Since binutils 2.39, ld will print a warning if any stack section is
executable, which is the default for stack sections on files without a
.note.GNU-stack section.

This was fixed for x86 in commit ffcf9c5700e4 ("x86: link vdso and boot with -z noexecstack --no-warn-rwx-segments"),
but remained broken for UML, resulting in several warnings:

/usr/bin/ld: warning: arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.o: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
/usr/bin/ld: NOTE: This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of the linker
/usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1 has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions
/usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1.o: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
/usr/bin/ld: NOTE: This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of the linker
/usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2 has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions
/usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2.o: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
/usr/bin/ld: NOTE: This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of the linker
/usr/bin/ld: warning: vmlinux has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions

Link both the VDSO and vmlinux with -z noexecstack, fixing the warnings
about .note.GNU-stack sections. In addition, pass --no-warn-rwx-segments
to dodge the remaining warnings about LOAD segments with RWX permissions
in the kallsyms objects. (Note that this flag is apparently not
available on lld, so hide it behind a test for BFD, which is what the
x86 patch does.)

Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ffcf9c5700e49c0aee42dcba9a12ba21338e8136
Link: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commit;h=ba951afb99912da01a6e8434126b8fac7aa75107
Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
---
 arch/um/Makefile          | 9 ++++++++-
 arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/um/Makefile b/arch/um/Makefile
index f2fe63bfd819..75d5c704b3a8 100644
--- a/arch/um/Makefile
+++ b/arch/um/Makefile
@@ -132,10 +132,17 @@ export LDS_ELF_FORMAT := $(ELF_FORMAT)
 # The wrappers will select whether using "malloc" or the kernel allocator.
 LINK_WRAPS = -Wl,--wrap,malloc -Wl,--wrap,free -Wl,--wrap,calloc
 
+# Avoid binutils 2.39+ warnings by marking the stack non-executable and
+# ignorning warnings for the kallsyms sections.
+LINK_RWXSECTION = -Wl,-z,noexecstack
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_LD_IS_BFD),y)
+LINK_RWXSECTION += -Wl,--no-warn-rwx-segments
+endif
+
 LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE = $(foreach opt,$(KBUILD_LDFLAGS),-Wl,$(opt))
 
 # Used by link-vmlinux.sh which has special support for um link
-export CFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LINK-y) $(LINK_WRAPS) $(LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE)
+export CFLAGS_vmlinux := $(LINK-y) $(LINK_WRAPS) $(LINK_RWXSECTION) $(LD_FLAGS_CMDLINE)
 
 # When cleaning we don't include .config, so we don't include
 # TT or skas makefiles and don't clean skas_ptregs.h.
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
index 8c0396fd0e6f..6fbe97c52c99 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ quiet_cmd_vdso = VDSO    $@
 		       -Wl,-T,$(filter %.lds,$^) $(filter %.o,$^) && \
 		 sh $(srctree)/$(src)/checkundef.sh '$(NM)' '$@'
 
-VDSO_LDFLAGS = -fPIC -shared -Wl,--hash-style=sysv
+VDSO_LDFLAGS = -fPIC -shared -Wl,--hash-style=sysv -z noexecstack
 GCOV_PROFILE := n
 
 #
-- 
2.37.1.595.g718a3a8f04-goog

On 8/22/22 18:08, David Gow wrote:
> Since binutils 2.39, ld will print a warning if any stack section is
> executable, which is the default for stack sections on files without a
> .note.GNU-stack section.
> 
> This was fixed for x86 in commit ffcf9c5700e4 ("x86: link vdso and boot with -z noexecstack --no-warn-rwx-segments"),
> but remained broken for UML, resulting in several warnings:
> 
> /usr/bin/ld: warning: arch/x86/um/vdso/vdso.o: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
> /usr/bin/ld: NOTE: This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of the linker
> /usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1 has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions
> /usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1.o: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
> /usr/bin/ld: NOTE: This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of the linker
> /usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2 has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions
> /usr/bin/ld: warning: .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2.o: missing .note.GNU-stack section implies executable stack
> /usr/bin/ld: NOTE: This behaviour is deprecated and will be removed in a future version of the linker
> /usr/bin/ld: warning: vmlinux has a LOAD segment with RWX permissions
> 
> Link both the VDSO and vmlinux with -z noexecstack, fixing the warnings
> about .note.GNU-stack sections. In addition, pass --no-warn-rwx-segments
> to dodge the remaining warnings about LOAD segments with RWX permissions
> in the kallsyms objects. (Note that this flag is apparently not
> available on lld, so hide it behind a test for BFD, which is what the
> x86 patch does.)
> 
> Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ffcf9c5700e49c0aee42dcba9a12ba21338e8136
> Link: https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commit;h=ba951afb99912da01a6e8434126b8fac7aa75107
> Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>

Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> # build-tested

Thanks.

> ---
>  arch/um/Makefile          | 9 ++++++++-
>  arch/x86/um/vdso/Makefile | 2 +-
>  2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)


-- 
~Randy

----- Ursprüngliche Mail -----
> Von: "Randy Dunlap" <rdunlap@infradead.org>
>> Link:
>> https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=ffcf9c5700e49c0aee42dcba9a12ba21338e8136
>> Link:
>> https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=commit;h=ba951afb99912da01a6e8434126b8fac7aa75107
>> Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
> 
> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> # build-tested

This patch causes a build error on one of my systems:

/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/7/../../../../x86_64-suse-linux/bin/ld: unrecognized option '--no-warn-rwx-segments'
/usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-suse-linux/7/../../../../x86_64-suse-linux/bin/ld: use the --help option for usage information
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Just like in commit ffcf9c5700e4 ("x86: link vdso and boot with -z noexecstack --no-warn-rwx-segments") you need to
test for it.

Thanks,
//richard