.cmpxchg(true, false, Full));
+        assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+    }
 }
-- 
2.50.1 (Apple Git-155)

The following commit has been merged into the locking/core branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     ec6fc66ac39b1a6c0b06a828eff8d21928e56b60
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/ec6fc66ac39b1a6c0b06a828eff8d21928e56b60
Author:        FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@gmail.com>
AuthorDate:    Tue, 03 Mar 2026 12:16:56 -08:00
Committer:     Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
CommitterDate: Sun, 08 Mar 2026 11:06:49 +01:00

rust: sync: atomic: Add performance-optimal Flag type for atomic booleans

Add AtomicFlag type for boolean flags.

Document when AtomicFlag is generally preferable to Atomic<bool>: in
particular, when RMW operations such as xchg()/cmpxchg() may be used
and minimizing memory usage is not the top priority. On some
architectures without byte-sized RMW instructions, Atomic<bool> can be
slower for RMW operations.

Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260129122622.3896144-2-tomo@aliasing.net
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260303201701.12204-9-boqun@kernel.org
---
 rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs           | 125 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs |  17 ++++-
 2 files changed, 142 insertions(+)

diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
index f4c3ab1..f80cebc 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
@@ -578,3 +578,128 @@ where
         unsafe { from_repr(ret) }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64))]
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Flag {
+    bool_field: bool,
+}
+
+/// # Invariants
+///
+/// `padding` must be all zeroes.
+#[cfg(not(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64)))]
+#[repr(C, align(4))]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Flag {
+    #[cfg(target_endian = "big")]
+    padding: [u8; 3],
+    bool_field: bool,
+    #[cfg(target_endian = "little")]
+    padding: [u8; 3],
+}
+
+impl Flag {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    const fn new(b: bool) -> Self {
+        // INVARIANT: `padding` is all zeroes.
+        Self {
+            bool_field: b,
+            #[cfg(not(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64)))]
+            padding: [0; 3],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// SAFETY: `Flag` and `Repr` have the same size and alignment, and `Flag` is round-trip
+// transmutable to the selected representation (`i8` or `i32`).
+unsafe impl AtomicType for Flag {
+    #[cfg(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64))]
+    type Repr = i8;
+    #[cfg(not(any(CONFIG_X86_64, CONFIG_UML, CONFIG_ARM, CONFIG_ARM64)))]
+    type Repr = i32;
+}
+
+/// An atomic flag type intended to be backed by performance-optimal integer type.
+///
+/// The backing integer type is an implementation detail; it may vary by architecture and change
+/// in the future.
+///
+/// [`AtomicFlag`] is generally preferable to [`Atomic<bool>`] when you need read-modify-write
+/// (RMW) operations (e.g. [`Atomic::xchg()`]/[`Atomic::cmpxchg()`]) or when [`Atomic<bool>`] does
+/// not save memory due to padding. On some architectures that do not support byte-sized atomic
+/// RMW operations, RMW operations on [`Atomic<bool>`] are slower.
+///
+/// If you only use [`Atomic::load()`]/[`Atomic::store()`], [`Atomic<bool>`] is fine.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use kernel::sync::atomic::{AtomicFlag, Relaxed};
+///
+/// let flag = AtomicFlag::new(false);
+/// assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+/// flag.store(true, Relaxed);
+/// assert_eq!(true, flag.load(Relaxed));
+/// ```
+pub struct AtomicFlag(Atomic<Flag>);
+
+impl AtomicFlag {
+    /// Creates a new atomic flag.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn new(b: bool) -> Self {
+        Self(Atomic::new(Flag::new(b)))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying flag as a [`bool`].
+    ///
+    /// This is safe because the mutable reference of the atomic flag guarantees exclusive access.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use kernel::sync::atomic::{AtomicFlag, Relaxed};
+    ///
+    /// let mut atomic_flag = AtomicFlag::new(false);
+    /// assert_eq!(false, atomic_flag.load(Relaxed));
+    /// *atomic_flag.get_mut() = true;
+    /// assert_eq!(true, atomic_flag.load(Relaxed));
+    /// ```
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
+        &mut self.0.get_mut().bool_field
+    }
+
+    /// Loads the value from the atomic flag.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn load<Ordering: ordering::AcquireOrRelaxed>(&self, o: Ordering) -> bool {
+        self.0.load(o).bool_field
+    }
+
+    /// Stores a value to the atomic flag.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn store<Ordering: ordering::ReleaseOrRelaxed>(&self, v: bool, o: Ordering) {
+        self.0.store(Flag::new(v), o);
+    }
+
+    /// Stores a value to the atomic flag and returns the previous value.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn xchg<Ordering: ordering::Ordering>(&self, new: bool, o: Ordering) -> bool {
+        self.0.xchg(Flag::new(new), o).bool_field
+    }
+
+    /// Store a value to the atomic flag if the current value is equal to `old`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn cmpxchg<Ordering: ordering::Ordering>(
+        &self,
+        old: bool,
+        new: bool,
+        o: Ordering,
+    ) -> Result<bool, bool> {
+        match self.0.cmpxchg(Flag::new(old), Flag::new(new), o) {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(old),
+            Err(f) => Err(f.bool_field),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs
index 6f2c605..ceb3cae 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/predefine.rs
@@ -272,4 +272,21 @@ mod tests {
         );
         assert_eq!(x.load(Relaxed), &raw const u);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn atomic_flag_tests() {
+        let mut flag = AtomicFlag::new(false);
+
+        assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+
+        *flag.get_mut() = true;
+        assert_eq!(true, flag.load(Relaxed));
+
+        assert_eq!(true, flag.xchg(false, Relaxed));
+        assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+
+        *flag.get_mut() = true;
+        assert_eq!(Ok(true), flag.cmpxchg(true, false, Full));
+        assert_eq!(false, flag.load(Relaxed));
+    }
 }