The following commit has been merged into the x86/tdx branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     e16ce07a9053deb235e6d7a5702ba19ecbc27c67
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/e16ce07a9053deb235e6d7a5702ba19ecbc27c67
Author:        Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com>
AuthorDate:    Wed, 20 May 2026 15:29:02 -07:00
Committer:     Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
CommitterDate: Wed, 20 May 2026 15:37:10 -07:00

x86/virt/seamldr: Introduce skeleton for TDX module updates

tl;dr: Use stop_machine() and a state machine based on the
"MULTI_STOP" pattern to implement core TDX module update logic.

Long version:

TDX module updates require careful synchronization with other TDX
operations. The requirements are (#1/#2 reflect current behavior that
must be preserved):

1. SEAMCALLs need to be callable from both process and IRQ contexts.
2. SEAMCALLs need to be able to run concurrently across CPUs
3. During updates, only update-related SEAMCALLs are permitted; all
   other SEAMCALLs shouldn't be called.
4. During updates, all online CPUs must participate in the update work.

No single lock primitive satisfies all requirements. For instance,
rwlock_t handles #1/#2 but fails #4: CPUs spinning with IRQs disabled
cannot be directed to perform update work.

Use stop_machine() as it is the only well-understood mechanism that can
meet all requirements.

And TDX module updates consist of several steps (See Intel Trust Domain
Extensions (Intel TDX) Module Base Architecture Specification, Chapter
"TD-Preserving TDX module Update"). Ordering requirements between steps
mandate lockstep synchronization across all CPUs.

multi_cpu_stop() provides a good example of executing a multi-step task
in lockstep across CPUs, but it does not synchronize the individual
steps inside the callback itself.

Implement a similar state machine as the skeleton for TDX module
updates. Each state represents one step in the update flow, and the
state advances only after all CPUs acknowledge completion of the current
step. This acknowledgment mechanism provides the required lockstep
execution.

The update flow is intentionally simpler than multi_cpu_stop() in two ways:

  a) use a spinlock to protect the control data instead of atomic_t and
     explicit memory barriers.

  b) omit touch_nmi_watchdog() and rcu_momentary_eqs(), which exist
     there for debugging and are not strictly needed for this update flow

Potential alternative to stop_machine()
=======================================
An alternative approach is to lock all KVM entry points and kick all
vCPUs. Here, KVM entry points refer to KVM VM/vCPU ioctl entry points,
implemented in KVM common code (virt/kvm). Adding a locking mechanism
there would affect all architectures KVM supports. And to lock only TDX
vCPUs, new logic would be needed to identify TDX vCPUs, which the KVM
common code currently lacks. This would add significant complexity and
maintenance overhead to KVM for this TDX-specific use case, so don't take
this approach.

[ dhansen: normal changelog/style munging ]

Signed-off-by: Chao Gao <chao.gao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Xu Yilun <yilun.xu@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Lindgren <tony.lindgren@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kai Huang <kai.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kiryl Shutsemau (Meta) <kas@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Edgecombe <rick.p.edgecombe@intel.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260520133909.409394-15-chao.gao@intel.com
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260520222902.A997E472@davehans-spike.ostc.intel.com
---
 arch/x86/virt/vmx/tdx/seamldr.c | 89 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/virt/vmx/tdx/seamldr.c b/arch/x86/virt/vmx/tdx/seamldr.c
index bcb1386..ec45b85 100644
--- a/arch/x86/virt/vmx/tdx/seamldr.c
+++ b/arch/x86/virt/vmx/tdx/seamldr.c
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
 
 #include <linux/bug.h>
 #include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/nmi.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
 
 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
 #include <asm/cpufeatures.h>
@@ -186,6 +188,85 @@ static int init_seamldr_params(struct seamldr_params *params,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * During a TDX module update, all CPUs start from MODULE_UPDATE_START and
+ * progress to MODULE_UPDATE_DONE. Each state is associated with certain
+ * work. For some states, just one CPU needs to perform the work, while
+ * other CPUs just wait during those states.
+ */
+enum module_update_state {
+	MODULE_UPDATE_START,
+	MODULE_UPDATE_DONE,
+};
+
+static struct update_ctrl {
+	enum module_update_state state;
+	int num_ack;
+	/*
+	 * Protect update_ctrl. Raw spinlock as it will be acquired from
+	 * interrupt-disabled contexts.
+	 */
+	raw_spinlock_t lock;
+} update_ctrl;
+
+/* Called with ctrl->lock held or during initialization. */
+static void __set_target_state(struct update_ctrl *ctrl,
+			       enum module_update_state newstate)
+{
+	/* Reset ack counter. */
+	ctrl->num_ack = 0;
+	ctrl->state = newstate;
+}
+
+/* Last one to ack a state moves to the next state. */
+static void ack_state(struct update_ctrl *ctrl)
+{
+	raw_spin_lock(&ctrl->lock);
+
+	ctrl->num_ack++;
+	if (ctrl->num_ack == num_online_cpus())
+		__set_target_state(ctrl, ctrl->state + 1);
+
+	raw_spin_unlock(&ctrl->lock);
+}
+
+static void init_state(struct update_ctrl *ctrl)
+{
+	raw_spin_lock_init(&ctrl->lock);
+	__set_target_state(ctrl, MODULE_UPDATE_START + 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * See multi_cpu_stop() from where this multi-cpu state-machine was
+ * adopted.
+ */
+static int do_seamldr_install_module(void *seamldr_params)
+{
+	enum module_update_state curstate = MODULE_UPDATE_START;
+	enum module_update_state newstate;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	do {
+		newstate = READ_ONCE(update_ctrl.state);
+
+		if (curstate == newstate) {
+			cpu_relax();
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		curstate = newstate;
+		switch (curstate) {
+		/* TODO: add the update steps. */
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+
+		ack_state(&update_ctrl);
+	} while (curstate != MODULE_UPDATE_DONE);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /**
  * seamldr_install_module - Install a new TDX module.
  * @data: Pointer to the TDX module image.
@@ -217,7 +298,13 @@ int seamldr_install_module(const u8 *data, u32 data_len)
 	if (ret)
 		goto out;
 
-	/* TODO: Update TDX module here */
+	/* Ensure a stable set of online CPUs for the update process. */
+	cpus_read_lock();
+	init_state(&update_ctrl);
+	ret = stop_machine_cpuslocked(do_seamldr_install_module, params,
+				      cpu_online_mask);
+	cpus_read_unlock();
+
 out:
 	kfree(params);
 	return ret;