[tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak 2 weeks, 3 days ago

The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00

x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
full 32-bit size.

Example:

  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)

  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)

Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
register name for the target register.

  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]

Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
  * Save a segment register away:
  */
 #define savesegment(seg, value)				\
-	asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
+	asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
 
 #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by H. Peter Anvin 2 weeks, 3 days ago

On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:
>The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
>
>Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
>Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
>Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
>AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
>Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
>CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
>
>x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
>
>Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
>insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
>full 32-bit size.
>
>Example:
>
>  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
>  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
>
>  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
>  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
>
>Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
>register name for the target register.
>
>  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
>
>Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
>Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
>Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
>Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
>Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
>---
> arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
>diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
>index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
>--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
>+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
>@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
>  * Save a segment register away:
>  */
> #define savesegment(seg, value)				\
>-	asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
>+	asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> 
> #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
>

Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by Brian Gerst 2 weeks, 2 days ago

On Wed, Jan 21, 2026 at 2:29 AM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:
>
> On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:
> >The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
> >
> >Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> >Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> >Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> >AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
> >Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> >CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
> >
> >x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
> >
> >Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
> >insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
> >full 32-bit size.
> >
> >Example:
> >
> >  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
> >  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> >
> >  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
> >  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> >
> >Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
> >register name for the target register.
> >
> >  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
> >
> >Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> >Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> >Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> >Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
> >Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
> >---
> > arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> >diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> >index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
> >--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> >+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> >@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
> >  * Save a segment register away:
> >  */
> > #define savesegment(seg, value)                               \
> >-      asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
> >+      asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> >
> > #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> > #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> >
>
> Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.

You would have to be really careful to only use short (16-bit)
variables, because it will not zero-extend with a memory operand.

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by David Laight 2 weeks, 2 days ago

On Wed, 21 Jan 2026 06:49:16 -0500
Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Wed, Jan 21, 2026 at 2:29 AM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:
> >
> > On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:  
> > >The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
> > >
> > >Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > >Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > >Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > >AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
> > >Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > >CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
> > >
> > >x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
> > >
> > >Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
> > >insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
> > >full 32-bit size.
> > >
> > >Example:
> > >
> > >  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
> > >  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > >
> > >  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
> > >  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > >
> > >Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
> > >register name for the target register.
> > >
> > >  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
> > >
> > >Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > >Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > >Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> > >Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
> > >Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
> > >---
> > > arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> > > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > >
> > >diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > >index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
> > >--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > >+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > >@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
> > >  * Save a segment register away:
> > >  */
> > > #define savesegment(seg, value)                               \
> > >-      asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > >+      asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > >
> > > #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> > > #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> > >  
> >
> > Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.  
> 
> You would have to be really careful to only use short (16-bit)
> variables, because it will not zero-extend with a memory operand.
> 

It would be much safer to have something that returned the value
of the segment register (zero extended to 32 bits).

	David

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by Uros Bizjak 2 weeks, 2 days ago

On Wed, Jan 21, 2026 at 5:06 PM David Laight
<david.laight.linux@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, 21 Jan 2026 06:49:16 -0500
> Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > On Wed, Jan 21, 2026 at 2:29 AM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:
> > > >The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
> > > >
> > > >Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > > >Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > > >Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > > >AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
> > > >Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > > >CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
> > > >
> > > >x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
> > > >
> > > >Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
> > > >insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
> > > >full 32-bit size.
> > > >
> > > >Example:
> > > >
> > > >  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
> > > >  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > > >
> > > >  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
> > > >  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > > >
> > > >Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
> > > >register name for the target register.
> > > >
> > > >  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
> > > >
> > > >Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > > >Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > > >Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> > > >Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
> > > >Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
> > > >---
> > > > arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> > > > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > >
> > > >diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > > >index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
> > > >--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > > >+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > > >@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
> > > >  * Save a segment register away:
> > > >  */
> > > > #define savesegment(seg, value)                               \
> > > >-      asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > > >+      asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > > >
> > > > #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> > > > #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> > > >
> > >
> > > Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.
> >
> > You would have to be really careful to only use short (16-bit)
> > variables, because it will not zero-extend with a memory operand.
> >
>
> It would be much safer to have something that returned the value
> of the segment register (zero extended to 32 bits).

movl from %seg to 32-bit register (as proposed in the patch)
zero-extends the value all the way to word size (64-bits on x86_64).
The proposed solution also handles memory operands, so:

--cut here--
unsigned int m;

void foo(void)
{
  asm("mov %%gs,%k0" : "=r"(m));
}
--cut here--

compiles to optimal code:

0000000000000000 <foo>:
  0:   8c e8                   mov    %gs,%eax
  2:   89 05 00 00 00 00       mov    %eax,0x0(%rip)        # 8 <foo+0x8>
                       4: R_X86_64_PC32        m-0x4
  8:   c3                      ret

Uros.

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by David Laight 2 weeks, 2 days ago

On Wed, 21 Jan 2026 17:16:53 +0100
Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Wed, Jan 21, 2026 at 5:06 PM David Laight
> <david.laight.linux@gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, 21 Jan 2026 06:49:16 -0500
> > Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> wrote:
> >  
> > > On Wed, Jan 21, 2026 at 2:29 AM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:  
> > > >
> > > > On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:  
> > > > >The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
> > > > >
> > > > >Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > > > >Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > > > >Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > > > >AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
> > > > >Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > > > >CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
> > > > >
> > > > >x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
> > > > >
> > > > >Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
> > > > >insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
> > > > >full 32-bit size.
> > > > >
> > > > >Example:
> > > > >
> > > > >  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
> > > > >  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > > > >
> > > > >  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
> > > > >  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > > > >
> > > > >Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
> > > > >register name for the target register.
> > > > >
> > > > >  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
> > > > >
> > > > >Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > > > >Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > > > >Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> > > > >Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
> > > > >Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
> > > > >---
> > > > > arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> > > > > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > > >
> > > > >diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > > > >index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
> > > > >--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > > > >+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > > > >@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
> > > > >  * Save a segment register away:
> > > > >  */
> > > > > #define savesegment(seg, value)                               \
> > > > >-      asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > > > >+      asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > > > >
> > > > > #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> > > > > #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> > > > >  
> > > >
> > > > Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.  
> > >
> > > You would have to be really careful to only use short (16-bit)
> > > variables, because it will not zero-extend with a memory operand.
> > >  
> >
> > It would be much safer to have something that returned the value
> > of the segment register (zero extended to 32 bits).  
> 
> movl from %seg to 32-bit register (as proposed in the patch)
> zero-extends the value all the way to word size (64-bits on x86_64).
> The proposed solution also handles memory operands, so:
> 
> --cut here--
> unsigned int m;
> 
> void foo(void)
> {
>   asm("mov %%gs,%k0" : "=r"(m));
> }
> --cut here--
> 
> compiles to optimal code:
> 
> 0000000000000000 <foo>:
>   0:   8c e8                   mov    %gs,%eax
>   2:   89 05 00 00 00 00       mov    %eax,0x0(%rip)        # 8 <foo+0x8>
>                        4: R_X86_64_PC32        m-0x4
>   8:   c3                      ret
> 
> Uros.

As does this version:

unsigned int m;

#define get_seg(seg) ({ \
    unsigned int _seg_val; \
    asm("mov %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r"(_seg_val)); \
    _seg_val; \
})

void bar(void)
{
    m = get_seg(gs);
}

bar:
        movl    %gs, %eax
        movl    %eax, m(%rip)
        retq

Without the hidden lvalue.

	David

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by Uros Bizjak 2 weeks, 3 days ago

On Tue, Jan 20, 2026 at 1:38 PM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:
>
> On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:
> >The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
> >
> >Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> >Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> >Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> >AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
> >Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> >CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
> >
> >x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
> >
> >Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
> >insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
> >full 32-bit size.
> >
> >Example:
> >
> >  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
> >  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> >
> >  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
> >  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> >
> >Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
> >register name for the target register.
> >
> >  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
> >
> >Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> >Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> >Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> >Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
> >Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
> >---
> > arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> >diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> >index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
> >--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> >+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> >@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
> >  * Save a segment register away:
> >  */
> > #define savesegment(seg, value)                               \
> >-      asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
> >+      asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> >
> > #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> > #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> >
>
> Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.

I have tried it with "=rm", and there were no cases when memory output
applies. Also, it would need to use  ASM_OUTPUT_RM to handle clang
issues with memory output alternatives.

Uros.

Re: [tip: x86/cleanups] x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers

Posted by Uros Bizjak 2 weeks, 3 days ago

On Tue, Jan 20, 2026 at 2:47 PM Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Jan 20, 2026 at 1:38 PM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote:
> >
> > On January 20, 2026 4:08:01 AM PST, tip-bot2 for Uros Bizjak <tip-bot2@linutronix.de> wrote:
> > >The following commit has been merged into the x86/cleanups branch of tip:
> > >
> > >Commit-ID:     53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > >Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/53ed3d91a141f5c8b3bce45b0004fbbfefe77956
> > >Author:        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > >AuthorDate:    Mon, 05 Jan 2026 10:02:32 +01:00
> > >Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > >CommitterDate: Tue, 20 Jan 2026 12:34:58 +01:00
> > >
> > >x86/segment: Use MOVL when reading segment registers
> > >
> > >Use MOVL when reading segment registers to avoid 0x66 operand-size override
> > >insn prefix. The segment value is always 16-bit and gets zero-extended to the
> > >full 32-bit size.
> > >
> > >Example:
> > >
> > >  4e4:       66 8c c0                mov    %es,%ax
> > >  4e7:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > >
> > >  4e4:       8c c0                   mov    %es,%eax
> > >  4e6:       66 89 83 80 0b 00 00    mov    %ax,0xb80(%rbx)
> > >
> > >Also, use the %k0 modifier which generates the SImode (signed integer)
> > >register name for the target register.
> > >
> > >  [ bp: Extend and clarify commit message. ]
> > >
> > >Signed-off-by: Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>
> > >Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
> > >Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin (Intel) <hpa@zytor.com>
> > >Tested-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
> > >Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260105090422.6243-1-ubizjak@gmail.com
> > >---
> > > arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h | 2 +-
> > > 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > >
> > >diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > >index f59ae71..9f5be2b 100644
> > >--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > >+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/segment.h
> > >@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ static inline void __loadsegment_fs(unsigned short value)
> > >  * Save a segment register away:
> > >  */
> > > #define savesegment(seg, value)                               \
> > >-      asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > >+      asm("movl %%" #seg ",%k0" : "=r" (value) : : "memory")
> > >
> > > #endif /* !__ASSEMBLER__ */
> > > #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
> > >
> >
> > Incidentally, why aren't we using =rm here? Segment moves support memory operands.
>
> I have tried it with "=rm", and there were no cases when memory output
> applies. Also, it would need to use  ASM_OUTPUT_RM to handle clang
> issues with memory output alternatives.

Also, savesegment() is defined as a macro, so e.g.:

--cut here--
#define savesegment(seg, value)                \
    asm("mov %%" #seg ",%0":"=rm" (value) : : "memory")

char c;

void foo (void)
{
  savesegment (gs, c);
}
--cut here--

would result in a wrong code, where word sized 16-bit value is moved
to the location of "c".

Uros.