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[PATCH bpf-next v2 2/7] mm: introduce BPF kfuncs to deal with memcg pointers

Roman Gushchin posted 7 patches 1 month, 2 weeks ago
There is a newer version of this series
[PATCH bpf-next v2 2/7] mm: introduce BPF kfuncs to deal with memcg pointers
Posted by Roman Gushchin 1 month, 2 weeks ago 
To effectively operate with memory cgroups in BPF there is a need
to convert css pointers to memcg pointers. A simple container_of
cast which is used in the kernel code can't be used in BPF because
from the verifier's point of view that's a out-of-bounds memory access.

Introduce helper get/put kfuncs which can be used to get
a refcounted memcg pointer from the css pointer:
  - bpf_get_mem_cgroup,
  - bpf_put_mem_cgroup.

bpf_get_mem_cgroup() can take both memcg's css and the corresponding
cgroup's "self" css. It allows it to be used with the existing cgroup
iterator which iterates over cgroup tree, not memcg tree.

Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
---
 mm/Makefile         |  3 ++
 mm/bpf_memcontrol.c | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 mm/bpf_memcontrol.c

diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
index 9175f8cc6565..79c39a98ff83 100644
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCG) += memcontrol.o vmpressure.o
 ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
 obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCG) += swap_cgroup.o
 endif
+ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
+obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCG) += bpf_memcontrol.o
+endif
 obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB) += hugetlb_cgroup.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_GUP_TEST) += gup_test.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DMAPOOL_TEST) += dmapool_test.o
diff --git a/mm/bpf_memcontrol.c b/mm/bpf_memcontrol.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..03d435fc4f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/bpf_memcontrol.c
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Memory Controller-related BPF kfuncs and auxiliary code
+ *
+ * Author: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+
+__bpf_kfunc_start_defs();
+
+/**
+ * bpf_get_mem_cgroup - Get a reference to a memory cgroup
+ * @css: pointer to the css structure
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to a mem_cgroup structure after bumping
+ * the corresponding css's reference counter.
+ *
+ * It's fine to pass a css which belongs to any cgroup controller,
+ * e.g. unified hierarchy's main css.
+ *
+ * Implements KF_ACQUIRE semantics.
+ */
+__bpf_kfunc struct mem_cgroup *
+bpf_get_mem_cgroup(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+{
+	struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
+	bool rcu_unlock = false;
+
+	if (mem_cgroup_disabled() || !root_mem_cgroup)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (root_mem_cgroup->css.ss != css->ss) {
+		struct cgroup *cgroup = css->cgroup;
+		int ssid = root_mem_cgroup->css.ss->id;
+
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		rcu_unlock = true;
+		css = rcu_dereference_raw(cgroup->subsys[ssid]);
+	}
+
+	if (css && css_tryget(css))
+		memcg = container_of(css, struct mem_cgroup, css);
+
+	if (rcu_unlock)
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	return memcg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * bpf_put_mem_cgroup - Put a reference to a memory cgroup
+ * @memcg: memory cgroup to release
+ *
+ * Releases a previously acquired memcg reference.
+ * Implements KF_RELEASE semantics.
+ */
+__bpf_kfunc void bpf_put_mem_cgroup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
+{
+	css_put(&memcg->css);
+}
+
+__bpf_kfunc_end_defs();
+
+BTF_KFUNCS_START(bpf_memcontrol_kfuncs)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_get_mem_cgroup, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_ACQUIRE | KF_RET_NULL | KF_RCU)
+BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_put_mem_cgroup, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RELEASE)
+
+BTF_KFUNCS_END(bpf_memcontrol_kfuncs)
+
+static const struct btf_kfunc_id_set bpf_memcontrol_kfunc_set = {
+	.owner          = THIS_MODULE,
+	.set            = &bpf_memcontrol_kfuncs,
+};
+
+static int __init bpf_memcontrol_init(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = register_btf_kfunc_id_set(BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,
+					&bpf_memcontrol_kfunc_set);
+	if (err)
+		pr_warn("error while registering bpf memcontrol kfuncs: %d", err);
+
+	return err;
+}
+late_initcall(bpf_memcontrol_init);
-- 
2.52.0
Re: [PATCH bpf-next v2 2/7] mm: introduce BPF kfuncs to deal with memcg pointers
Posted by Shakeel Butt 1 month, 2 weeks ago 
On Fri, Dec 19, 2025 at 08:12:45PM -0800, Roman Gushchin wrote:
> To effectively operate with memory cgroups in BPF there is a need
> to convert css pointers to memcg pointers. A simple container_of
> cast which is used in the kernel code can't be used in BPF because
> from the verifier's point of view that's a out-of-bounds memory access.
> 
> Introduce helper get/put kfuncs which can be used to get
> a refcounted memcg pointer from the css pointer:
>   - bpf_get_mem_cgroup,
>   - bpf_put_mem_cgroup.
> 
> bpf_get_mem_cgroup() can take both memcg's css and the corresponding
> cgroup's "self" css. It allows it to be used with the existing cgroup
> iterator which iterates over cgroup tree, not memcg tree.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>

Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Re: [PATCH bpf-next v2 2/7] mm: introduce BPF kfuncs to deal with memcg pointers
Posted by Alexei Starovoitov 1 month, 2 weeks ago 
On Fri, Dec 19, 2025 at 6:13 PM Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> wrote:
>
> To effectively operate with memory cgroups in BPF there is a need
> to convert css pointers to memcg pointers. A simple container_of
> cast which is used in the kernel code can't be used in BPF because
> from the verifier's point of view that's a out-of-bounds memory access.
>
> Introduce helper get/put kfuncs which can be used to get
> a refcounted memcg pointer from the css pointer:
>   - bpf_get_mem_cgroup,
>   - bpf_put_mem_cgroup.
>
> bpf_get_mem_cgroup() can take both memcg's css and the corresponding
> cgroup's "self" css. It allows it to be used with the existing cgroup
> iterator which iterates over cgroup tree, not memcg tree.
>
> Signed-off-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
> ---
>  mm/Makefile         |  3 ++
>  mm/bpf_memcontrol.c | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 91 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 mm/bpf_memcontrol.c
>
> diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
> index 9175f8cc6565..79c39a98ff83 100644
> --- a/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/mm/Makefile
> @@ -106,6 +106,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCG) += memcontrol.o vmpressure.o
>  ifdef CONFIG_SWAP
>  obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCG) += swap_cgroup.o
>  endif
> +ifdef CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL
> +obj-$(CONFIG_MEMCG) += bpf_memcontrol.o
> +endif
>  obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB) += hugetlb_cgroup.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_GUP_TEST) += gup_test.o
>  obj-$(CONFIG_DMAPOOL_TEST) += dmapool_test.o
> diff --git a/mm/bpf_memcontrol.c b/mm/bpf_memcontrol.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..03d435fc4f10
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/mm/bpf_memcontrol.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
> +/*
> + * Memory Controller-related BPF kfuncs and auxiliary code
> + *
> + * Author: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
> +#include <linux/bpf.h>
> +
> +__bpf_kfunc_start_defs();
> +
> +/**
> + * bpf_get_mem_cgroup - Get a reference to a memory cgroup
> + * @css: pointer to the css structure
> + *
> + * Returns a pointer to a mem_cgroup structure after bumping
> + * the corresponding css's reference counter.
> + *
> + * It's fine to pass a css which belongs to any cgroup controller,
> + * e.g. unified hierarchy's main css.
> + *
> + * Implements KF_ACQUIRE semantics.
> + */
> +__bpf_kfunc struct mem_cgroup *
> +bpf_get_mem_cgroup(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
> +{
> +       struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
> +       bool rcu_unlock = false;
> +
> +       if (mem_cgroup_disabled() || !root_mem_cgroup)
> +               return NULL;
> +
> +       if (root_mem_cgroup->css.ss != css->ss) {
> +               struct cgroup *cgroup = css->cgroup;
> +               int ssid = root_mem_cgroup->css.ss->id;
> +
> +               rcu_read_lock();
> +               rcu_unlock = true;
> +               css = rcu_dereference_raw(cgroup->subsys[ssid]);
> +       }
> +
> +       if (css && css_tryget(css))
> +               memcg = container_of(css, struct mem_cgroup, css);
> +
> +       if (rcu_unlock)
> +               rcu_read_unlock();
> +
> +       return memcg;
> +}
> +
> +/**
> + * bpf_put_mem_cgroup - Put a reference to a memory cgroup
> + * @memcg: memory cgroup to release
> + *
> + * Releases a previously acquired memcg reference.
> + * Implements KF_RELEASE semantics.
> + */
> +__bpf_kfunc void bpf_put_mem_cgroup(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
> +{
> +       css_put(&memcg->css);
> +}
> +
> +__bpf_kfunc_end_defs();
> +
> +BTF_KFUNCS_START(bpf_memcontrol_kfuncs)
> +BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_get_mem_cgroup, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_ACQUIRE | KF_RET_NULL | KF_RCU)
> +BTF_ID_FLAGS(func, bpf_put_mem_cgroup, KF_TRUSTED_ARGS | KF_RELEASE)

This is an unusual combination of flags.
KF_RCU is a weaker KF_TRUSTED_ARGS, so just use KF_RCU.
We have an odd selftest kmod that specifies both,
but it's unnecessary there as well.
Just KF_ACQUIRE | KF_RET_NULL | KF_RCU will do.

Similarly KF_RELEASE implies KF_TRUSTED_ARGS.
That's even documented Documentation/bpf/kfuncs.rst,
so just use KF_RELEASE for bpf_put_mem_cgroup.

pw-bot: cr

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