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[PATCH] x86/percpu: Introduce const-qualified const_pcpu_hot

Uros Bizjak posted 1 patch 2 years, 1 month ago
There is a newer version of this series
arch/x86/include/asm/current.h   | 7 +++++++
arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h    | 6 +++---
arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h | 3 +++
arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    | 1 +
include/linux/compiler.h         | 2 +-
5 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
[PATCH] x86/percpu: Introduce const-qualified const_pcpu_hot
Posted by Uros Bizjak 2 years, 1 month ago 
Some variables in pcpu_hot, currently current_task and top_of_stack
are actually per-thread variables implemented as per-cpu variables
and thus stable for the duration of the respective task.  There is
already an attempt to eliminate redundant reads from these variables
using this_cpu_read_stable() asm macro, which hides the dependency
on the read memory address. However, the compiler has limited ability
to eliminate asm common subexpressions, so this approach results in a
limited success.

The solution is to allow more aggressive elimination by aliasing
pcpu_hot into a const-qualified const_pcpu_hot, and to read stable
per-cpu variables from this constant copy.

The current per-cpu infrastructure does not support reads from
const-qualified variables. However, when the compiler supports segment
qualifiers, it is possible to declare the const-aliased variable in
the relevant named address space. The compiler considers access to the
variable, declared in this way, as a read from a constant location,
and will optimize reads from the variable accordingly.

By implementing constant-qualified const_pcpu_hot, the compiler can
eliminate redundant reads from the constant variables, reducing the
number of loads from current_task from 3766 to 3217 on a test build,
a -14.6% reduction.

The reduction of loads translates to the following code savings:

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
25477353        4389456  808452 30675261        1d4113d vmlinux-old.o
25476074        4389440  808452 30673966        1d40c2e vmlinux-new.o

representing a code size reduction of 1279 bytes.

Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Co-developed-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/current.h   | 7 +++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h    | 6 +++---
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h | 3 +++
 arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    | 1 +
 include/linux/compiler.h         | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h
index a1168e7b69e5..0538d2436673 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h
@@ -36,8 +36,15 @@ static_assert(sizeof(struct pcpu_hot) == 64);
 
 DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct pcpu_hot, pcpu_hot);
 
+/* const-qualified alias to pcpu_hot, aliased by linker. */
+DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(const struct pcpu_hot __percpu_seg_override,
+			const_pcpu_hot);
+
 static __always_inline struct task_struct *get_current(void)
 {
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USE_X86_SEG_SUPPORT))
+		return const_pcpu_hot.current_task;
+
 	return this_cpu_read_stable(pcpu_hot.current_task);
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
index bbcc1ca737f0..630bb912a46b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
@@ -413,9 +413,9 @@ do {									\
  * accessed while this_cpu_read_stable() allows the value to be cached.
  * this_cpu_read_stable() is more efficient and can be used if its value
  * is guaranteed to be valid across cpus.  The current users include
- * get_current() and get_thread_info() both of which are actually
- * per-thread variables implemented as per-cpu variables and thus
- * stable for the duration of the respective task.
+ * pcpu_hot.current_task and pcpu_hot.top_of_stack, both of which are
+ * actually per-thread variables implemented as per-cpu variables and
+ * thus stable for the duration of the respective task.
  */
 #define this_cpu_read_stable_1(pcp)	percpu_stable_op(1, "mov", pcp)
 #define this_cpu_read_stable_2(pcp)	percpu_stable_op(2, "mov", pcp)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index ae81a7191c1c..a807025a4dee 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -533,6 +533,9 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long current_top_of_stack(void)
 	 *  and around vm86 mode and sp0 on x86_64 is special because of the
 	 *  entry trampoline.
 	 */
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USE_X86_SEG_SUPPORT))
+		return pcpu_hot.top_of_stack;
+
 	return this_cpu_read_stable(pcpu_hot.top_of_stack);
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 54a5596adaa6..1239be7cc8d8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ ENTRY(phys_startup_64)
 #endif
 
 jiffies = jiffies_64;
+const_pcpu_hot = pcpu_hot;
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
 /*
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler.h b/include/linux/compiler.h
index d7779a18b24f..bf9815eaf4aa 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler.h
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ void ftrace_likely_update(struct ftrace_likely_data *f, int val,
  */
 #define ___ADDRESSABLE(sym, __attrs) \
 	static void * __used __attrs \
-		__UNIQUE_ID(__PASTE(__addressable_,sym)) = (void *)&sym;
+	__UNIQUE_ID(__PASTE(__addressable_,sym)) = (void *)(uintptr_t)&sym;
 #define __ADDRESSABLE(sym) \
 	___ADDRESSABLE(sym, __section(".discard.addressable"))
 
-- 
2.41.0
Re: [PATCH] x86/percpu: Introduce const-qualified const_pcpu_hot
Posted by Nadav Amit 2 years, 1 month ago 

> On Oct 20, 2023, at 7:19 PM, Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> By implementing constant-qualified const_pcpu_hot, the compiler can
> eliminate redundant reads from the constant variables, reducing the
> number of loads from current_task from 3766 to 3217 on a test build,
> a -14.6% reduction.

Thanks again for doing that. LGTM! [*]

--

[*] The negative sign here is unneeded, but that’s just me being
    negative. ;-)
[tip: x86/percpu] x86/percpu: Introduce const-qualified const_pcpu_hot to micro-optimize code generation
Posted by tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak 2 years, 1 month ago 
The following commit has been merged into the x86/percpu branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     ed2f752e0e0a21d941ca0ee539ef3d4cd576bc5e
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/ed2f752e0e0a21d941ca0ee539ef3d4cd576bc5e
Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
AuthorDate:    Fri, 20 Oct 2023 18:19:20 +02:00
Committer:     Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
CommitterDate: Mon, 23 Oct 2023 11:27:35 +02:00

x86/percpu: Introduce const-qualified const_pcpu_hot to micro-optimize code generation

Some variables in pcpu_hot, currently current_task and top_of_stack
are actually per-thread variables implemented as per-CPU variables
and thus stable for the duration of the respective task.  There is
already an attempt to eliminate redundant reads from these variables
using this_cpu_read_stable() asm macro, which hides the dependency
on the read memory address. However, the compiler has limited ability
to eliminate asm common subexpressions, so this approach results in a
limited success.

The solution is to allow more aggressive elimination by aliasing
pcpu_hot into a const-qualified const_pcpu_hot, and to read stable
per-CPU variables from this constant copy.

The current per-CPU infrastructure does not support reads from
const-qualified variables. However, when the compiler supports segment
qualifiers, it is possible to declare the const-aliased variable in
the relevant named address space. The compiler considers access to the
variable, declared in this way, as a read from a constant location,
and will optimize reads from the variable accordingly.

By implementing constant-qualified const_pcpu_hot, the compiler can
eliminate redundant reads from the constant variables, reducing the
number of loads from current_task from 3766 to 3217 on a test build,
a -14.6% reduction.

The reduction of loads translates to the following code savings:

        text           data     bss      dec            hex filename
  25,477,353        4389456  808452 30675261        1d4113d vmlinux-old.o
  25,476,074        4389440  808452 30673966        1d40c2e vmlinux-new.o

representing a code size reduction of -1279 bytes.

[ mingo: Updated the changelog, EXPORT(const_pcpu_hot). ]

Co-developed-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>
Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231020162004.135244-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/current.h   | 7 +++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h    | 6 +++---
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h | 3 +++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c     | 1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S    | 1 +
 include/linux/compiler.h         | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h
index a1168e7..0538d24 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/current.h
@@ -36,8 +36,15 @@ static_assert(sizeof(struct pcpu_hot) == 64);
 
 DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct pcpu_hot, pcpu_hot);
 
+/* const-qualified alias to pcpu_hot, aliased by linker. */
+DECLARE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(const struct pcpu_hot __percpu_seg_override,
+			const_pcpu_hot);
+
 static __always_inline struct task_struct *get_current(void)
 {
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USE_X86_SEG_SUPPORT))
+		return const_pcpu_hot.current_task;
+
 	return this_cpu_read_stable(pcpu_hot.current_task);
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
index bbcc1ca..b86b27d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/percpu.h
@@ -413,9 +413,9 @@ do {									\
  * accessed while this_cpu_read_stable() allows the value to be cached.
  * this_cpu_read_stable() is more efficient and can be used if its value
  * is guaranteed to be valid across cpus.  The current users include
- * get_current() and get_thread_info() both of which are actually
- * per-thread variables implemented as per-cpu variables and thus
- * stable for the duration of the respective task.
+ * pcpu_hot.current_task and pcpu_hot.top_of_stack, both of which are
+ * actually per-thread variables implemented as per-CPU variables and
+ * thus stable for the duration of the respective task.
  */
 #define this_cpu_read_stable_1(pcp)	percpu_stable_op(1, "mov", pcp)
 #define this_cpu_read_stable_2(pcp)	percpu_stable_op(2, "mov", pcp)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index 0086920..b47a997 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -518,6 +518,9 @@ static __always_inline unsigned long current_top_of_stack(void)
 	 *  and around vm86 mode and sp0 on x86_64 is special because of the
 	 *  entry trampoline.
 	 */
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USE_X86_SEG_SUPPORT))
+		return pcpu_hot.top_of_stack;
+
 	return this_cpu_read_stable(pcpu_hot.top_of_stack);
 }
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index 382d4e6..4cc0ab0 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -2051,6 +2051,7 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU_ALIGNED(struct pcpu_hot, pcpu_hot) = {
 	.top_of_stack	= TOP_OF_INIT_STACK,
 };
 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(pcpu_hot);
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(const_pcpu_hot);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 DEFINE_PER_CPU_FIRST(struct fixed_percpu_data,
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 83d41c2..e701f2d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ ENTRY(phys_startup_64)
 #endif
 
 jiffies = jiffies_64;
+const_pcpu_hot = pcpu_hot;
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
 /*
diff --git a/include/linux/compiler.h b/include/linux/compiler.h
index d7779a1..bf9815e 100644
--- a/include/linux/compiler.h
+++ b/include/linux/compiler.h
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ void ftrace_likely_update(struct ftrace_likely_data *f, int val,
  */
 #define ___ADDRESSABLE(sym, __attrs) \
 	static void * __used __attrs \
-		__UNIQUE_ID(__PASTE(__addressable_,sym)) = (void *)&sym;
+	__UNIQUE_ID(__PASTE(__addressable_,sym)) = (void *)(uintptr_t)&sym;
 #define __ADDRESSABLE(sym) \
 	___ADDRESSABLE(sym, __section(".discard.addressable"))

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