Dietmar reported that commit 3840cbe24cf0 ("sched: psi: fix bogus
pressure spikes from aggregation race") caused a regression for him on
a high context switch rate benchmark (schbench) due to the now
repeating cpu_clock() calls.
In particular the problem is that get_recent_times() will extrapolate
the current state to 'now'. But if an update uses a timestamp from
before the start of the update, it is possible to get two reads
with inconsistent results. It is effectively back-dating an update.
(note that this all hard-relies on the clock being synchronized across
CPUs -- if this is not the case, all bets are off).
Combine this problem with the fact that there are per-group-per-cpu
seqcounts, the commit in question pushed the clock read into the group
iteration, causing tree-depth cpu_clock() calls. On architectures
where cpu_clock() has appreciable overhead, this hurts.
Instead move to a per-cpu seqcount, which allows us to have a single
clock read for all group updates, increasing internal consistency and
lowering update overhead. This comes at the cost of a longer update
side (proportional to the tree depth) which can cause the read side to
retry more often.
Fixes: 3840cbe24cf0 ("sched: psi: fix bogus pressure spikes from aggregation race")
Reported-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>,
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/20250522084844.GC31726@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net
---
include/linux/psi_types.h | 6 --
kernel/sched/psi.c | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
--- a/include/linux/psi_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/psi_types.h
@@ -84,11 +84,9 @@ enum psi_aggregators {
struct psi_group_cpu {
/* 1st cacheline updated by the scheduler */
- /* Aggregator needs to know of concurrent changes */
- seqcount_t seq ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
-
/* States of the tasks belonging to this group */
- unsigned int tasks[NR_PSI_TASK_COUNTS];
+ unsigned int tasks[NR_PSI_TASK_COUNTS]
+ ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
/* Aggregate pressure state derived from the tasks */
u32 state_mask;
--- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
@@ -176,6 +176,28 @@ struct psi_group psi_system = {
.pcpu = &system_group_pcpu,
};
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq);
+
+static inline void psi_write_begin(int cpu)
+{
+ write_seqcount_begin(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
+}
+
+static inline void psi_write_end(int cpu)
+{
+ write_seqcount_end(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
+}
+
+static inline u32 psi_read_begin(int cpu)
+{
+ return read_seqcount_begin(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
+}
+
+static inline bool psi_read_retry(int cpu, u32 seq)
+{
+ return read_seqcount_retry(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu), seq);
+}
+
static void psi_avgs_work(struct work_struct *work);
static void poll_timer_fn(struct timer_list *t);
@@ -186,7 +208,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group
group->enabled = true;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- seqcount_init(&per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu)->seq);
+ seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
@@ -266,14 +288,14 @@ static void get_recent_times(struct psi_
/* Snapshot a coherent view of the CPU state */
do {
- seq = read_seqcount_begin(&groupc->seq);
+ seq = psi_read_begin(cpu);
now = cpu_clock(cpu);
memcpy(times, groupc->times, sizeof(groupc->times));
state_mask = groupc->state_mask;
state_start = groupc->state_start;
if (cpu == current_cpu)
memcpy(tasks, groupc->tasks, sizeof(groupc->tasks));
- } while (read_seqcount_retry(&groupc->seq, seq));
+ } while (psi_read_retry(cpu, seq));
/* Calculate state time deltas against the previous snapshot */
for (s = 0; s < NR_PSI_STATES; s++) {
@@ -772,31 +794,21 @@ static void record_times(struct psi_grou
groupc->times[PSI_NONIDLE] += delta;
}
+#define for_each_group(iter, group) \
+ for (typeof(group) iter = group; iter; iter = iter->parent)
+
static void psi_group_change(struct psi_group *group, int cpu,
unsigned int clear, unsigned int set,
- bool wake_clock)
+ u64 now, bool wake_clock)
{
struct psi_group_cpu *groupc;
unsigned int t, m;
u32 state_mask;
- u64 now;
lockdep_assert_rq_held(cpu_rq(cpu));
groupc = per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu);
/*
- * First we update the task counts according to the state
- * change requested through the @clear and @set bits.
- *
- * Then if the cgroup PSI stats accounting enabled, we
- * assess the aggregate resource states this CPU's tasks
- * have been in since the last change, and account any
- * SOME and FULL time these may have resulted in.
- */
- write_seqcount_begin(&groupc->seq);
- now = cpu_clock(cpu);
-
- /*
* Start with TSK_ONCPU, which doesn't have a corresponding
* task count - it's just a boolean flag directly encoded in
* the state mask. Clear, set, or carry the current state if
@@ -847,7 +859,6 @@ static void psi_group_change(struct psi_
groupc->state_mask = state_mask;
- write_seqcount_end(&groupc->seq);
return;
}
@@ -868,8 +879,6 @@ static void psi_group_change(struct psi_
groupc->state_mask = state_mask;
- write_seqcount_end(&groupc->seq);
-
if (state_mask & group->rtpoll_states)
psi_schedule_rtpoll_work(group, 1, false);
@@ -904,24 +913,29 @@ static void psi_flags_change(struct task
void psi_task_change(struct task_struct *task, int clear, int set)
{
int cpu = task_cpu(task);
- struct psi_group *group;
+ u64 now;
if (!task->pid)
return;
psi_flags_change(task, clear, set);
- group = task_psi_group(task);
- do {
- psi_group_change(group, cpu, clear, set, true);
- } while ((group = group->parent));
+ psi_write_begin(cpu);
+ now = cpu_clock(cpu);
+ for_each_group(group, task_psi_group(task))
+ psi_group_change(group, cpu, clear, set, now, true);
+ psi_write_end(cpu);
}
void psi_task_switch(struct task_struct *prev, struct task_struct *next,
bool sleep)
{
- struct psi_group *group, *common = NULL;
+ struct psi_group *common = NULL;
int cpu = task_cpu(prev);
+ u64 now;
+
+ psi_write_begin(cpu);
+ now = cpu_clock(cpu);
if (next->pid) {
psi_flags_change(next, 0, TSK_ONCPU);
@@ -930,16 +944,15 @@ void psi_task_switch(struct task_struct
* ancestors with @prev, those will already have @prev's
* TSK_ONCPU bit set, and we can stop the iteration there.
*/
- group = task_psi_group(next);
- do {
- if (per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu)->state_mask &
- PSI_ONCPU) {
+ for_each_group(group, task_psi_group(next)) {
+ struct psi_group_cpu *groupc = per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu);
+
+ if (groupc->state_mask & PSI_ONCPU) {
common = group;
break;
}
-
- psi_group_change(group, cpu, 0, TSK_ONCPU, true);
- } while ((group = group->parent));
+ psi_group_change(group, cpu, 0, TSK_ONCPU, now, true);
+ }
}
if (prev->pid) {
@@ -972,12 +985,11 @@ void psi_task_switch(struct task_struct
psi_flags_change(prev, clear, set);
- group = task_psi_group(prev);
- do {
+ for_each_group(group, task_psi_group(prev)) {
if (group == common)
break;
- psi_group_change(group, cpu, clear, set, wake_clock);
- } while ((group = group->parent));
+ psi_group_change(group, cpu, clear, set, now, wake_clock);
+ }
/*
* TSK_ONCPU is handled up to the common ancestor. If there are
@@ -987,20 +999,21 @@ void psi_task_switch(struct task_struct
*/
if ((prev->psi_flags ^ next->psi_flags) & ~TSK_ONCPU) {
clear &= ~TSK_ONCPU;
- for (; group; group = group->parent)
- psi_group_change(group, cpu, clear, set, wake_clock);
+ for_each_group(group, common)
+ psi_group_change(group, cpu, clear, set, now, wake_clock);
}
}
+ psi_write_end(cpu);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING
void psi_account_irqtime(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *curr, struct task_struct *prev)
{
int cpu = task_cpu(curr);
- struct psi_group *group;
struct psi_group_cpu *groupc;
s64 delta;
u64 irq;
+ u64 now;
if (static_branch_likely(&psi_disabled) || !irqtime_enabled())
return;
@@ -1009,8 +1022,7 @@ void psi_account_irqtime(struct rq *rq,
return;
lockdep_assert_rq_held(rq);
- group = task_psi_group(curr);
- if (prev && task_psi_group(prev) == group)
+ if (prev && task_psi_group(prev) == task_psi_group(curr))
return;
irq = irq_time_read(cpu);
@@ -1019,25 +1031,22 @@ void psi_account_irqtime(struct rq *rq,
return;
rq->psi_irq_time = irq;
- do {
- u64 now;
+ psi_write_begin(cpu);
+ now = cpu_clock(cpu);
+ for_each_group(group, task_psi_group(curr)) {
if (!group->enabled)
continue;
groupc = per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu);
- write_seqcount_begin(&groupc->seq);
- now = cpu_clock(cpu);
-
record_times(groupc, now);
groupc->times[PSI_IRQ_FULL] += delta;
- write_seqcount_end(&groupc->seq);
-
if (group->rtpoll_states & (1 << PSI_IRQ_FULL))
psi_schedule_rtpoll_work(group, 1, false);
- } while ((group = group->parent));
+ }
+ psi_write_end(cpu);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING */
@@ -1225,12 +1234,14 @@ void psi_cgroup_restart(struct psi_group
return;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
- struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
- struct rq_flags rf;
+ u64 now;
- rq_lock_irq(rq, &rf);
- psi_group_change(group, cpu, 0, 0, true);
- rq_unlock_irq(rq, &rf);
+ guard(rq_lock_irq)(cpu_rq(cpu));
+
+ psi_write_begin(cpu);
+ now = cpu_clock(cpu);
+ psi_group_change(group, cpu, 0, 0, now, true);
+ psi_write_end(cpu);
}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CGROUPS */On 7/2/25 7:49 AM, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> Dietmar reported that commit 3840cbe24cf0 ("sched: psi: fix bogus
> pressure spikes from aggregation race") caused a regression for him on
> a high context switch rate benchmark (schbench) due to the now
> repeating cpu_clock() calls.
>
> In particular the problem is that get_recent_times() will extrapolate
> the current state to 'now'. But if an update uses a timestamp from
> before the start of the update, it is possible to get two reads
> with inconsistent results. It is effectively back-dating an update.
>
> (note that this all hard-relies on the clock being synchronized across
> CPUs -- if this is not the case, all bets are off).
>
> Combine this problem with the fact that there are per-group-per-cpu
> seqcounts, the commit in question pushed the clock read into the group
> iteration, causing tree-depth cpu_clock() calls. On architectures
> where cpu_clock() has appreciable overhead, this hurts.
>
> Instead move to a per-cpu seqcount, which allows us to have a single
> clock read for all group updates, increasing internal consistency and
> lowering update overhead. This comes at the cost of a longer update
> side (proportional to the tree depth) which can cause the read side to
> retry more often.
>
> Fixes: 3840cbe24cf0 ("sched: psi: fix bogus pressure spikes from aggregation race")
> Reported-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> Tested-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>,
> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/20250522084844.GC31726@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net
> ---
> include/linux/psi_types.h | 6 --
> kernel/sched/psi.c | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
> 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
>
> --- a/include/linux/psi_types.h
> +++ b/include/linux/psi_types.h
> @@ -84,11 +84,9 @@ enum psi_aggregators {
> struct psi_group_cpu {
> /* 1st cacheline updated by the scheduler */
>
> - /* Aggregator needs to know of concurrent changes */
> - seqcount_t seq ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
> -
> /* States of the tasks belonging to this group */
> - unsigned int tasks[NR_PSI_TASK_COUNTS];
> + unsigned int tasks[NR_PSI_TASK_COUNTS]
> + ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
>
> /* Aggregate pressure state derived from the tasks */
> u32 state_mask;
> --- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> @@ -176,6 +176,28 @@ struct psi_group psi_system = {
> .pcpu = &system_group_pcpu,
> };
>
> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq);
[ ... ]
> @@ -186,7 +208,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group
>
> group->enabled = true;
> for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - seqcount_init(&per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu)->seq);
> + seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
> group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
> mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
I'm not sure if someone mentioned this already, but testing the
series I got a bunch of softlockups in get_recent_times()
that randomly jumped from CPU to CPU.
This fixed it for me, but reading it now I'm wondering
if we want to seqcount_init() unconditionally even when PSI
is off.
diff --git a/kernel/sched/psi.c b/kernel/sched/psi.c
index 2024c1d36402d..979a447bc281f 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
@@ -207,8 +207,6 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
int cpu;
group->enabled = true;
- for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
@@ -231,6 +229,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
void __init psi_init(void)
{
+ int cpu;
if (!psi_enable) {
static_branch_enable(&psi_disabled);
static_branch_disable(&psi_cgroups_enabled);
@@ -241,6 +240,8 @@ void __init psi_init(void)
static_branch_disable(&psi_cgroups_enabled);
psi_period = jiffies_to_nsecs(PSI_FREQ);
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
group_init(&psi_system);
}
On Tue, Jul 15, 2025 at 03:11:14PM -0400, Chris Mason wrote:
> On 7/2/25 7:49 AM, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > Dietmar reported that commit 3840cbe24cf0 ("sched: psi: fix bogus
> > pressure spikes from aggregation race") caused a regression for him on
> > a high context switch rate benchmark (schbench) due to the now
> > repeating cpu_clock() calls.
> >
> > In particular the problem is that get_recent_times() will extrapolate
> > the current state to 'now'. But if an update uses a timestamp from
> > before the start of the update, it is possible to get two reads
> > with inconsistent results. It is effectively back-dating an update.
> >
> > (note that this all hard-relies on the clock being synchronized across
> > CPUs -- if this is not the case, all bets are off).
> >
> > Combine this problem with the fact that there are per-group-per-cpu
> > seqcounts, the commit in question pushed the clock read into the group
> > iteration, causing tree-depth cpu_clock() calls. On architectures
> > where cpu_clock() has appreciable overhead, this hurts.
> >
> > Instead move to a per-cpu seqcount, which allows us to have a single
> > clock read for all group updates, increasing internal consistency and
> > lowering update overhead. This comes at the cost of a longer update
> > side (proportional to the tree depth) which can cause the read side to
> > retry more often.
> >
> > Fixes: 3840cbe24cf0 ("sched: psi: fix bogus pressure spikes from aggregation race")
> > Reported-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
> > Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
> > Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
> > Tested-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>,
> > Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/20250522084844.GC31726@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net
> > ---
> > include/linux/psi_types.h | 6 --
> > kernel/sched/psi.c | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
> > 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
> >
> > --- a/include/linux/psi_types.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/psi_types.h
> > @@ -84,11 +84,9 @@ enum psi_aggregators {
> > struct psi_group_cpu {
> > /* 1st cacheline updated by the scheduler */
> >
> > - /* Aggregator needs to know of concurrent changes */
> > - seqcount_t seq ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
> > -
> > /* States of the tasks belonging to this group */
> > - unsigned int tasks[NR_PSI_TASK_COUNTS];
> > + unsigned int tasks[NR_PSI_TASK_COUNTS]
> > + ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
> >
> > /* Aggregate pressure state derived from the tasks */
> > u32 state_mask;
> > --- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
> > +++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> > @@ -176,6 +176,28 @@ struct psi_group psi_system = {
> > .pcpu = &system_group_pcpu,
> > };
> >
> > +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq);
>
> [ ... ]
>
> > @@ -186,7 +208,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group
> >
> > group->enabled = true;
> > for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> > - seqcount_init(&per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu)->seq);
> > + seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> > group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
> > group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
> > mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
>
> I'm not sure if someone mentioned this already, but testing the
> series I got a bunch of softlockups in get_recent_times()
> that randomly jumped from CPU to CPU.
... was beaten to it. I can observe the same.
>
> This fixed it for me, but reading it now I'm wondering
> if we want to seqcount_init() unconditionally even when PSI
> is off.
>
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/psi.c b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> index 2024c1d36402d..979a447bc281f 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> @@ -207,8 +207,6 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
> int cpu;
>
> group->enabled = true;
> - for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
> group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
> mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
> @@ -231,6 +229,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
>
> void __init psi_init(void)
> {
> + int cpu;
> if (!psi_enable) {
> static_branch_enable(&psi_disabled);
> static_branch_disable(&psi_cgroups_enabled);
> @@ -241,6 +240,8 @@ void __init psi_init(void)
> static_branch_disable(&psi_cgroups_enabled);
>
> psi_period = jiffies_to_nsecs(PSI_FREQ);
> + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> + seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> group_init(&psi_system);
> }
>
>
Wouldn't it be enough to use SEQCNT_ZERO? Those are static per-cpu ones.
---
BR
Beata
On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 08:53:01AM +0200, Beata Michalska wrote:
> Wouldn't it be enough to use SEQCNT_ZERO? Those are static per-cpu ones.
Yeah, I suppose that should work. The below builds, but I've not yet
observed the issue myself.
---
Subject: sched/psi: Fix psi_seq initialization
From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 15:11:14 -0400
With the seqcount moved out of the group into a global psi_seq,
re-initializing the seqcount on group creation is causing seqcount
corruption.
Fixes: 570c8efd5eb7 ("sched/psi: Optimize psi_group_change() cpu_clock() usage")
Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com>
Suggested-by: Beata Michalska <beata.michalska@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
---
kernel/sched/psi.c | 6 +-----
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)
--- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ struct psi_group psi_system = {
.pcpu = &system_group_pcpu,
};
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq) = SEQCNT_ZERO(psi_seq);
static inline void psi_write_begin(int cpu)
{
@@ -204,11 +204,7 @@ static void poll_timer_fn(struct timer_l
static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
{
- int cpu;
-
group->enabled = true;
- for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
Hello Ingo, Peter,
On 7/16/2025 4:10 PM, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 08:53:01AM +0200, Beata Michalska wrote:
>> Wouldn't it be enough to use SEQCNT_ZERO? Those are static per-cpu ones.
>
> Yeah, I suppose that should work. The below builds, but I've not yet
> observed the issue myself.
>
> ---
> Subject: sched/psi: Fix psi_seq initialization
> From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
> Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 15:11:14 -0400
>
> With the seqcount moved out of the group into a global psi_seq,
> re-initializing the seqcount on group creation is causing seqcount
> corruption.
>
> Fixes: 570c8efd5eb7 ("sched/psi: Optimize psi_group_change() cpu_clock() usage")
> Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com>
> Suggested-by: Beata Michalska <beata.michalska@arm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
I've been running with this fix for a bunch of my testing and when I forget
about it (as was the case when testing John's Proxy Exec branch), I usually
run into the softlockup in psi_avgs_work().
Is it too late to include this in tip:sched/core for v6.17?
Also feel free to include:
Tested-by: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
--
Thanks and Regards,
Prateek
On 7/16/2025 4:10 PM, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 08:53:01AM +0200, Beata Michalska wrote:
>> Wouldn't it be enough to use SEQCNT_ZERO? Those are static per-cpu ones.
>
> Yeah, I suppose that should work. The below builds, but I've not yet
> observed the issue myself.
>
> ---
> Subject: sched/psi: Fix psi_seq initialization
> From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
> Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 15:11:14 -0400
>
> With the seqcount moved out of the group into a global psi_seq,
> re-initializing the seqcount on group creation is causing seqcount
> corruption.
>
> Fixes: 570c8efd5eb7 ("sched/psi: Optimize psi_group_change() cpu_clock() usage")
> Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com>
> Suggested-by: Beata Michalska <beata.michalska@arm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
> ---
> kernel/sched/psi.c | 6 +-----
> 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)
>
> --- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ struct psi_group psi_system = {
> .pcpu = &system_group_pcpu,
> };
>
> -static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq);
> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq) = SEQCNT_ZERO(psi_seq);
>
> static inline void psi_write_begin(int cpu)
> {
> @@ -204,11 +204,7 @@ static void poll_timer_fn(struct timer_l
>
> static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
> {
> - int cpu;
> -
> group->enabled = true;
> - for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
> group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
> mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
I've tested the above patch, and it resolves the issue. Could we include
this patch in the linux-next builds? We have been encountering the
reported issue regularly in our daily CI.
Tested-by: Srikanth Aithal <sraithal@amd.com>
On 7/16/25 6:40 AM, Peter Zijlstra wrote: > On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 08:53:01AM +0200, Beata Michalska wrote: >> Wouldn't it be enough to use SEQCNT_ZERO? Those are static per-cpu ones. > > Yeah, I suppose that should work. The below builds, but I've not yet > observed the issue myself. [ ... ] > > -static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq); > +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(seqcount_t, psi_seq) = SEQCNT_ZERO(psi_seq); As expected, this also works. Thanks everyone. -chris
On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 12:40:50PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Wed, Jul 16, 2025 at 08:53:01AM +0200, Beata Michalska wrote:
> > Wouldn't it be enough to use SEQCNT_ZERO? Those are static per-cpu ones.
>
> Yeah, I suppose that should work. The below builds, but I've not yet
> observed the issue myself.
>
> ---
> Subject: sched/psi: Fix psi_seq initialization
> From: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
> Date: Tue, 15 Jul 2025 15:11:14 -0400
>
> With the seqcount moved out of the group into a global psi_seq,
> re-initializing the seqcount on group creation is causing seqcount
> corruption.
>
> Fixes: 570c8efd5eb7 ("sched/psi: Optimize psi_group_change() cpu_clock() usage")
> Reported-by: Chris Mason <clm@meta.com>
> Suggested-by: Beata Michalska <beata.michalska@arm.com>
> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Argh, missed that during the review as well.
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
(+ Ayush, Srikanth)
Hello Chris,
On 7/16/2025 12:41 AM, Chris Mason wrote:
>> @@ -186,7 +208,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group
>>
>> group->enabled = true;
>> for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
>> - seqcount_init(&per_cpu_ptr(group->pcpu, cpu)->seq);
>> + seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
>> group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
>> group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
>> mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
>
> I'm not sure if someone mentioned this already, but testing the
> series I got a bunch of softlockups in get_recent_times()
> that randomly jumped from CPU to CPU.
Ayush, Srikanth, and I ran into this yesterday when testing different
trees (next, queue:sched/core) with similar signatures:
watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 21s! [kworker/0:3:2140]
Modules linked in: ...
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 2140 Comm: kworker/0:3 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1-test+ #20 PREEMPT(voluntary)
Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R6525/024PW1, BIOS 2.7.3 03/30/2022
Workqueue: events psi_avgs_work
RIP: 0010:collect_percpu_times+0x3a0/0x670
Code: 65 48 2b 05 4a 79 d2 02 0f 85 dc 02 00 00 48 8d 65 d8 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d e9 34 ba d2 ff f3 90 49 81 ff ff 1f 00 00 <0f> 86 73 fd ff ff 4c 89 fe 48 c7 c7 80 9d 29 bb e8 cb 92 73 00 e9
RSP: 0018:ffffcda753383d10 EFLAGS: 00000297
RAX: ffff8be86fadcd40 RBX: ffffeda7308d4580 RCX: 000000000000006b
RDX: 000000000000002b RSI: 0000000000000100 RDI: ffffffffbab3f400
RBP: ffffcda753383e30 R08: 000000000000006b R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000008cca6be372 R11: 0000000000000006 R12: 000000000000006b
R13: ffffeda7308d4594 R14: 00000000000037e5 R15: 000000000000006b
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8ba8c1118000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 000055b3cf990c3c CR3: 000000807dc40006 CR4: 0000000000f70ef0
PKRU: 55555554
Call Trace:
<TASK>
? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5
? psi_group_change+0x1ff/0x460
? add_timer_on+0x10a/0x160
psi_avgs_work+0x4c/0xd0
? queue_delayed_work_on+0x6d/0x80
process_one_work+0x193/0x3c0
worker_thread+0x29d/0x3c0
? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10
kthread+0xff/0x210
? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
ret_from_fork+0x171/0x1a0
? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
</TASK>
I was able to reproduce this reliably running 100 copies of an infinite
loop doing - cgroup create, move a task, move task back to root, remove
cgroup - alongside hackbench running in a seperate cgroup and I hit this
in ~5-10min.
I have been running the same test with your fix and haven't run into
this for over 30min now. Feel free to add:
Reviewed-and-tested-by: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
>
> This fixed it for me, but reading it now I'm wondering
> if we want to seqcount_init() unconditionally even when PSI
> is off.
Looking at "psi_enable", it can only be toggled via the kernel
parameter "psi=" and I don't see anything that does a
"static_branch_disable(&psi_disabled)" at runtime so I think
your fix should be good.
>
> diff --git a/kernel/sched/psi.c b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> index 2024c1d36402d..979a447bc281f 100644
> --- a/kernel/sched/psi.c
> +++ b/kernel/sched/psi.c
> @@ -207,8 +207,6 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
> int cpu;
"cpu" variable can be removed too from group_init() now.
>
> group->enabled = true;
> - for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> - seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> group->avg_last_update = sched_clock();
> group->avg_next_update = group->avg_last_update + psi_period;
> mutex_init(&group->avgs_lock);
> @@ -231,6 +229,7 @@ static void group_init(struct psi_group *group)
>
> void __init psi_init(void)
> {
> + int cpu;
nit. newline after declaration.
> if (!psi_enable) {
> static_branch_enable(&psi_disabled);
> static_branch_disable(&psi_cgroups_enabled);
> @@ -241,6 +240,8 @@ void __init psi_init(void)
> static_branch_disable(&psi_cgroups_enabled);
>
> psi_period = jiffies_to_nsecs(PSI_FREQ);
> + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
> + seqcount_init(per_cpu_ptr(&psi_seq, cpu));
> group_init(&psi_system);
> }
>
>
--
Thanks and Regards,
Prateek
© 2016 - 2026 Red Hat, Inc.