From: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>
Add test_zswap_incompressible() to verify that the zswap_incomp memcg
stat correctly tracks incompressible pages.
The test allocates memory filled with random data from /dev/urandom,
which cannot be effectively compressed by zswap. When this data is
swapped out to zswap, it should be stored as-is and tracked by the
zswap_incomp counter.
The test verifies that:
1. Pages are swapped out to zswap (zswpout increases)
2. Incompressible pages are tracked (zswap_incomp increases)
test:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048
chmod 600 /swapfile
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
echo Y > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
./test_zswap
TAP version 13
1..8
ok 1 test_zswap_usage
ok 2 test_swapin_nozswap
ok 3 test_zswapin
ok 4 test_zswap_writeback_enabled
ok 5 test_zswap_writeback_disabled
ok 6 test_no_kmem_bypass
ok 7 test_no_invasive_cgroup_shrink
ok 8 test_zswap_incompressible
Totals: pass:8 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>
---
tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 96 insertions(+)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
index 64ebc3f3f203..8cb8a131357d 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/sysinfo.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
@@ -574,6 +575,100 @@ static int test_no_kmem_bypass(const char *root)
return ret;
}
+static int allocate_random_and_wait(const char *cgroup, void *arg)
+{
+ size_t size = (size_t)arg;
+ char *mem;
+ int fd;
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ mem = malloc(size);
+ if (!mem)
+ return -1;
+
+ /* Fill with random data from /dev/urandom - incompressible */
+ fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ free(mem);
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ) {
+ n = read(fd, mem + i, size - i);
+ if (n <= 0)
+ break;
+ i += n;
+ }
+ close(fd);
+
+ /* Touch all pages to ensure they're faulted in */
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += 4096)
+ mem[i] = mem[i];
+
+ /* Keep memory alive for parent to reclaim and check stats */
+ pause();
+ free(mem);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static long get_zswap_incomp(const char *cgroup)
+{
+ return cg_read_key_long(cgroup, "memory.stat", "zswap_incomp ");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that incompressible pages (random data) are tracked by zswap_incomp.
+ *
+ * Since incompressible pages stored in zswap are charged at full PAGE_SIZE
+ * (no memory savings), we cannot rely on memory.max pressure to push them
+ * into zswap. Instead, we allocate random data within memory.max, then use
+ * memory.reclaim to proactively push pages into zswap while checking the stat
+ * before the child exits (zswap_incomp is a gauge that decreases on free).
+ */
+static int test_zswap_incompressible(const char *root)
+{
+ int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
+ char *test_group;
+ long zswap_incomp;
+ pid_t child_pid;
+ int child_status;
+
+ test_group = cg_name(root, "zswap_incompressible_test");
+ if (!test_group)
+ goto out;
+ if (cg_create(test_group))
+ goto out;
+ if (cg_write(test_group, "memory.max", "32M"))
+ goto out;
+
+ child_pid = cg_run_nowait(test_group, allocate_random_and_wait,
+ (void *)MB(4));
+ if (child_pid < 0)
+ goto out;
+
+ /* Wait for child to finish allocating */
+ usleep(500000);
+
+ /* Proactively reclaim to push random pages into zswap */
+ cg_write_numeric(test_group, "memory.reclaim", MB(4));
+
+ zswap_incomp = get_zswap_incomp(test_group);
+ if (zswap_incomp <= 0) {
+ ksft_print_msg("zswap_incomp not increased: %ld\n", zswap_incomp);
+ goto out_kill;
+ }
+
+ ret = KSFT_PASS;
+
+out_kill:
+ kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);
+ waitpid(child_pid, &child_status, 0);
+out:
+ cg_destroy(test_group);
+ free(test_group);
+ return ret;
+}
+
#define T(x) { x, #x }
struct zswap_test {
int (*fn)(const char *root);
@@ -586,6 +681,7 @@ struct zswap_test {
T(test_zswap_writeback_disabled),
T(test_no_kmem_bypass),
T(test_no_invasive_cgroup_shrink),
+ T(test_zswap_incompressible),
};
#undef T
--
2.43.0On Fri, 6 Feb 2026 15:22:16 +0800 Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev> wrote:
> From: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>
>
> Add test_zswap_incompressible() to verify that the zswap_incomp memcg
> stat correctly tracks incompressible pages.
>
> The test allocates memory filled with random data from /dev/urandom,
> which cannot be effectively compressed by zswap. When this data is
> swapped out to zswap, it should be stored as-is and tracked by the
> zswap_incomp counter.
>
> The test verifies that:
> 1. Pages are swapped out to zswap (zswpout increases)
> 2. Incompressible pages are tracked (zswap_incomp increases)
>
> test:
> dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048
> chmod 600 /swapfile
> mkswap /swapfile
> swapon /swapfile
> echo Y > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
>
> ./test_zswap
> TAP version 13
> 1..8
> ok 1 test_zswap_usage
> ok 2 test_swapin_nozswap
> ok 3 test_zswapin
> ok 4 test_zswap_writeback_enabled
> ok 5 test_zswap_writeback_disabled
> ok 6 test_no_kmem_bypass
> ok 7 test_no_invasive_cgroup_shrink
> ok 8 test_zswap_incompressible
> Totals: pass:8 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
Nice test. This is also testing the functionality of zswap's incompressible
page handling.
>
> Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
> ---
> tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 96 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
> index 64ebc3f3f203..8cb8a131357d 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
> @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <signal.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
> #include <string.h>
> #include <sys/wait.h>
> @@ -574,6 +575,100 @@ static int test_no_kmem_bypass(const char *root)
> return ret;
> }
>
> +static int allocate_random_and_wait(const char *cgroup, void *arg)
> +{
> + size_t size = (size_t)arg;
> + char *mem;
> + int fd;
> + ssize_t n;
> +
> + mem = malloc(size);
> + if (!mem)
> + return -1;
> +
> + /* Fill with random data from /dev/urandom - incompressible */
> + fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
> + if (fd < 0) {
> + free(mem);
> + return -1;
> + }
> +
> + for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ) {
> + n = read(fd, mem + i, size - i);
> + if (n <= 0)
> + break;
> + i += n;
> + }
> + close(fd);
> +
> + /* Touch all pages to ensure they're faulted in */
> + for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += 4096)
Nit. I show test_zswapin() is using PAGE_SIZE. Maybe the above code can also
use it?
> + mem[i] = mem[i];
> +
> + /* Keep memory alive for parent to reclaim and check stats */
> + pause();
> + free(mem);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static long get_zswap_incomp(const char *cgroup)
> +{
> + return cg_read_key_long(cgroup, "memory.stat", "zswap_incomp ");
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Test that incompressible pages (random data) are tracked by zswap_incomp.
> + *
> + * Since incompressible pages stored in zswap are charged at full PAGE_SIZE
> + * (no memory savings), we cannot rely on memory.max pressure to push them
> + * into zswap. Instead, we allocate random data within memory.max, then use
> + * memory.reclaim to proactively push pages into zswap while checking the stat
> + * before the child exits (zswap_incomp is a gauge that decreases on free).
> + */
> +static int test_zswap_incompressible(const char *root)
> +{
> + int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
> + char *test_group;
> + long zswap_incomp;
> + pid_t child_pid;
> + int child_status;
> +
> + test_group = cg_name(root, "zswap_incompressible_test");
> + if (!test_group)
> + goto out;
> + if (cg_create(test_group))
> + goto out;
> + if (cg_write(test_group, "memory.max", "32M"))
> + goto out;
> +
> + child_pid = cg_run_nowait(test_group, allocate_random_and_wait,
> + (void *)MB(4));
> + if (child_pid < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + /* Wait for child to finish allocating */
> + usleep(500000);
We might be better to revisit here in future to avoid racy test results. But
this seems good enough for now.
> +
> + /* Proactively reclaim to push random pages into zswap */
> + cg_write_numeric(test_group, "memory.reclaim", MB(4));
> +
> + zswap_incomp = get_zswap_incomp(test_group);
> + if (zswap_incomp <= 0) {
> + ksft_print_msg("zswap_incomp not increased: %ld\n", zswap_incomp);
> + goto out_kill;
> + }
> +
> + ret = KSFT_PASS;
> +
> +out_kill:
> + kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);
> + waitpid(child_pid, &child_status, 0);
> +out:
> + cg_destroy(test_group);
> + free(test_group);
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> #define T(x) { x, #x }
> struct zswap_test {
> int (*fn)(const char *root);
> @@ -586,6 +681,7 @@ struct zswap_test {
> T(test_zswap_writeback_disabled),
> T(test_no_kmem_bypass),
> T(test_no_invasive_cgroup_shrink),
> + T(test_zswap_incompressible),
> };
> #undef T
>
> --
> 2.43.0
Thanks,
SJ
[...]
On Thu, Feb 5, 2026 at 11:22 PM Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev> wrote:
>
> From: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>
>
> Add test_zswap_incompressible() to verify that the zswap_incomp memcg
> stat correctly tracks incompressible pages.
>
> The test allocates memory filled with random data from /dev/urandom,
> which cannot be effectively compressed by zswap. When this data is
> swapped out to zswap, it should be stored as-is and tracked by the
> zswap_incomp counter.
>
> The test verifies that:
> 1. Pages are swapped out to zswap (zswpout increases)
> 2. Incompressible pages are tracked (zswap_incomp increases)
>
> test:
> dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048
> chmod 600 /swapfile
> mkswap /swapfile
> swapon /swapfile
> echo Y > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
>
> ./test_zswap
> TAP version 13
> 1..8
> ok 1 test_zswap_usage
> ok 2 test_swapin_nozswap
> ok 3 test_zswapin
> ok 4 test_zswap_writeback_enabled
> ok 5 test_zswap_writeback_disabled
> ok 6 test_no_kmem_bypass
> ok 7 test_no_invasive_cgroup_shrink
> ok 8 test_zswap_incompressible
> Totals: pass:8 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0
>
> Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com>
> ---
> tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 96 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
> index 64ebc3f3f203..8cb8a131357d 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/cgroup/test_zswap.c
> @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
> #include <unistd.h>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <signal.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
> #include <string.h>
> #include <sys/wait.h>
> @@ -574,6 +575,100 @@ static int test_no_kmem_bypass(const char *root)
> return ret;
> }
>
> +static int allocate_random_and_wait(const char *cgroup, void *arg)
> +{
> + size_t size = (size_t)arg;
> + char *mem;
> + int fd;
> + ssize_t n;
> +
> + mem = malloc(size);
> + if (!mem)
> + return -1;
> +
> + /* Fill with random data from /dev/urandom - incompressible */
> + fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
> + if (fd < 0) {
> + free(mem);
> + return -1;
> + }
> +
> + for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ) {
> + n = read(fd, mem + i, size - i);
> + if (n <= 0)
> + break;
> + i += n;
> + }
> + close(fd);
> +
> + /* Touch all pages to ensure they're faulted in */
> + for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += 4096)
> + mem[i] = mem[i];
> +
> + /* Keep memory alive for parent to reclaim and check stats */
> + pause();
> + free(mem);
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static long get_zswap_incomp(const char *cgroup)
> +{
> + return cg_read_key_long(cgroup, "memory.stat", "zswap_incomp ");
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Test that incompressible pages (random data) are tracked by zswap_incomp.
> + *
> + * Since incompressible pages stored in zswap are charged at full PAGE_SIZE
> + * (no memory savings), we cannot rely on memory.max pressure to push them
> + * into zswap. Instead, we allocate random data within memory.max, then use
> + * memory.reclaim to proactively push pages into zswap while checking the stat
> + * before the child exits (zswap_incomp is a gauge that decreases on free).
I wonder if we can do MADV_PAGEOUT? Anyway, I'm fine with memory.reclaim too.
> + */
> +static int test_zswap_incompressible(const char *root)
> +{
> + int ret = KSFT_FAIL;
> + char *test_group;
> + long zswap_incomp;
> + pid_t child_pid;
> + int child_status;
> +
> + test_group = cg_name(root, "zswap_incompressible_test");
> + if (!test_group)
> + goto out;
> + if (cg_create(test_group))
> + goto out;
> + if (cg_write(test_group, "memory.max", "32M"))
> + goto out;
> +
> + child_pid = cg_run_nowait(test_group, allocate_random_and_wait,
> + (void *)MB(4));
> + if (child_pid < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + /* Wait for child to finish allocating */
> + usleep(500000);
> +
> + /* Proactively reclaim to push random pages into zswap */
> + cg_write_numeric(test_group, "memory.reclaim", MB(4));
> +
> + zswap_incomp = get_zswap_incomp(test_group);
> + if (zswap_incomp <= 0) {
> + ksft_print_msg("zswap_incomp not increased: %ld\n", zswap_incomp);
> + goto out_kill;
> + }
> +
> + ret = KSFT_PASS;
> +
> +out_kill:
> + kill(child_pid, SIGTERM);
> + waitpid(child_pid, &child_status, 0);
> +out:
> + cg_destroy(test_group);
> + free(test_group);
> + return ret;
> +}
LGTM :)
Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
On Fri, Feb 06, 2026 at 03:22:16PM +0800, Jiayuan Chen wrote: > From: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com> > > Add test_zswap_incompressible() to verify that the zswap_incomp memcg > stat correctly tracks incompressible pages. > > The test allocates memory filled with random data from /dev/urandom, > which cannot be effectively compressed by zswap. When this data is > swapped out to zswap, it should be stored as-is and tracked by the > zswap_incomp counter. > > The test verifies that: > 1. Pages are swapped out to zswap (zswpout increases) > 2. Incompressible pages are tracked (zswap_incomp increases) > > test: > dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048 > chmod 600 /swapfile > mkswap /swapfile > swapon /swapfile > echo Y > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled > > ./test_zswap > TAP version 13 > 1..8 > ok 1 test_zswap_usage > ok 2 test_swapin_nozswap > ok 3 test_zswapin > ok 4 test_zswap_writeback_enabled > ok 5 test_zswap_writeback_disabled > ok 6 test_no_kmem_bypass > ok 7 test_no_invasive_cgroup_shrink > ok 8 test_zswap_incompressible > Totals: pass:8 fail:0 xfail:0 xpass:0 skip:0 error:0 > > Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@shopee.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
© 2016 - 2026 Red Hat, Inc.