Commit 33549fcf37ec ("RISC-V: disallow gcc + rust builds") disabled GCC
+ Rust builds for RISC-V due to differences in extension handling
compared to LLVM.

Add a Kconfig symbol to indicate the version of libclang used by Rust
bindgen and add conditions for the availability of libclang to the
RISC-V extension Kconfig symbols that depend on the cc-option function.

For Zicsr/Zifencei special handling, since LLVM/Clang always enables
these two extensions, either don't pass them to -march, or pass them
explicitly and Rust bindgen libclang must recognize them.

Clang does not support -mno-riscv-attribute flag, filter it out to
resolve error: unknown argument: '-mno-riscv-attribute'.

Define BINDGEN_TARGET_riscv to pass the target triplet to Rust bindgen
libclang for RISC-V to resolve error: unsupported argument 'medany' to
option '-mcmodel=' for target 'unknown'. Improve to output a clearer
error message if the target triplet is undefined for Rust bindgen
libclang.

Update the documentation, GCC + Rust builds are now supported.

Signed-off-by: Asuna Yang <SpriteOvO@gmail.com>
---
 Documentation/rust/arch-support.rst |  2 +-
 arch/riscv/Kconfig                  | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 init/Kconfig                        |  6 ++++++
 rust/Makefile                       |  7 ++++++-
 scripts/Kconfig.include             |  1 +
 5 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/rust/arch-support.rst b/Documentation/rust/arch-support.rst
index 6e6a515d08991a130a8e79dc4ad7ad09da244020..5282e0e174e8de66b4c6fec354cf329fd2aec873 100644
--- a/Documentation/rust/arch-support.rst
+++ b/Documentation/rust/arch-support.rst
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Architecture   Level of support  Constraints
 ``arm``        Maintained        ARMv7 Little Endian only.
 ``arm64``      Maintained        Little Endian only.
 ``loongarch``  Maintained        \-
-``riscv``      Maintained        ``riscv64`` and LLVM/Clang only.
+``riscv``      Maintained        ``riscv64`` only.
 ``um``         Maintained        \-
 ``x86``        Maintained        ``x86_64`` only.
 =============  ================  ==============================================
diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
index 51dcd8eaa24356d947ebe0f1c4a701a3cfc6b757..3e892864f930778218073e8ee5980eb8f4e1594a 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ config RISCV
 	select HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
 	select HAVE_RETHOOK if !XIP_KERNEL
 	select HAVE_RSEQ
-	select HAVE_RUST if RUSTC_SUPPORTS_RISCV && CC_IS_CLANG
+	select HAVE_RUST if RUSTC_SUPPORTS_RISCV && TOOLCHAIN_MATCHES_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI
 	select HAVE_SAMPLE_FTRACE_DIRECT
 	select HAVE_SAMPLE_FTRACE_DIRECT_MULTI
 	select HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR
@@ -629,6 +629,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_V
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32imv)
 	depends on LLD_VERSION >= 140000 || LD_VERSION >= 23800
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/e6de53b4de4aecca4ac892500a0907805896ed27
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 140000
 
 config RISCV_ISA_V
 	bool "Vector extension support"
@@ -693,6 +695,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZABHA
 	depends on !64BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=lp64 -march=rv64ima_zabha)
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32ima_zabha)
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/6b7444964a8d028989beee554a1f5c61d16a1cac
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 190100
 
 config RISCV_ISA_ZABHA
 	bool "Zabha extension support for atomic byte/halfword operations"
@@ -711,6 +715,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZACAS
 	depends on !64BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=lp64 -march=rv64ima_zacas)
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32ima_zacas)
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/614aeda93b2225c6eb42b00ba189ba7ca2585c60
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 200100
 
 config RISCV_ISA_ZACAS
 	bool "Zacas extension support for atomic CAS"
@@ -730,6 +736,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZBB
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32ima_zbb)
 	depends on LLD_VERSION >= 150000 || LD_VERSION >= 23900
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/33d008b169f3c813a4a45da220d0952f795ac477
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 140000
 
 # This symbol indicates that the toolchain supports all v1.0 vector crypto
 # extensions, including Zvk*, Zvbb, and Zvbc.  LLVM added all of these at once.
@@ -745,6 +753,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZBA
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32ima_zba)
 	depends on LLD_VERSION >= 150000 || LD_VERSION >= 23900
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/33d008b169f3c813a4a45da220d0952f795ac477
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 140000
 
 config RISCV_ISA_ZBA
 	bool "Zba extension support for bit manipulation instructions"
@@ -780,6 +790,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZBC
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32ima_zbc)
 	depends on LLD_VERSION >= 150000 || LD_VERSION >= 23900
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/33d008b169f3c813a4a45da220d0952f795ac477
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 140000
 
 config RISCV_ISA_ZBC
 	bool "Zbc extension support for carry-less multiplication instructions"
@@ -803,6 +815,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_ZBKB
 	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32ima_zbkb)
 	depends on LLD_VERSION >= 150000 || LD_VERSION >= 23900
 	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/7ee1c162cc53d37f717f9a138276ad64fa6863bc
+	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 140000
 
 config RISCV_ISA_ZBKB
 	bool "Zbkb extension support for bit manipulation instructions"
@@ -890,6 +904,20 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_OLD_ISA_SPEC
 	  versions of clang and GCC to be passed to GAS, which has the same result
 	  as passing zicsr and zifencei to -march.
 
+config TOOLCHAIN_MATCHES_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI
+	def_bool y
+	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/22e199e6afb1263c943c0c0d4498694e15bf8a16
+	depends on TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_OLD_ISA_SPEC || !TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_EXPLICIT_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 170000
+	help
+	  LLVM/Clang >= 17.0.0 starts recognizing Zicsr/Zifencei in -march, passing
+	  them to -march doesn't generate an error anymore, and passing them or not
+	  doesn't have any real difference, it still follows ISA before version
+	  20190608 - Zicsr/Zifencei are included in base ISA.
+
+	  The current latest version of LLVM/Clang still does not require explicit
+	  Zicsr/Zifencei to enable these two extensions, Clang just accepts them in
+	  -march and then silently ignores them.
+
 config FPU
 	bool "FPU support"
 	default y
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index e3eb63eadc8757a10b091c74bbee8008278c0521..0859d308a48591df769c7dbaef6f035324892bd3 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ config RUSTC_LLVM_VERSION
 	int
 	default $(rustc-llvm-version)
 
+config RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION
+	int
+	default $(rustc-bindgen-libclang-version)
+	help
+	  This is the version of `libclang` used by the Rust bindings generator.
+
 config CC_CAN_LINK
 	bool
 	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) $(USERCFLAGS) $(USERLDFLAGS) $(m64-flag)) if 64BIT
diff --git a/rust/Makefile b/rust/Makefile
index bfa915b0e58854045b367557342727fee4fe2808..8c6f84487c41880816d1e55ba4c0df0e5af4e8fd 100644
--- a/rust/Makefile
+++ b/rust/Makefile
@@ -290,20 +290,25 @@ bindgen_skip_c_flags := -mno-fp-ret-in-387 -mpreferred-stack-boundary=% \
 	-fno-inline-functions-called-once -fsanitize=bounds-strict \
 	-fstrict-flex-arrays=% -fmin-function-alignment=% \
 	-fzero-init-padding-bits=% -mno-fdpic \
-	--param=% --param asan-%
+	--param=% --param asan-% -mno-riscv-attribute
 
 # Derived from `scripts/Makefile.clang`.
 BINDGEN_TARGET_x86	:= x86_64-linux-gnu
 BINDGEN_TARGET_arm64	:= aarch64-linux-gnu
 BINDGEN_TARGET_arm	:= arm-linux-gnueabi
 BINDGEN_TARGET_loongarch	:= loongarch64-linux-gnusf
+BINDGEN_TARGET_riscv	:= riscv64-linux-gnu
 BINDGEN_TARGET_um	:= $(BINDGEN_TARGET_$(SUBARCH))
 BINDGEN_TARGET		:= $(BINDGEN_TARGET_$(SRCARCH))
 
+ifeq ($(BINDGEN_TARGET),)
+$(error add '--target=' option to rust/Makefile)
+else
 # All warnings are inhibited since GCC builds are very experimental,
 # many GCC warnings are not supported by Clang, they may only appear in
 # some configurations, with new GCC versions, etc.
 bindgen_extra_c_flags = -w --target=$(BINDGEN_TARGET)
+endif
 
 # Auto variable zero-initialization requires an additional special option with
 # clang that is going to be removed sometime in the future (likely in
diff --git a/scripts/Kconfig.include b/scripts/Kconfig.include
index 33193ca6e8030e659d6b321acaea1acd42c387a4..b893bbc130f774bdca831893fed9b76d42bf540a 100644
--- a/scripts/Kconfig.include
+++ b/scripts/Kconfig.include
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ m64-flag := $(cc-option-bit,-m64)
 
 rustc-version := $(shell,$(srctree)/scripts/rustc-version.sh $(RUSTC))
 rustc-llvm-version := $(shell,$(srctree)/scripts/rustc-llvm-version.sh $(RUSTC))
+rustc-bindgen-libclang-version := $(shell,trap 'echo 0' EXIT; $(BINDGEN) $(srctree)/scripts/rust_is_available_bindgen_libclang.h 2>&1 | sed -nE 's:.*clang version ([0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+).*:\1:p' | awk -F'.' '{print $1 * 10000 + $2 * 100 + $3}')
 
 # $(rustc-option,<flag>)
 # Return y if the Rust compiler supports <flag>, n otherwise

---
base-commit: f777d1112ee597d7f7dd3ca232220873a34ad0c8
change-id: 20250914-gcc-rust-v3-a4154a826045

Best regards,
-- 
Asuna Yang <SpriteOvO@gmail.com>

On 9/14/25 15:16, Asuna Yang wrote:
> [...]
>
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> index 51dcd8eaa24356d947ebe0f1c4a701a3cfc6b757..3e892864f930778218073e8ee5980eb8f4e1594a 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig
> @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ config RISCV
>  	select HAVE_REGS_AND_STACK_ACCESS_API
>  	select HAVE_RETHOOK if !XIP_KERNEL
>  	select HAVE_RSEQ
> -	select HAVE_RUST if RUSTC_SUPPORTS_RISCV && CC_IS_CLANG
> +	select HAVE_RUST if RUSTC_SUPPORTS_RISCV && TOOLCHAIN_MATCHES_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI
>  	select HAVE_SAMPLE_FTRACE_DIRECT
>  	select HAVE_SAMPLE_FTRACE_DIRECT_MULTI
>  	select HAVE_STACKPROTECTOR
> @@ -629,6 +629,8 @@ config TOOLCHAIN_HAS_V
>  	depends on !32BIT || $(cc-option,-mabi=ilp32 -march=rv32imv)
>  	depends on LLD_VERSION >= 140000 || LD_VERSION >= 23800
>  	depends on AS_HAS_OPTION_ARCH
> +	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/e6de53b4de4aecca4ac892500a0907805896ed27
> +	depends on !RUST || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 140000
>  

I think instead of testing libclang version, it would make more sense to
feature test if bindgen the binary supports these flags, like what we
already do with $(cc-option,...).

Same for all the other version tests.

> [...]
>  
> +config TOOLCHAIN_MATCHES_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI

TOOLCHAIN_ACCEPTS_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI?

> +	def_bool y
> +	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/22e199e6afb1263c943c0c0d4498694e15bf8a16
> +	depends on TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_OLD_ISA_SPEC || !TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_EXPLICIT_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 170000
> +	help
> +	  LLVM/Clang >= 17.0.0 starts recognizing Zicsr/Zifencei in -march, passing
> +	  them to -march doesn't generate an error anymore, and passing them or not
> +	  doesn't have any real difference, it still follows ISA before version
> +	  20190608 - Zicsr/Zifencei are included in base ISA.
> +
> +	  The current latest version of LLVM/Clang still does not require explicit
> +	  Zicsr/Zifencei to enable these two extensions, Clang just accepts them in
> +	  -march and then silently ignores them.
> +
>  config FPU
>  	bool "FPU support"
>  	default y
> diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
> index e3eb63eadc8757a10b091c74bbee8008278c0521..0859d308a48591df769c7dbaef6f035324892bd3 100644
> --- a/init/Kconfig
> +++ b/init/Kconfig
> @@ -82,6 +82,12 @@ config RUSTC_LLVM_VERSION
>  	int
>  	default $(rustc-llvm-version)
>  
> +config RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION
> +	int
> +	default $(rustc-bindgen-libclang-version)
> +	help
> +	  This is the version of `libclang` used by the Rust bindings generator.
> +

This can go away if we don't test the version anymore.

>  config CC_CAN_LINK
>  	bool
>  	default $(success,$(srctree)/scripts/cc-can-link.sh $(CC) $(CLANG_FLAGS) $(USERCFLAGS) $(USERLDFLAGS) $(m64-flag)) if 64BIT
> diff --git a/rust/Makefile b/rust/Makefile
> index bfa915b0e58854045b367557342727fee4fe2808..8c6f84487c41880816d1e55ba4c0df0e5af4e8fd 100644
> --- a/rust/Makefile
> +++ b/rust/Makefile
> @@ -290,20 +290,25 @@ bindgen_skip_c_flags := -mno-fp-ret-in-387 -mpreferred-stack-boundary=% \
>  	-fno-inline-functions-called-once -fsanitize=bounds-strict \
>  	-fstrict-flex-arrays=% -fmin-function-alignment=% \
>  	-fzero-init-padding-bits=% -mno-fdpic \
> -	--param=% --param asan-%
> +	--param=% --param asan-% -mno-riscv-attribute
>  
>  # Derived from `scripts/Makefile.clang`.
>  BINDGEN_TARGET_x86	:= x86_64-linux-gnu
>  BINDGEN_TARGET_arm64	:= aarch64-linux-gnu
>  BINDGEN_TARGET_arm	:= arm-linux-gnueabi
>  BINDGEN_TARGET_loongarch	:= loongarch64-linux-gnusf
> +BINDGEN_TARGET_riscv	:= riscv64-linux-gnu

Do you know if this works for riscv32? Makefile.clang uses "-m32" for
32BIT, AFAICT, but i don't know if this is a good idea.

Maybe riscv32 Rust for Linux is broken anyway...

>  BINDGEN_TARGET_um	:= $(BINDGEN_TARGET_$(SUBARCH))
>  BINDGEN_TARGET		:= $(BINDGEN_TARGET_$(SRCARCH))
>  
> +ifeq ($(BINDGEN_TARGET),)
> +$(error add '--target=' option to rust/Makefile)
> +else

Is this necessary? Maybe this can go in a separate patch, or even
submitted separately entirely - it's unrelated to "RISC-V: re-enable gcc
+ rust builds" and would be weird to see in git blame.

Vivian "dramforever" Wang

On Fri, Sep 19, 2025 at 7:21 AM Vivian Wang <wangruikang@iscas.ac.cn> wrote:
>
> Is this necessary? Maybe this can go in a separate patch, or even
> submitted separately entirely - it's unrelated to "RISC-V: re-enable gcc
> + rust builds" and would be weird to see in git blame.

Agreed, I mentioned the same in a previous version of the patch.

Cheers,
Miguel

On Sun, Sep 14, 2025 at 03:16:40PM +0800, Asuna Yang wrote:
> +config TOOLCHAIN_MATCHES_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI
> +	def_bool y
> +	# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/commit/22e199e6afb1263c943c0c0d4498694e15bf8a16
> +	depends on TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_OLD_ISA_SPEC || !TOOLCHAIN_NEEDS_EXPLICIT_ZICSR_ZIFENCEI || RUST_BINDGEN_LIBCLANG_VERSION >= 170000
> +	help
> +	  LLVM/Clang >= 17.0.0 starts recognizing Zicsr/Zifencei in -march, passing
> +	  them to -march doesn't generate an error anymore, and passing them or not
> +	  doesn't have any real difference, it still follows ISA before version
> +	  20190608 - Zicsr/Zifencei are included in base ISA.
> +
> +	  The current latest version of LLVM/Clang still does not require explicit
> +	  Zicsr/Zifencei to enable these two extensions, Clang just accepts them in
> +	  -march and then silently ignores them.

I still don't really like the name of this option, but I don't really
have any good suggestions for what to call this.
Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>

Cheers,
Conor.