Introduce a DRM driver for the Mayqueen Pixpaper e-ink display panel,
which is controlled via SPI. The driver supports a 122x250 resolution
display with XRGB8888 format.
Also, add a MAINTAINERS entry for the Pixpaper driver.
Signed-off-by: LiangCheng Wang <zaq14760@gmail.com>
---
MAINTAINERS | 6 +
drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig | 15 +
drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile | 1 +
drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c | 777 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 799 insertions(+)
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index fad6cb025a1918beec113b576cf28b76151745ef..0613f32ef8a702e508c9a2e51853f8fe6a38ba42 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -7756,6 +7756,12 @@ T: git https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/misc/kernel.git
F: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/repaper.txt
F: drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/repaper.c
+DRM DRIVER FOR PIXPAPER E-INK PANEL
+M: LiangCheng Wang <zaq14760@gmail.com>
+S: Maintained
+F: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/mayqueen,pixpaper.yaml
+F: drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c
+
DRM DRIVER FOR QEMU'S CIRRUS DEVICE
M: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
M: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig
index 06e54694a7f2fe1649e1886f039926b24f698e0d..f9b814e87348cad1946dd5e2ff54d304100ef264 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig
@@ -164,6 +164,21 @@ config TINYDRM_MI0283QT
DRM driver for the Multi-Inno MI0283QT display panel
If M is selected the module will be called mi0283qt.
+config TINYDRM_PIXPAPER
+ tristate "DRM support for PIXPAPER display panels"
+ depends on DRM && SPI
+ select DRM_CLIENT_SELECTION
+ select DRM_KMS_HELPER
+ select DRM_GEM_DMA_HELPER
+ help
+ DRM driver for the Mayqueen Pixpaper e-ink display panel.
+
+ This driver supports small e-paper displays connected over SPI,
+ with a resolution of 122x250 and XRGB8888 framebuffer format.
+ It is intended for low-power embedded applications.
+
+ If M is selected, the module will be built as pixpaper.ko.
+
config TINYDRM_REPAPER
tristate "DRM support for Pervasive Displays RePaper panels (V231)"
depends on DRM && SPI
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile
index 4a9ff61ec25420e2c0a648c04eaab7ca25dd5407..40d613b57f5ee990dbf170d69939a39546be21b7 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile
@@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_ILI9225) += ili9225.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_ILI9341) += ili9341.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_ILI9486) += ili9486.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_MI0283QT) += mi0283qt.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_PIXPAPER) += pixpaper.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_REPAPER) += repaper.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_SHARP_MEMORY) += sharp-memory.o
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f134cacbb3d2b2792b94fc37cddb0b264348f192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * DRM driver for PIXPAPER e-ink panel
+ *
+ * Author: LiangCheng Wang <zaq14760@gmail.com>,
+ */
+#include <drm/clients/drm_client_setup.h>
+
+#include <drm/drm_atomic.h>
+#include <drm/drm_atomic_helper.h>
+#include <drm/drm_drv.h>
+#include <drm/drm_fbdev_dma.h>
+#include <drm/drm_framebuffer.h>
+#include <drm/drm_gem_atomic_helper.h>
+#include <drm/drm_gem_dma_helper.h>
+#include <drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.h>
+#include <drm/drm_probe_helper.h>
+
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/spi/spi.h>
+
+MODULE_IMPORT_NS("DMA_BUF");
+
+#define PIXPAPER_WIDTH 122
+#define PIXPAPER_HEIGHT 250
+
+#define PANEL_BUFFER_WIDTH 128
+#define PANEL_BUFFER_TWO_BYTES_PER_ROW (PANEL_BUFFER_WIDTH / 4)
+
+#define PIXPAPER_SPI_SPEED_DEFAULT 1000000
+
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_PANEL_SETTING 0x00
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SETTING 0x01
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF 0x02
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF_SEQUENCE 0x03
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_ON 0x04
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_BOOSTER_SOFT_START 0x06
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_DEEP_SLEEP 0x07
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_DATA_START_TRANSMISSION 0x10
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_DISPLAY_REFRESH 0x12
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_PLL_CONTROL 0x30
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_TEMP_SENSOR_CALIB 0x41
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_4D 0x4D
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_VCOM_INTERVAL 0x50
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_TCON_SETTING 0x60
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_RESOLUTION_SETTING 0x61
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_GATE_SOURCE_START 0x65
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B4 0xB4
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B5 0xB5
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_CASCADE_SETTING 0xE0
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SAVING 0xE3
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_AUTO_MEASURE_VCOM 0xE7
+#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_E9 0xE9
+
+static int pixpaper_crtc_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state);
+static int pixpaper_plane_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_plane *plane,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state);
+static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_enable(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state);
+static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_disable(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state);
+static void pixpaper_plane_atomic_update(struct drm_plane *plane,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state);
+static int pixpaper_connector_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector);
+
+struct pixpaper_panel {
+ struct drm_device drm;
+ struct drm_plane plane;
+ struct drm_crtc crtc;
+ struct drm_encoder encoder;
+ struct drm_connector connector;
+
+ struct spi_device *spi;
+ struct gpio_desc *reset;
+ struct gpio_desc *busy;
+ struct gpio_desc *dc;
+};
+
+static const struct drm_plane_funcs pixpaper_plane_funcs = {
+ .update_plane = drm_atomic_helper_update_plane,
+ .disable_plane = drm_atomic_helper_disable_plane,
+ .destroy = drm_plane_cleanup,
+ DRM_GEM_SHADOW_PLANE_FUNCS,
+};
+
+static const struct drm_plane_helper_funcs pixpaper_plane_helper_funcs = {
+ DRM_GEM_SHADOW_PLANE_HELPER_FUNCS,
+ .atomic_check = pixpaper_plane_helper_atomic_check,
+ .atomic_update = pixpaper_plane_atomic_update,
+};
+
+static const struct drm_crtc_funcs pixpaper_crtc_funcs = {
+ .set_config = drm_atomic_helper_set_config,
+ .page_flip = drm_atomic_helper_page_flip,
+ .reset = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_reset,
+ .destroy = drm_crtc_cleanup,
+ .atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_duplicate_state,
+ .atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_destroy_state,
+};
+
+static const struct drm_crtc_helper_funcs pixpaper_crtc_helper_funcs = {
+ .atomic_check = pixpaper_crtc_helper_atomic_check,
+ .atomic_enable = pixpaper_crtc_atomic_enable,
+ .atomic_disable = pixpaper_crtc_atomic_disable,
+};
+
+static const struct drm_encoder_funcs pixpaper_encoder_funcs = {
+ .destroy = drm_encoder_cleanup,
+};
+
+static const struct drm_connector_funcs pixpaper_connector_funcs = {
+ .reset = drm_atomic_helper_connector_reset,
+ .fill_modes = drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes,
+ .destroy = drm_connector_cleanup,
+ .atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_duplicate_state,
+ .atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_destroy_state,
+};
+
+static const struct drm_connector_helper_funcs pixpaper_connector_helper_funcs = {
+ .get_modes = pixpaper_connector_get_modes,
+};
+
+static int pixpaper_plane_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_plane *plane,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state)
+{
+ struct drm_plane_state *new_plane_state = drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state(state, plane);
+ struct drm_crtc *new_crtc = new_plane_state->crtc;
+ struct drm_crtc_state *new_crtc_state = NULL;
+ int ret;
+
+ if (new_crtc)
+ new_crtc_state = drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state(state, new_crtc);
+
+ ret = drm_atomic_helper_check_plane_state(new_plane_state, new_crtc_state,
+ DRM_PLANE_NO_SCALING,
+ DRM_PLANE_NO_SCALING,
+ false, false);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ else if (!new_plane_state->visible)
+ return 0;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int pixpaper_crtc_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state)
+{
+ struct drm_crtc_state *crtc_state = drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state(state, crtc);
+
+ if (!crtc_state->enable)
+ return 0;
+
+ return drm_atomic_helper_check_crtc_primary_plane(crtc_state);
+}
+
+static void pixpaper_wait_busy(struct pixpaper_panel *panel)
+{
+ unsigned int delay_us = 1000;
+
+ usleep_range(delay_us, delay_us + 500);
+ while (true)
+ if (gpiod_get_value_cansleep(panel->busy) == 1)
+ break;
+}
+
+static int pixpaper_spi_sync(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *msg)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = spi_sync(spi, msg);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ dev_err(&spi->dev, "SPI sync failed: %d\n", ret);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int pixpaper_send_cmd(struct pixpaper_panel *panel, u8 cmd)
+{
+ struct spi_transfer xfer = {
+ .tx_buf = &cmd,
+ .len = 1,
+ };
+ struct spi_message msg;
+ int ret;
+
+ spi_message_init(&msg);
+ spi_message_add_tail(&xfer, &msg);
+
+ gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->dc, 0);
+ usleep_range(1, 5);
+ ret = pixpaper_spi_sync(panel->spi, &msg);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int pixpaper_send_data(struct pixpaper_panel *panel, u8 data)
+{
+ struct spi_transfer xfer = {
+ .tx_buf = &data,
+ .len = 1,
+ };
+ struct spi_message msg;
+ int ret;
+
+ spi_message_init(&msg);
+ spi_message_add_tail(&xfer, &msg);
+
+ gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->dc, 1);
+ usleep_range(1, 5);
+ ret = pixpaper_spi_sync(panel->spi, &msg);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int pixpaper_panel_hw_init(struct pixpaper_panel *panel)
+{
+ struct device *dev = &panel->spi->dev;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ dev_info(dev, "%s: Starting hardware initialization\n", __func__);
+
+ gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->reset, 0);
+ msleep(50);
+ gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->reset, 1);
+ msleep(50);
+
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+ dev_info(dev, "Hardware reset complete, panel idle.\n");
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_4D);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x78);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_PANEL_SETTING);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0F);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x09);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SETTING);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x07);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x78);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0A);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF_SEQUENCE);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x10);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x54);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x44);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_BOOSTER_SOFT_START);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0F);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0A);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x2F);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x25);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x2E);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x21);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_PLL_CONTROL);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x02);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_TEMP_SENSOR_CALIB);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_VCOM_INTERVAL);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x37);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_TCON_SETTING);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x02);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x02);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_RESOLUTION_SETTING);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x80);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0xFA);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_GATE_SOURCE_START);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_AUTO_MEASURE_VCOM);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x1C);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SAVING);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_CASCADE_SETTING);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B4);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0xD0);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B5);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x03);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_E9);
+ ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x01);
+ if (ret)
+ goto init_fail;
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ dev_info(dev, "%s: Hardware initialization successful\n", __func__);
+ return 0;
+
+init_fail:
+ dev_err(dev, "%s: Hardware initialization failed (err=%d)\n", __func__,
+ ret);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_enable(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state)
+{
+ struct pixpaper_panel *panel =
+ container_of(crtc, struct pixpaper_panel, crtc);
+ struct drm_device *drm = &panel->drm;
+ int ret;
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "%s: Enabling pipe\n", __func__);
+
+ ret = pixpaper_panel_hw_init(panel);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(drm->dev, "Panel HW Init failed during enable: %d\n",
+ ret);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Sending Power ON (PON)\n");
+ ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_ON);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(drm->dev, "Failed to send PON command: %d\n", ret);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ usleep_range(10000, 11000);
+
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Panel enabled and powered on\n");
+}
+
+static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_disable(struct drm_crtc *crtc,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state)
+{
+ struct pixpaper_panel *panel =
+ container_of(crtc, struct pixpaper_panel, crtc);
+ struct drm_device *drm = &panel->drm;
+ int ret;
+
+ dev_dbg(drm->dev, "%s: Disabling pipe\n", __func__);
+
+ ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF);
+ if (!ret) {
+ usleep_range(10000, 11000);
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+ } else {
+ dev_warn(drm->dev, "Failed to send POF command: %d\n", ret);
+ }
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Panel disabled\n");
+}
+
+static u8 pack_pixels_to_byte(u32 *src_pixels, int i, int j,
+ struct drm_framebuffer *fb)
+{
+ u8 packed_byte = 0;
+ int k;
+
+ for (k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
+ int current_pixel_x = j * 4 + k;
+ u8 two_bit_val;
+
+ if (current_pixel_x < PIXPAPER_WIDTH) {
+ u32 pixel_offset =
+ (i * (fb->pitches[0] / 4)) + current_pixel_x;
+ u32 pixel = src_pixels[pixel_offset];
+ u32 r = (pixel >> 16) & 0xFF;
+ u32 g = (pixel >> 8) & 0xFF;
+ u32 b = pixel & 0xFF;
+ u32 gray_val =
+ (r * 299 + g * 587 + b * 114 + 500) / 1000;
+
+ if (gray_val < 64)
+ two_bit_val = 0b00;
+ else if (gray_val < 128)
+ two_bit_val = 0b01;
+ else if (gray_val < 192)
+ two_bit_val = 0b10;
+ else
+ two_bit_val = 0b11;
+ } else {
+ two_bit_val = 0b11;
+ }
+
+ packed_byte |= two_bit_val << ((3 - k) * 2);
+ }
+
+ return packed_byte;
+}
+
+static void pixpaper_plane_atomic_update(struct drm_plane *plane,
+ struct drm_atomic_state *state)
+{
+ struct drm_plane_state *plane_state =
+ drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state(state, plane);
+ struct drm_shadow_plane_state *shadow_plane_state = to_drm_shadow_plane_state(plane_state);
+ struct drm_crtc *crtc = plane_state->crtc;
+ struct pixpaper_panel *panel =
+ container_of(crtc, struct pixpaper_panel, crtc);
+
+ struct drm_device *drm = &panel->drm;
+ struct drm_framebuffer *fb = plane_state->fb;
+ struct iosys_map map = shadow_plane_state->data[0];
+ void *vaddr = map.vaddr;
+ int i, j, ret = 0;
+ u32 *src_pixels = NULL;
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Starting frame update (phys=%dx%d, buf_w=%d)\n",
+ PIXPAPER_WIDTH, PIXPAPER_HEIGHT, PANEL_BUFFER_WIDTH);
+
+ if (!fb || !plane_state->visible) {
+ dev_err(drm->dev,
+ "No framebuffer or plane not visible, skipping update\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(drm->dev, "Failed to vmap dma_buf\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ src_pixels = (u32 *)vaddr;
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Sending DTM command\n");
+ ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_DATA_START_TRANSMISSION);
+ if (ret)
+ goto update_cleanup;
+
+ usleep_range(10000, 11000);
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev,
+ "Panel idle after DTM command, starting data batch send.\n");
+
+ for (i = 0; i < PIXPAPER_HEIGHT; i++) {
+ for (j = 0; j < PANEL_BUFFER_TWO_BYTES_PER_ROW; j++) {
+ u8 packed_byte =
+ pack_pixels_to_byte(src_pixels, i, j, fb);
+
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+ pixpaper_send_data(panel, packed_byte);
+ }
+ }
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Sending PON + 0x00 before DRF\n");
+ ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_ON);
+ if (ret)
+ goto update_cleanup;
+ ret = pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(drm->dev,
+ "Failed sending data after PON-before-DRF: %d\n", ret);
+ goto update_cleanup;
+ }
+ usleep_range(10000, 11000);
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Triggering display refresh (DRF)\n");
+ ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_DISPLAY_REFRESH);
+ if (ret)
+ goto update_cleanup;
+ ret = pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00);
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(drm->dev, "Failed sending data after DRF: %d\n", ret);
+ goto update_cleanup;
+ }
+ usleep_range(10000, 11000);
+ pixpaper_wait_busy(panel);
+
+ dev_info(drm->dev, "Frame update completed and refresh triggered\n");
+
+update_cleanup:
+ if (ret && ret != -ETIMEDOUT)
+ dev_err(drm->dev,
+ "Frame update function failed with error %d\n", ret);
+}
+
+static int pixpaper_connector_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector)
+{
+ struct drm_display_mode *mode;
+
+ dev_info(connector->dev->dev, "%s: CALLED for connector %s (id: %d)\n",
+ __func__, connector->name, connector->base.id);
+
+ mode = drm_mode_create(connector->dev);
+ if (!mode) {
+ DRM_ERROR("Failed to create mode for connector %s\n",
+ connector->name);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ mode->hdisplay = PIXPAPER_WIDTH;
+ mode->vdisplay = PIXPAPER_HEIGHT;
+
+ mode->htotal = mode->hdisplay + 80;
+ mode->hsync_start = mode->hdisplay + 8;
+ mode->hsync_end = mode->hdisplay + 8 + 32;
+ mode->vtotal = mode->vdisplay + 10;
+ mode->vsync_start = mode->vdisplay + 2;
+ mode->vsync_end = mode->vdisplay + 2 + 2;
+
+ mode->clock = 6000;
+
+ mode->type = DRM_MODE_TYPE_DRIVER | DRM_MODE_TYPE_PREFERRED;
+ drm_mode_set_name(mode);
+
+ if (drm_mode_validate_size(mode, connector->dev->mode_config.max_width,
+ connector->dev->mode_config.max_height) !=
+ MODE_OK) {
+ DRM_WARN("%s: Mode %s (%dx%d) failed size validation against max %dx%d\n",
+ __func__, mode->name, mode->hdisplay, mode->vdisplay,
+ connector->dev->mode_config.max_width,
+ connector->dev->mode_config.max_height);
+ drm_mode_destroy(connector->dev, mode);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ drm_mode_probed_add(connector, mode);
+ dev_info(connector->dev->dev,
+ "%s: Added mode '%s' (%dx%d@%d) to connector %s\n", __func__,
+ mode->name, mode->hdisplay, mode->vdisplay,
+ drm_mode_vrefresh(mode), connector->name);
+
+ connector->display_info.width_mm = 30;
+ connector->display_info.height_mm = 47;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+DEFINE_DRM_GEM_DMA_FOPS(pixpaper_fops);
+
+static struct drm_driver pixpaper_drm_driver = {
+ .driver_features = DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_MODESET | DRIVER_ATOMIC,
+ .fops = &pixpaper_fops,
+ .name = "pixpaper",
+ .desc = "DRM driver for PIXPAPER e-ink",
+ .major = 1,
+ .minor = 0,
+ DRM_GEM_DMA_DRIVER_OPS_VMAP,
+ DRM_FBDEV_DMA_DRIVER_OPS,
+};
+
+static int pixpaper_mode_valid(struct drm_device *dev,
+ const struct drm_display_mode *mode)
+{
+ if (mode->hdisplay == PIXPAPER_WIDTH &&
+ mode->vdisplay == PIXPAPER_HEIGHT) {
+ return MODE_OK;
+ }
+ dev_dbg(dev->dev, "Rejecting mode %dx%d (supports only %dx%d)\n",
+ mode->hdisplay, mode->vdisplay, PIXPAPER_WIDTH,
+ PIXPAPER_HEIGHT);
+ return MODE_BAD;
+}
+
+static const struct drm_mode_config_funcs pixpaper_mode_config_funcs = {
+ .fb_create = drm_gem_fb_create_with_dirty,
+ .mode_valid = pixpaper_mode_valid,
+ .atomic_check = drm_atomic_helper_check,
+ .atomic_commit = drm_atomic_helper_commit,
+};
+
+static int pixpaper_probe(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+ struct device *dev = &spi->dev;
+ struct pixpaper_panel *panel;
+ struct drm_device *drm;
+ int ret;
+
+ dev_info(dev, "Probing PIXPAPER panel driver\n");
+
+ panel = devm_drm_dev_alloc(dev, &pixpaper_drm_driver,
+ struct pixpaper_panel, drm);
+ if (IS_ERR(panel)) {
+ ret = PTR_ERR(panel);
+ dev_err(dev, "Failed to allocate DRM device: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+ drm = &panel->drm;
+ panel->spi = spi;
+ spi_set_drvdata(spi, panel);
+
+ spi->mode = SPI_MODE_0;
+ spi->bits_per_word = 8;
+
+ if (!spi->max_speed_hz) {
+ dev_warn(dev, "spi-max-frequency not specified in DT, using default %u Hz\n",
+ PIXPAPER_SPI_SPEED_DEFAULT);
+ spi->max_speed_hz = PIXPAPER_SPI_SPEED_DEFAULT;
+ } else {
+ dev_info(dev, "Using spi-max-frequency from DT: %u Hz\n",
+ spi->max_speed_hz);
+ }
+
+ ret = spi_setup(spi);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ dev_err(dev, "SPI setup failed: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+ dev_info(dev, "SPI setup OK (mode=%d, speed=%u Hz, bpw=%d)\n",
+ spi->mode, spi->max_speed_hz, spi->bits_per_word);
+
+ if (!dev->dma_mask)
+ dev->dma_mask = &dev->coherent_dma_mask;
+ ret = dma_set_mask_and_coherent(dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32));
+ if (ret) {
+ dev_err(dev, "Failed to set DMA mask: %d\n", ret);
+ return ret;
+ }
+ dev_dbg(dev, "DMA mask set\n");
+
+ panel->reset = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+ if (IS_ERR(panel->reset))
+ return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(panel->reset),
+ "Failed to get 'reset' GPIO\n");
+ panel->busy = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "busy", GPIOD_IN);
+ if (IS_ERR(panel->busy))
+ return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(panel->busy),
+ "Failed to get 'busy' GPIO\n");
+ panel->dc = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "dc", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+ if (IS_ERR(panel->dc))
+ return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(panel->dc),
+ "Failed to get 'dc' GPIO\n");
+ dev_info(dev, "All required GPIOs obtained successfully.\n");
+
+ ret = drmm_mode_config_init(drm);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ drm->mode_config.funcs = &pixpaper_mode_config_funcs;
+ drm->mode_config.min_width = PIXPAPER_WIDTH;
+ drm->mode_config.max_width = PIXPAPER_WIDTH;
+ drm->mode_config.min_height = PIXPAPER_HEIGHT;
+ drm->mode_config.max_height = PIXPAPER_HEIGHT;
+
+ ret = drm_universal_plane_init(drm, &panel->plane, 1, &pixpaper_plane_funcs,
+ (const uint32_t[]){ DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888 }, 1, NULL,
+ DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY, NULL);
+ drm_plane_enable_fb_damage_clips(&panel->plane);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ drm_plane_helper_add(&panel->plane, &pixpaper_plane_helper_funcs);
+
+ ret = drm_crtc_init_with_planes(drm, &panel->crtc, &panel->plane, NULL,
+ &pixpaper_crtc_funcs, NULL);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ drm_crtc_helper_add(&panel->crtc, &pixpaper_crtc_helper_funcs);
+
+ ret = drm_encoder_init(drm, &panel->encoder, &pixpaper_encoder_funcs,
+ DRM_MODE_ENCODER_DAC, NULL);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+ panel->encoder.possible_crtcs = drm_crtc_mask(&panel->crtc);
+
+ ret = drm_connector_init(drm, &panel->connector,
+ &pixpaper_connector_funcs,
+ DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_SPI);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ drm_connector_helper_add(&panel->connector,
+ &pixpaper_connector_helper_funcs);
+ drm_connector_attach_encoder(&panel->connector, &panel->encoder);
+
+ drm_mode_config_reset(drm);
+
+ ret = drm_dev_register(drm, 0);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ drm_client_setup(drm, NULL);
+
+ dev_info(dev, "Initialized PIXPAPER panel driver successfully\n");
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void pixpaper_remove(struct spi_device *spi)
+{
+ struct pixpaper_panel *panel = spi_get_drvdata(spi);
+
+ if (!panel)
+ return;
+
+ dev_info(&spi->dev, "Removing PIXPAPER panel driver\n");
+
+ drm_dev_unplug(&panel->drm);
+ drm_atomic_helper_shutdown(&panel->drm);
+}
+
+static const struct spi_device_id pixpaper_ids[] = { { "pixpaper", 0 }, {} };
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(spi, pixpaper_ids);
+
+static const struct of_device_id pixpaper_dt_ids[] = {
+ { .compatible = "mayqueen,pixpaper" },
+ {}
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, pixpaper_dt_ids);
+
+static struct spi_driver pixpaper_spi_driver = {
+ .driver = {
+ .name = "pixpaper",
+ .of_match_table = pixpaper_dt_ids,
+ },
+ .id_table = pixpaper_ids,
+ .probe = pixpaper_probe,
+ .remove = pixpaper_remove,
+};
+
+module_spi_driver(pixpaper_spi_driver);
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("LiangCheng Wang");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DRM SPI driver for PIXPAPER e-ink panel");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
--
2.34.1
Hi Am 14.07.25 um 04:59 schrieb LiangCheng Wang: > Introduce a DRM driver for the Mayqueen Pixpaper e-ink display panel, > which is controlled via SPI. The driver supports a 122x250 resolution > display with XRGB8888 format. > > Also, add a MAINTAINERS entry for the Pixpaper driver. > > Signed-off-by: LiangCheng Wang <zaq14760@gmail.com> > --- > MAINTAINERS | 6 + > drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig | 15 + > drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile | 1 + > drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c | 777 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ > 4 files changed, 799 insertions(+) > > diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS > index fad6cb025a1918beec113b576cf28b76151745ef..0613f32ef8a702e508c9a2e51853f8fe6a38ba42 100644 > --- a/MAINTAINERS > +++ b/MAINTAINERS > @@ -7756,6 +7756,12 @@ T: git https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/misc/kernel.git > F: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/repaper.txt > F: drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/repaper.c > > +DRM DRIVER FOR PIXPAPER E-INK PANEL > +M: LiangCheng Wang <zaq14760@gmail.com> > +S: Maintained > +F: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/mayqueen,pixpaper.yaml > +F: drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c > + > DRM DRIVER FOR QEMU'S CIRRUS DEVICE > M: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> > M: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com> > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig > index 06e54694a7f2fe1649e1886f039926b24f698e0d..f9b814e87348cad1946dd5e2ff54d304100ef264 100644 > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Kconfig > @@ -164,6 +164,21 @@ config TINYDRM_MI0283QT > DRM driver for the Multi-Inno MI0283QT display panel > If M is selected the module will be called mi0283qt. > > +config TINYDRM_PIXPAPER We don't use the TINYDRM_ prefix any longer. Just call it DRM_PIXPAPER. > + tristate "DRM support for PIXPAPER display panels" > + depends on DRM && SPI > + select DRM_CLIENT_SELECTION > + select DRM_KMS_HELPER > + select DRM_GEM_DMA_HELPER Alphabetical sorting please. > + help > + DRM driver for the Mayqueen Pixpaper e-ink display panel. > + > + This driver supports small e-paper displays connected over SPI, > + with a resolution of 122x250 and XRGB8888 framebuffer format. > + It is intended for low-power embedded applications. > + > + If M is selected, the module will be built as pixpaper.ko. > + > config TINYDRM_REPAPER > tristate "DRM support for Pervasive Displays RePaper panels (V231)" > depends on DRM && SPI > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile > index 4a9ff61ec25420e2c0a648c04eaab7ca25dd5407..40d613b57f5ee990dbf170d69939a39546be21b7 100644 > --- a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/Makefile > @@ -12,5 +12,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_ILI9225) += ili9225.o > obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_ILI9341) += ili9341.o > obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_ILI9486) += ili9486.o > obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_MI0283QT) += mi0283qt.o > +obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_PIXPAPER) += pixpaper.o > obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_REPAPER) += repaper.o > obj-$(CONFIG_TINYDRM_SHARP_MEMORY) += sharp-memory.o > diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c > new file mode 100644 > index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f134cacbb3d2b2792b94fc37cddb0b264348f192 > --- /dev/null > +++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/tiny/pixpaper.c > @@ -0,0 +1,777 @@ > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 > +/* > + * DRM driver for PIXPAPER e-ink panel > + * > + * Author: LiangCheng Wang <zaq14760@gmail.com>, > + */ > +#include <drm/clients/drm_client_setup.h> > + Blank line before this include, not after. > +#include <drm/drm_atomic.h> > +#include <drm/drm_atomic_helper.h> > +#include <drm/drm_drv.h> > +#include <drm/drm_fbdev_dma.h> > +#include <drm/drm_framebuffer.h> > +#include <drm/drm_gem_atomic_helper.h> > +#include <drm/drm_gem_dma_helper.h> > +#include <drm/drm_gem_framebuffer_helper.h> > +#include <drm/drm_probe_helper.h> > + > +#include <linux/delay.h> > +#include <linux/module.h> > +#include <linux/spi/spi.h> The <linux/> includes go before the <drm/> ones. > + > +MODULE_IMPORT_NS("DMA_BUF"); > + > +#define PIXPAPER_WIDTH 122 > +#define PIXPAPER_HEIGHT 250 > + > +#define PANEL_BUFFER_WIDTH 128 > +#define PANEL_BUFFER_TWO_BYTES_PER_ROW (PANEL_BUFFER_WIDTH / 4) > + > +#define PIXPAPER_SPI_SPEED_DEFAULT 1000000 > + > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_PANEL_SETTING 0x00 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SETTING 0x01 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF 0x02 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF_SEQUENCE 0x03 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_ON 0x04 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_BOOSTER_SOFT_START 0x06 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_DEEP_SLEEP 0x07 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_DATA_START_TRANSMISSION 0x10 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_DISPLAY_REFRESH 0x12 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_PLL_CONTROL 0x30 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_TEMP_SENSOR_CALIB 0x41 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_4D 0x4D > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_VCOM_INTERVAL 0x50 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_TCON_SETTING 0x60 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_RESOLUTION_SETTING 0x61 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_GATE_SOURCE_START 0x65 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B4 0xB4 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B5 0xB5 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_CASCADE_SETTING 0xE0 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SAVING 0xE3 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_AUTO_MEASURE_VCOM 0xE7 > +#define PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_E9 0xE9 > + > +static int pixpaper_crtc_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_crtc *crtc, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state); > +static int pixpaper_plane_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_plane *plane, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state); > +static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_enable(struct drm_crtc *crtc, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state); > +static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_disable(struct drm_crtc *crtc, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state); > +static void pixpaper_plane_atomic_update(struct drm_plane *plane, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state); > +static int pixpaper_connector_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector); Please don't declare those functions. Interleave the implementation with the structs that use them. > + > +struct pixpaper_panel { > + struct drm_device drm; > + struct drm_plane plane; > + struct drm_crtc crtc; > + struct drm_encoder encoder; > + struct drm_connector connector; > + > + struct spi_device *spi; > + struct gpio_desc *reset; > + struct gpio_desc *busy; > + struct gpio_desc *dc; > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_plane_funcs pixpaper_plane_funcs = { > + .update_plane = drm_atomic_helper_update_plane, > + .disable_plane = drm_atomic_helper_disable_plane, > + .destroy = drm_plane_cleanup, > + DRM_GEM_SHADOW_PLANE_FUNCS, > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_plane_helper_funcs pixpaper_plane_helper_funcs = { > + DRM_GEM_SHADOW_PLANE_HELPER_FUNCS, > + .atomic_check = pixpaper_plane_helper_atomic_check, > + .atomic_update = pixpaper_plane_atomic_update, For example, these functions should be implemented right before declaring the global variable; same goes for the others. > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_crtc_funcs pixpaper_crtc_funcs = { > + .set_config = drm_atomic_helper_set_config, > + .page_flip = drm_atomic_helper_page_flip, > + .reset = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_reset, > + .destroy = drm_crtc_cleanup, > + .atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_duplicate_state, > + .atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_crtc_destroy_state, > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_crtc_helper_funcs pixpaper_crtc_helper_funcs = { > + .atomic_check = pixpaper_crtc_helper_atomic_check, > + .atomic_enable = pixpaper_crtc_atomic_enable, > + .atomic_disable = pixpaper_crtc_atomic_disable, > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_encoder_funcs pixpaper_encoder_funcs = { > + .destroy = drm_encoder_cleanup, > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_connector_funcs pixpaper_connector_funcs = { > + .reset = drm_atomic_helper_connector_reset, > + .fill_modes = drm_helper_probe_single_connector_modes, > + .destroy = drm_connector_cleanup, > + .atomic_duplicate_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_duplicate_state, > + .atomic_destroy_state = drm_atomic_helper_connector_destroy_state, > +}; > + > +static const struct drm_connector_helper_funcs pixpaper_connector_helper_funcs = { > + .get_modes = pixpaper_connector_get_modes, > +}; > + > +static int pixpaper_plane_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_plane *plane, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state) > +{ > + struct drm_plane_state *new_plane_state = drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state(state, plane); > + struct drm_crtc *new_crtc = new_plane_state->crtc; > + struct drm_crtc_state *new_crtc_state = NULL; > + int ret; > + > + if (new_crtc) > + new_crtc_state = drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state(state, new_crtc); > + > + ret = drm_atomic_helper_check_plane_state(new_plane_state, new_crtc_state, > + DRM_PLANE_NO_SCALING, > + DRM_PLANE_NO_SCALING, > + false, false); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + else if (!new_plane_state->visible) > + return 0; > + > + return 0; > +} > + > +static int pixpaper_crtc_helper_atomic_check(struct drm_crtc *crtc, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state) > +{ > + struct drm_crtc_state *crtc_state = drm_atomic_get_new_crtc_state(state, crtc); > + > + if (!crtc_state->enable) > + return 0; > + > + return drm_atomic_helper_check_crtc_primary_plane(crtc_state); > +} > + > +static void pixpaper_wait_busy(struct pixpaper_panel *panel) > +{ > + unsigned int delay_us = 1000; > + > + usleep_range(delay_us, delay_us + 500); > + while (true) > + if (gpiod_get_value_cansleep(panel->busy) == 1) > + break; > +} This function should eventually time out. > + > +static int pixpaper_spi_sync(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *msg) > +{ > + int ret; > + > + ret = spi_sync(spi, msg); > + if (ret < 0) > + dev_err(&spi->dev, "SPI sync failed: %d\n", ret); Please use DRM's error reporting. dev_err() becomes drm_err(), dev_dbg() becomes drm_dbg(). Further below is WARN_ON(), which should become drm_WARN_ON(). Here and everwhere else in the driver. The only exception is in places where you don't have a DRM device yet, sch as early device probing. > + > + return ret; > +} > + > +static int pixpaper_send_cmd(struct pixpaper_panel *panel, u8 cmd) > +{ > + struct spi_transfer xfer = { > + .tx_buf = &cmd, > + .len = 1, > + }; > + struct spi_message msg; > + int ret; > + > + spi_message_init(&msg); > + spi_message_add_tail(&xfer, &msg); > + > + gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->dc, 0); > + usleep_range(1, 5); > + ret = pixpaper_spi_sync(panel->spi, &msg); > + > + return ret; > +} > + > +static int pixpaper_send_data(struct pixpaper_panel *panel, u8 data) > +{ > + struct spi_transfer xfer = { > + .tx_buf = &data, > + .len = 1, > + }; > + struct spi_message msg; > + int ret; > + > + spi_message_init(&msg); > + spi_message_add_tail(&xfer, &msg); > + > + gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->dc, 1); > + usleep_range(1, 5); > + ret = pixpaper_spi_sync(panel->spi, &msg); > + > + return ret; > +} > + > +static int pixpaper_panel_hw_init(struct pixpaper_panel *panel) > +{ > + struct device *dev = &panel->spi->dev; > + int ret = 0; > + > + dev_info(dev, "%s: Starting hardware initialization\n", __func__); > + > + gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->reset, 0); > + msleep(50); > + gpiod_set_value_cansleep(panel->reset, 1); > + msleep(50); > + > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + dev_info(dev, "Hardware reset complete, panel idle.\n"); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_4D); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x78); This error handling isn't working. Your code OR's multiple errno codes and the result will have a different meaning. The easiest way to avoid excessive error checking is to add an error context as final parameter, like this struct pixpaper_error_ctx { int errno_code; }; pixpaper_spi_sync(..., pixpaper_error_ctx *err) { if (err->errno_code) return; ret = spi_sync(...) if (ret) err->errno_code = ret; } send_cmd(..., pix_error_ctx *err) { pixppaper_spi_sync(..., err); } send_data(..., pix_error_ctx *err) { pixppaper_spi_sync(..., err); } int my_pixpaper_driver_func() { sturct pixpaper_error_ctx = {} send_cmd(..., &err); send_data(..., &err); send_data(..., &err); send_data(..., &err); send_cmd(..., &err); send_data(..., &err); send_data(..., &err); send_data(..., &err); if (err->errno_code) return errno_code return 0; } This pushes error handling down into the call tree and you only have to test for the final result. > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); And you can extend other functions, such as pixpaper_wait_busy(), with the error context. Integrates them with the rest of the I/O code. > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_PANEL_SETTING); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0F); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x09); There are *a lot* of magic values in this function. Please document the meaning of these. > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SETTING); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x07); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x78); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0A); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF_SEQUENCE); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x10); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x54); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x44); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_BOOSTER_SOFT_START); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0F); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x0A); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x2F); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x25); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x2E); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x21); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_PLL_CONTROL); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x02); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_TEMP_SENSOR_CALIB); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_VCOM_INTERVAL); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x37); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_TCON_SETTING); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x02); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x02); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_RESOLUTION_SETTING); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x80); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0xFA); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_GATE_SOURCE_START); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_AUTO_MEASURE_VCOM); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x1C); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_SAVING); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x22); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_CASCADE_SETTING); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B4); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0xD0); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_B5); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x03); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + ret |= pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_UNKNOWN_E9); > + ret |= pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x01); > + if (ret) > + goto init_fail; > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + dev_info(dev, "%s: Hardware initialization successful\n", __func__); Never print this type of status messages. If nothing exceptional happens, you driver should be quite. At most, use drm_dbg() here. > + return 0; > + > +init_fail: > + dev_err(dev, "%s: Hardware initialization failed (err=%d)\n", __func__, > + ret); Error messages are OK, but don't include the function name. > + return ret; > +} > + > +static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_enable(struct drm_crtc *crtc, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state) > +{ > + struct pixpaper_panel *panel = > + container_of(crtc, struct pixpaper_panel, crtc); Instead of semi-manual upcast, please write a helper that upcasts from struct drm_device struct pixpaper_panel *to_pixpaper_panel(struct drm_device *drm) { return container_of(drm, struct pixpaper_panel, drm); } and call it with the CRTC's device to_pixpaper_panel(crtc->dev); > + struct drm_device *drm = &panel->drm; > + int ret; > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "%s: Enabling pipe\n", __func__); Same here. The driver should just be quite. > + > + ret = pixpaper_panel_hw_init(panel); Do you really need a full hardware init for an atomic_enable? You should rather do this during device probing. > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(drm->dev, "Panel HW Init failed during enable: %d\n", > + ret); > + return; > + } > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Sending Power ON (PON)\n"); > + ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_ON); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(drm->dev, "Failed to send PON command: %d\n", ret); > + return; > + } > + > + usleep_range(10000, 11000); > + > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Panel enabled and powered on\n"); > +} > + > +static void pixpaper_crtc_atomic_disable(struct drm_crtc *crtc, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state) > +{ > + struct pixpaper_panel *panel = > + container_of(crtc, struct pixpaper_panel, crtc); > + struct drm_device *drm = &panel->drm; > + int ret; > + > + dev_dbg(drm->dev, "%s: Disabling pipe\n", __func__); > + > + ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_OFF); > + if (!ret) { > + usleep_range(10000, 11000); > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + } else { > + dev_warn(drm->dev, "Failed to send POF command: %d\n", ret); > + } > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Panel disabled\n"); > +} > + > +static u8 pack_pixels_to_byte(u32 *src_pixels, int i, int j, > + struct drm_framebuffer *fb) > +{ > + u8 packed_byte = 0; > + int k; > + > + for (k = 0; k < 4; k++) { > + int current_pixel_x = j * 4 + k; > + u8 two_bit_val; > + > + if (current_pixel_x < PIXPAPER_WIDTH) { > + u32 pixel_offset = > + (i * (fb->pitches[0] / 4)) + current_pixel_x; > + u32 pixel = src_pixels[pixel_offset]; > + u32 r = (pixel >> 16) & 0xFF; > + u32 g = (pixel >> 8) & 0xFF; > + u32 b = pixel & 0xFF; > + u32 gray_val = > + (r * 299 + g * 587 + b * 114 + 500) / 1000; > + > + if (gray_val < 64) > + two_bit_val = 0b00; > + else if (gray_val < 128) > + two_bit_val = 0b01; > + else if (gray_val < 192) > + two_bit_val = 0b10; > + else > + two_bit_val = 0b11; > + } else { > + two_bit_val = 0b11; > + } > + > + packed_byte |= two_bit_val << ((3 - k) * 2); > + } > + > + return packed_byte; > +} > + > +static void pixpaper_plane_atomic_update(struct drm_plane *plane, > + struct drm_atomic_state *state) > +{ > + struct drm_plane_state *plane_state = > + drm_atomic_get_new_plane_state(state, plane); > + struct drm_shadow_plane_state *shadow_plane_state = to_drm_shadow_plane_state(plane_state); > + struct drm_crtc *crtc = plane_state->crtc; > + struct pixpaper_panel *panel = > + container_of(crtc, struct pixpaper_panel, crtc); > + > + struct drm_device *drm = &panel->drm; > + struct drm_framebuffer *fb = plane_state->fb; > + struct iosys_map map = shadow_plane_state->data[0]; > + void *vaddr = map.vaddr; > + int i, j, ret = 0; > + u32 *src_pixels = NULL; > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Starting frame update (phys=%dx%d, buf_w=%d)\n", > + PIXPAPER_WIDTH, PIXPAPER_HEIGHT, PANEL_BUFFER_WIDTH); Remove all these info statements please. At most, they should be drm_dbg(). > + > + if (!fb || !plane_state->visible) { > + dev_err(drm->dev, > + "No framebuffer or plane not visible, skipping update\n"); > + return; > + } > + > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(drm->dev, "Failed to vmap dma_buf\n"); > + return; > + } > + > + src_pixels = (u32 *)vaddr; > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Sending DTM command\n"); > + ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_DATA_START_TRANSMISSION); > + if (ret) > + goto update_cleanup; > + > + usleep_range(10000, 11000); > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); That driver does quite a bit of waiting. Is that really necessary or in case? > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, > + "Panel idle after DTM command, starting data batch send.\n"); > + > + for (i = 0; i < PIXPAPER_HEIGHT; i++) { > + for (j = 0; j < PANEL_BUFFER_TWO_BYTES_PER_ROW; j++) { > + u8 packed_byte = > + pack_pixels_to_byte(src_pixels, i, j, fb); > + > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + pixpaper_send_data(panel, packed_byte); > + } > + } You're updating the full display AFAICT. That's not optimal, but OK if the hardware can't do better. > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Sending PON + 0x00 before DRF\n"); > + ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_POWER_ON); > + if (ret) > + goto update_cleanup; > + ret = pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(drm->dev, > + "Failed sending data after PON-before-DRF: %d\n", ret); > + goto update_cleanup; > + } > + usleep_range(10000, 11000); > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Triggering display refresh (DRF)\n"); > + ret = pixpaper_send_cmd(panel, PIXPAPER_CMD_DISPLAY_REFRESH); > + if (ret) > + goto update_cleanup; > + ret = pixpaper_send_data(panel, 0x00); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(drm->dev, "Failed sending data after DRF: %d\n", ret); > + goto update_cleanup; > + } > + usleep_range(10000, 11000); > + pixpaper_wait_busy(panel); > + > + dev_info(drm->dev, "Frame update completed and refresh triggered\n"); > + > +update_cleanup: > + if (ret && ret != -ETIMEDOUT) > + dev_err(drm->dev, > + "Frame update function failed with error %d\n", ret); > +} > + > +static int pixpaper_connector_get_modes(struct drm_connector *connector) > +{ > + struct drm_display_mode *mode; > + > + dev_info(connector->dev->dev, "%s: CALLED for connector %s (id: %d)\n", > + __func__, connector->name, connector->base.id); > + > + mode = drm_mode_create(connector->dev); > + if (!mode) { > + DRM_ERROR("Failed to create mode for connector %s\n", > + connector->name); > + return 0; > + } > + > + mode->hdisplay = PIXPAPER_WIDTH; > + mode->vdisplay = PIXPAPER_HEIGHT; > + > + mode->htotal = mode->hdisplay + 80; > + mode->hsync_start = mode->hdisplay + 8; > + mode->hsync_end = mode->hdisplay + 8 + 32; > + mode->vtotal = mode->vdisplay + 10; > + mode->vsync_start = mode->vdisplay + 2; > + mode->vsync_end = mode->vdisplay + 2 + 2; > + > + mode->clock = 6000; > + > + mode->type = DRM_MODE_TYPE_DRIVER | DRM_MODE_TYPE_PREFERRED; > + drm_mode_set_name(mode); > + > + if (drm_mode_validate_size(mode, connector->dev->mode_config.max_width, > + connector->dev->mode_config.max_height) != > + MODE_OK) { > + DRM_WARN("%s: Mode %s (%dx%d) failed size validation against max %dx%d\n", > + __func__, mode->name, mode->hdisplay, mode->vdisplay, > + connector->dev->mode_config.max_width, > + connector->dev->mode_config.max_height); > + drm_mode_destroy(connector->dev, mode); > + return 0; > + } > + > + drm_mode_probed_add(connector, mode); > + dev_info(connector->dev->dev, > + "%s: Added mode '%s' (%dx%d@%d) to connector %s\n", __func__, > + mode->name, mode->hdisplay, mode->vdisplay, > + drm_mode_vrefresh(mode), connector->name); > + > + connector->display_info.width_mm = 30; > + connector->display_info.height_mm = 47; > + > + return 1; > +} > + > +DEFINE_DRM_GEM_DMA_FOPS(pixpaper_fops); > + > +static struct drm_driver pixpaper_drm_driver = { > + .driver_features = DRIVER_GEM | DRIVER_MODESET | DRIVER_ATOMIC, > + .fops = &pixpaper_fops, > + .name = "pixpaper", > + .desc = "DRM driver for PIXPAPER e-ink", > + .major = 1, > + .minor = 0, > + DRM_GEM_DMA_DRIVER_OPS_VMAP, > + DRM_FBDEV_DMA_DRIVER_OPS, Is there a specific reason why you need GEM DMA? Since you're hardware doesn't use DMA, GEM SHMEM might be a better choice. > +}; > + > +static int pixpaper_mode_valid(struct drm_device *dev, > + const struct drm_display_mode *mode) > +{ > + if (mode->hdisplay == PIXPAPER_WIDTH && > + mode->vdisplay == PIXPAPER_HEIGHT) { > + return MODE_OK; > + } > + dev_dbg(dev->dev, "Rejecting mode %dx%d (supports only %dx%d)\n", > + mode->hdisplay, mode->vdisplay, PIXPAPER_WIDTH, > + PIXPAPER_HEIGHT); > + return MODE_BAD; > +} > + > +static const struct drm_mode_config_funcs pixpaper_mode_config_funcs = { > + .fb_create = drm_gem_fb_create_with_dirty, > + .mode_valid = pixpaper_mode_valid, > + .atomic_check = drm_atomic_helper_check, > + .atomic_commit = drm_atomic_helper_commit, > +}; > + > +static int pixpaper_probe(struct spi_device *spi) > +{ > + struct device *dev = &spi->dev; > + struct pixpaper_panel *panel; > + struct drm_device *drm; > + int ret; > + > + dev_info(dev, "Probing PIXPAPER panel driver\n"); > + > + panel = devm_drm_dev_alloc(dev, &pixpaper_drm_driver, > + struct pixpaper_panel, drm); > + if (IS_ERR(panel)) { > + ret = PTR_ERR(panel); > + dev_err(dev, "Failed to allocate DRM device: %d\n", ret); > + return ret; > + } > + drm = &panel->drm; > + panel->spi = spi; > + spi_set_drvdata(spi, panel); > + > + spi->mode = SPI_MODE_0; > + spi->bits_per_word = 8; > + > + if (!spi->max_speed_hz) { > + dev_warn(dev, "spi-max-frequency not specified in DT, using default %u Hz\n", > + PIXPAPER_SPI_SPEED_DEFAULT); > + spi->max_speed_hz = PIXPAPER_SPI_SPEED_DEFAULT; > + } else { > + dev_info(dev, "Using spi-max-frequency from DT: %u Hz\n", > + spi->max_speed_hz); > + } > + > + ret = spi_setup(spi); > + if (ret < 0) { > + dev_err(dev, "SPI setup failed: %d\n", ret); > + return ret; > + } > + dev_info(dev, "SPI setup OK (mode=%d, speed=%u Hz, bpw=%d)\n", > + spi->mode, spi->max_speed_hz, spi->bits_per_word); > + > + if (!dev->dma_mask) > + dev->dma_mask = &dev->coherent_dma_mask; > + ret = dma_set_mask_and_coherent(dev, DMA_BIT_MASK(32)); > + if (ret) { > + dev_err(dev, "Failed to set DMA mask: %d\n", ret); > + return ret; > + } > + dev_dbg(dev, "DMA mask set\n"); > + > + panel->reset = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH); > + if (IS_ERR(panel->reset)) > + return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(panel->reset), > + "Failed to get 'reset' GPIO\n"); > + panel->busy = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "busy", GPIOD_IN); > + if (IS_ERR(panel->busy)) > + return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(panel->busy), > + "Failed to get 'busy' GPIO\n"); > + panel->dc = devm_gpiod_get(dev, "dc", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH); > + if (IS_ERR(panel->dc)) > + return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(panel->dc), > + "Failed to get 'dc' GPIO\n"); > + dev_info(dev, "All required GPIOs obtained successfully.\n"); > + > + ret = drmm_mode_config_init(drm); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + drm->mode_config.funcs = &pixpaper_mode_config_funcs; > + drm->mode_config.min_width = PIXPAPER_WIDTH; > + drm->mode_config.max_width = PIXPAPER_WIDTH; > + drm->mode_config.min_height = PIXPAPER_HEIGHT; > + drm->mode_config.max_height = PIXPAPER_HEIGHT; > + > + ret = drm_universal_plane_init(drm, &panel->plane, 1, &pixpaper_plane_funcs, > + (const uint32_t[]){ DRM_FORMAT_XRGB8888 }, 1, NULL, > + DRM_PLANE_TYPE_PRIMARY, NULL); > + drm_plane_enable_fb_damage_clips(&panel->plane); Since the driver always updates the full display anyway, you don't need to enable damage clipping. > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + drm_plane_helper_add(&panel->plane, &pixpaper_plane_helper_funcs); > + > + ret = drm_crtc_init_with_planes(drm, &panel->crtc, &panel->plane, NULL, > + &pixpaper_crtc_funcs, NULL); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + drm_crtc_helper_add(&panel->crtc, &pixpaper_crtc_helper_funcs); > + > + ret = drm_encoder_init(drm, &panel->encoder, &pixpaper_encoder_funcs, > + DRM_MODE_ENCODER_DAC, NULL); ENCODER_DAC is for VGA connectors. Rather use ENCODER_NONE here. > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + panel->encoder.possible_crtcs = drm_crtc_mask(&panel->crtc); > + > + ret = drm_connector_init(drm, &panel->connector, > + &pixpaper_connector_funcs, > + DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_SPI); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + > + drm_connector_helper_add(&panel->connector, > + &pixpaper_connector_helper_funcs); > + drm_connector_attach_encoder(&panel->connector, &panel->encoder); > + > + drm_mode_config_reset(drm); > + > + ret = drm_dev_register(drm, 0); > + if (ret) > + return ret; > + > + drm_client_setup(drm, NULL); > + > + dev_info(dev, "Initialized PIXPAPER panel driver successfully\n"); > + return 0; > +} > + > +static void pixpaper_remove(struct spi_device *spi) > +{ > + struct pixpaper_panel *panel = spi_get_drvdata(spi); > + > + if (!panel) > + return; > + > + dev_info(&spi->dev, "Removing PIXPAPER panel driver\n"); > + > + drm_dev_unplug(&panel->drm); This signals to DRM that the hardware device has been removed. You should put drm_dev_enter() and drm_dev_exit() to the top and bottom of each of the DRM callbacks. The driver will then not try to access the device. Best regards Thomas > + drm_atomic_helper_shutdown(&panel->drm); > +} > + > +static const struct spi_device_id pixpaper_ids[] = { { "pixpaper", 0 }, {} }; > +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(spi, pixpaper_ids); > + > +static const struct of_device_id pixpaper_dt_ids[] = { > + { .compatible = "mayqueen,pixpaper" }, > + {} > +}; > +MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, pixpaper_dt_ids); > + > +static struct spi_driver pixpaper_spi_driver = { > + .driver = { > + .name = "pixpaper", > + .of_match_table = pixpaper_dt_ids, > + }, > + .id_table = pixpaper_ids, > + .probe = pixpaper_probe, > + .remove = pixpaper_remove, > +}; > + > +module_spi_driver(pixpaper_spi_driver); > + > +MODULE_AUTHOR("LiangCheng Wang"); > +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("DRM SPI driver for PIXPAPER e-ink panel"); > +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); > -- -- Thomas Zimmermann Graphics Driver Developer SUSE Software Solutions Germany GmbH Frankenstrasse 146, 90461 Nuernberg, Germany GF: Ivo Totev, Andrew Myers, Andrew McDonald, Boudien Moerman HRB 36809 (AG Nuernberg)
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