[PATCH RFC v1 2/2] tests/qtest: Add Intel IOMMU bare-metal test

Fengyuan Yu posted 2 patches 3 days, 2 hours ago
Maintainers: Fabiano Rosas <farosas@suse.de>, Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>, Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>, Tao Tang <tangtao1634@phytium.com.cn>
[PATCH RFC v1 2/2] tests/qtest: Add Intel IOMMU bare-metal test
Posted by Fengyuan Yu 3 days, 2 hours ago
Add a qtest suite for the Intel IOMMU (VT-d) device on the Q35 machine.
The test exercises pass-through and translated translation modes using
iommu-testdev and the qos-intel-iommu helpers.

The test validates:
- Root Entry Table and Context Entry Table configuration
- 4-level page table walks for 48-bit address translation
- Pass-through mode (identity mapping)
- Translated mode with complete IOVA-to-PA translation
- DMA transaction execution with memory content verification

Signed-off-by: Fengyuan Yu <15fengyuan@gmail.com>
---
 tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/qtest/meson.build        |   2 +
 2 files changed, 139 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c

diff --git a/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c b/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9f631be2c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * QTest for Intel IOMMU (VT-d) with iommu-testdev
+ *
+ * This QTest file is used to test the Intel IOMMU with iommu-testdev so that
+ * we can test VT-d without any guest kernel or firmware.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Fengyuan Yu <15fengyuan@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "libqtest.h"
+#include "libqos/pci.h"
+#include "libqos/pci-pc.h"
+#include "hw/pci/pci_regs.h"
+#include "hw/misc/iommu-testdev.h"
+#include "libqos/qos-intel-iommu.h"
+
+#define DMA_LEN           4
+
+/* Test configurations for different Intel IOMMU modes */
+static const QVTDTestConfig base_test_configs[] = {
+    {
+        .trans_mode = QVTD_TM_LEGACY_PT,
+        .dma_iova = 0x10100000,  /* Use address in guest RAM range (inside 512MB) */
+        .dma_pa = 0x10100000,
+        .dma_len = DMA_LEN,
+        .expected_result = 0,
+        .domain_id = 1,
+    },
+    {
+        .trans_mode = QVTD_TM_LEGACY_TRANS,
+        .dma_iova = QVTD_TEST_IOVA,
+        .dma_pa = QVTD_TEST_PA,
+        .dma_len = DMA_LEN,
+        .expected_result = 0,
+        .domain_id = 1,
+    },
+};
+
+static QPCIDevice *setup_qtest_pci_device(QTestState *qts, QPCIBus **pcibus,
+                                          QPCIBar *bar)
+{
+    uint16_t vid, did;
+    QPCIDevice *dev = NULL;
+    int device_count = 0;
+
+    *pcibus = qpci_new_pc(qts, NULL);
+    g_assert(*pcibus != NULL);
+
+    g_test_message("Scanning PCI bus for iommu-testdev (vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x)...",
+                   IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID, IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID);
+
+    /* Find device by vendor/device ID to avoid slot surprises. */
+    for (int s = 0; s < 32 && !dev; s++) {
+        for (int fn = 0; fn < 8 && !dev; fn++) {
+            QPCIDevice *cand = qpci_device_find(*pcibus, QPCI_DEVFN(s, fn));
+            if (!cand) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            vid = qpci_config_readw(cand, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
+            did = qpci_config_readw(cand, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
+
+            device_count++;
+            g_test_message("  Found PCI device at %02x:%x - vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x",
+                           s, fn, vid, did);
+
+            if (vid == IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID &&
+                did == IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID) {
+                dev = cand;
+                g_test_message("Found iommu-testdev! devfn: 0x%x", cand->devfn);
+            } else {
+                g_free(cand);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!dev) {
+        g_test_message("ERROR: iommu-testdev not found after scanning %d PCI devices", device_count);
+        g_test_message("Expected vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x (PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT:PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_TEST)",
+                       IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID, IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID);
+        qpci_free_pc(*pcibus);
+        *pcibus = NULL;
+        g_test_skip("iommu-testdev not found on PCI bus - device may not be compiled or registered");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Enable device - iommu-testdev only uses MMIO, not I/O ports */
+    uint16_t cmd = qpci_config_readw(dev, PCI_COMMAND);
+    cmd |= PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
+    qpci_config_writew(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
+
+    *bar = qpci_iomap(dev, 0, NULL);
+    g_assert_false(bar->is_io);
+
+    return dev;
+}
+
+static void test_intel_iommu_translation(void)
+{
+    QTestState *qts;
+    QPCIBus *pcibus;
+    QPCIDevice *dev;
+    QPCIBar bar;
+
+    /* Initialize QEMU environment for Intel IOMMU testing */
+    qts = qtest_init("-machine q35,kernel-irqchip=split "
+                     "-accel tcg "
+                     "-device intel-iommu,pt=on,aw-bits=48 "
+                     "-device iommu-testdev,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x4 "
+                     "-m 512");
+
+    /* Setup and configure PCI device */
+    dev = setup_qtest_pci_device(qts, &pcibus, &bar);
+    if (!dev) {
+        qtest_quit(qts);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Run the translation tests */
+    g_test_message("### Starting Intel IOMMU translation tests...###");
+    qvtd_translation_batch(base_test_configs, ARRAY_SIZE(base_test_configs),
+                           qts, dev, bar, Q35_IOMMU_BASE);
+    g_test_message("### Intel IOMMU translation tests completed successfully! ###");
+
+    g_free(dev);
+    qpci_free_pc(pcibus);
+    qtest_quit(qts);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
+    qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel-translation", test_intel_iommu_translation);
+    return g_test_run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/qtest/meson.build b/tests/qtest/meson.build
index e2d2e68092..344e836300 100644
--- a/tests/qtest/meson.build
+++ b/tests/qtest/meson.build
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ qtests_i386 = \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_SDHCI_PCI') ? ['fuzz-sdcard-test'] : []) +            \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_ESP_PCI') ? ['am53c974-test'] : []) +                 \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VTD') ? ['intel-iommu-test'] : []) +                 \
+  (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VTD') and
+   config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_IOMMU_TESTDEV') ? ['iommu-intel-test'] : []) +      \
   (host_os != 'windows' and                                                                \
    config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_ACPI_ERST') ? ['erst-test'] : []) +                   \
   (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_PCIE_PORT') and                                       \
-- 
2.39.5
Re: [PATCH RFC v1 2/2] tests/qtest: Add Intel IOMMU bare-metal test
Posted by Chao Liu 2 days, 22 hours ago
Hi Fengyuan,

On Wed, Feb 04, 2026 at 11:06:20AM +0800, Fengyuan Yu wrote:
> Add a qtest suite for the Intel IOMMU (VT-d) device on the Q35 machine.
> The test exercises pass-through and translated translation modes using
> iommu-testdev and the qos-intel-iommu helpers.
> 
> The test validates:
> - Root Entry Table and Context Entry Table configuration
> - 4-level page table walks for 48-bit address translation
> - Pass-through mode (identity mapping)
> - Translated mode with complete IOVA-to-PA translation
> - DMA transaction execution with memory content verification
> 
Good commit message.

> Signed-off-by: Fengyuan Yu <15fengyuan@gmail.com>
> ---
>  tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  tests/qtest/meson.build        |   2 +
>  2 files changed, 139 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100644 tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
> 
> diff --git a/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c b/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000..9f631be2c5
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
> +/*
> + * QTest for Intel IOMMU (VT-d) with iommu-testdev
> + *
> + * This QTest file is used to test the Intel IOMMU with iommu-testdev so that
> + * we can test VT-d without any guest kernel or firmware.
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2026 Fengyuan Yu <15fengyuan@gmail.com>
> + *
> + * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
> + */
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "libqtest.h"
> +#include "libqos/pci.h"
> +#include "libqos/pci-pc.h"
> +#include "hw/pci/pci_regs.h"
> +#include "hw/misc/iommu-testdev.h"
> +#include "libqos/qos-intel-iommu.h"
> +
> +#define DMA_LEN           4
> +
> +/* Test configurations for different Intel IOMMU modes */
> +static const QVTDTestConfig base_test_configs[] = {
> +    {
> +        .trans_mode = QVTD_TM_LEGACY_PT,
> +        .dma_iova = 0x10100000,  /* Use address in guest RAM range (inside 512MB) */
> +        .dma_pa = 0x10100000,
> +        .dma_len = DMA_LEN,
> +        .expected_result = 0,
> +        .domain_id = 1,
> +    },
> +    {
> +        .trans_mode = QVTD_TM_LEGACY_TRANS,
> +        .dma_iova = QVTD_TEST_IOVA,
> +        .dma_pa = QVTD_TEST_PA,
> +        .dma_len = DMA_LEN,
> +        .expected_result = 0,
> +        .domain_id = 1,
> +    },
> +};
> +
> +static QPCIDevice *setup_qtest_pci_device(QTestState *qts, QPCIBus **pcibus,
> +                                          QPCIBar *bar)
> +{
> +    uint16_t vid, did;
> +    QPCIDevice *dev = NULL;
> +    int device_count = 0;
> +
> +    *pcibus = qpci_new_pc(qts, NULL);
> +    g_assert(*pcibus != NULL);
> +
> +    g_test_message("Scanning PCI bus for iommu-testdev (vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x)...",
> +                   IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID, IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID);
> +
> +    /* Find device by vendor/device ID to avoid slot surprises. */
> +    for (int s = 0; s < 32 && !dev; s++) {
> +        for (int fn = 0; fn < 8 && !dev; fn++) {
> +            QPCIDevice *cand = qpci_device_find(*pcibus, QPCI_DEVFN(s, fn));
> +            if (!cand) {
> +                continue;
> +            }
> +            vid = qpci_config_readw(cand, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
> +            did = qpci_config_readw(cand, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
> +
> +            device_count++;
> +            g_test_message("  Found PCI device at %02x:%x - vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x",
> +                           s, fn, vid, did);
> +
> +            if (vid == IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID &&
> +                did == IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID) {
> +                dev = cand;
> +                g_test_message("Found iommu-testdev! devfn: 0x%x", cand->devfn);
> +            } else {
> +                g_free(cand);
> +            }
> +        }
> +    }
> +

This manual PCI bus scanning is verbose. The SMMUv3 test uses
qpci_device_foreach() which is more concise:

    qpci_device_foreach(&gbus->bus, IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID,
                        IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID, save_fn, &dev);

See iommu-smmuv3-test.c for reference.

> +    if (!dev) {
> +        g_test_message("ERROR: iommu-testdev not found after scanning %d PCI devices", device_count);
> +        g_test_message("Expected vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x (PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT:PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_TEST)",
> +                       IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID, IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID);
> +        qpci_free_pc(*pcibus);
> +        *pcibus = NULL;
> +        g_test_skip("iommu-testdev not found on PCI bus - device may not be compiled or registered");
> +        return NULL;
> +    }
> +
> +    /* Enable device - iommu-testdev only uses MMIO, not I/O ports */
> +    uint16_t cmd = qpci_config_readw(dev, PCI_COMMAND);
> +    cmd |= PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
> +    qpci_config_writew(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
> +
> +    *bar = qpci_iomap(dev, 0, NULL);
> +    g_assert_false(bar->is_io);
> +
> +    return dev;
> +}
> +
> +static void test_intel_iommu_translation(void)
> +{
> +    QTestState *qts;
> +    QPCIBus *pcibus;
> +    QPCIDevice *dev;
> +    QPCIBar bar;
> +
Please add a machine availability check before qtest_init(), similar to
what the SMMUv3 test does:

    if (!qtest_has_machine("q35")) {
        g_test_skip("q35 machine not available");
        return;
    }

> +    /* Initialize QEMU environment for Intel IOMMU testing */
> +    qts = qtest_init("-machine q35,kernel-irqchip=split "
> +                     "-accel tcg "
> +                     "-device intel-iommu,pt=on,aw-bits=48 "
> +                     "-device iommu-testdev,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x4 "
> +                     "-m 512");
> +
> +    /* Setup and configure PCI device */
> +    dev = setup_qtest_pci_device(qts, &pcibus, &bar);
> +    if (!dev) {
> +        qtest_quit(qts);
> +        return;
> +    }
> +
> +    /* Run the translation tests */
> +    g_test_message("### Starting Intel IOMMU translation tests...###");
> +    qvtd_translation_batch(base_test_configs, ARRAY_SIZE(base_test_configs),
> +                           qts, dev, bar, Q35_IOMMU_BASE);
> +    g_test_message("### Intel IOMMU translation tests completed successfully! ###");
> +
> +    g_free(dev);
> +    qpci_free_pc(pcibus);
> +    qtest_quit(qts);
> +}
> +
> +int main(int argc, char **argv)
> +{
> +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
> +    qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel-translation", test_intel_iommu_translation);
The test path naming differs from the SMMUv3 convention. For consistency,
consider splitting into separate test functions and using paths like:

    qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel/legacy-pt", test_intel_legacy_pt);
    qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel/legacy-trans", test_intel_legacy_trans);

This makes it easier to run individual test cases and debug failures.

> +    return g_test_run();
> +}
Missing newline at end of file. Please run scripts/checkpatch.pl check
it.

> diff --git a/tests/qtest/meson.build b/tests/qtest/meson.build
> index e2d2e68092..344e836300 100644
> --- a/tests/qtest/meson.build
> +++ b/tests/qtest/meson.build
> @@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ qtests_i386 = \
>    (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_SDHCI_PCI') ? ['fuzz-sdcard-test'] : []) +            \
>    (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_ESP_PCI') ? ['am53c974-test'] : []) +                 \
>    (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VTD') ? ['intel-iommu-test'] : []) +                 \
> +  (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VTD') and
> +   config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_IOMMU_TESTDEV') ? ['iommu-intel-test'] : []) +      \
>    (host_os != 'windows' and                                                                \
>     config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_ACPI_ERST') ? ['erst-test'] : []) +                   \
>    (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_PCIE_PORT') and                                       \
> -- 
> 2.39.5
> 

One more thing: the MAINTAINERS entry in patch 1/2 only adds the libqos
files. Please also add to 'X86 general architecture support':

    F: tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c

to the IOMMU section.

Overall, this is a nice addition to the IOMMU testing infrastructure.

Thanks,
Chao
Re: [PATCH RFC v1 2/2] tests/qtest: Add Intel IOMMU bare-metal test
Posted by Fengyuan 1 day, 20 hours ago
Hi Chao,

Thanks for the review!

On 2/4/2026 3:43 PM, Chao Liu wrote:
> Hi Fengyuan,
> 
> On Wed, Feb 04, 2026 at 11:06:20AM +0800, Fengyuan Yu wrote:
>> Add a qtest suite for the Intel IOMMU (VT-d) device on the Q35 machine.
>> The test exercises pass-through and translated translation modes using
>> iommu-testdev and the qos-intel-iommu helpers.
>>
>> The test validates:
>> - Root Entry Table and Context Entry Table configuration
>> - 4-level page table walks for 48-bit address translation
>> - Pass-through mode (identity mapping)
>> - Translated mode with complete IOVA-to-PA translation
>> - DMA transaction execution with memory content verification
>>
> Good commit message.
> 
>> Signed-off-by: Fengyuan Yu <15fengyuan@gmail.com>
>> ---
>>   tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>   tests/qtest/meson.build        |   2 +
>>   2 files changed, 139 insertions(+)
>>   create mode 100644 tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
>>
>> diff --git a/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c b/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000..9f631be2c5
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
>> +/*
>> + * QTest for Intel IOMMU (VT-d) with iommu-testdev
>> + *
>> + * This QTest file is used to test the Intel IOMMU with iommu-testdev so that
>> + * we can test VT-d without any guest kernel or firmware.
>> + *
>> + * Copyright (c) 2026 Fengyuan Yu <15fengyuan@gmail.com>
>> + *
>> + * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
>> + */
>> +
>> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
>> +#include "libqtest.h"
>> +#include "libqos/pci.h"
>> +#include "libqos/pci-pc.h"
>> +#include "hw/pci/pci_regs.h"
>> +#include "hw/misc/iommu-testdev.h"
>> +#include "libqos/qos-intel-iommu.h"
>> +
>> +#define DMA_LEN           4
>> +
>> +/* Test configurations for different Intel IOMMU modes */
>> +static const QVTDTestConfig base_test_configs[] = {
>> +    {
>> +        .trans_mode = QVTD_TM_LEGACY_PT,
>> +        .dma_iova = 0x10100000,  /* Use address in guest RAM range (inside 512MB) */
>> +        .dma_pa = 0x10100000,
>> +        .dma_len = DMA_LEN,
>> +        .expected_result = 0,
>> +        .domain_id = 1,
>> +    },
>> +    {
>> +        .trans_mode = QVTD_TM_LEGACY_TRANS,
>> +        .dma_iova = QVTD_TEST_IOVA,
>> +        .dma_pa = QVTD_TEST_PA,
>> +        .dma_len = DMA_LEN,
>> +        .expected_result = 0,
>> +        .domain_id = 1,
>> +    },
>> +};
>> +
>> +static QPCIDevice *setup_qtest_pci_device(QTestState *qts, QPCIBus **pcibus,
>> +                                          QPCIBar *bar)
>> +{
>> +    uint16_t vid, did;
>> +    QPCIDevice *dev = NULL;
>> +    int device_count = 0;
>> +
>> +    *pcibus = qpci_new_pc(qts, NULL);
>> +    g_assert(*pcibus != NULL);
>> +
>> +    g_test_message("Scanning PCI bus for iommu-testdev (vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x)...",
>> +                   IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID, IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID);
>> +
>> +    /* Find device by vendor/device ID to avoid slot surprises. */
>> +    for (int s = 0; s < 32 && !dev; s++) {
>> +        for (int fn = 0; fn < 8 && !dev; fn++) {
>> +            QPCIDevice *cand = qpci_device_find(*pcibus, QPCI_DEVFN(s, fn));
>> +            if (!cand) {
>> +                continue;
>> +            }
>> +            vid = qpci_config_readw(cand, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
>> +            did = qpci_config_readw(cand, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
>> +
>> +            device_count++;
>> +            g_test_message("  Found PCI device at %02x:%x - vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x",
>> +                           s, fn, vid, did);
>> +
>> +            if (vid == IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID &&
>> +                did == IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID) {
>> +                dev = cand;
>> +                g_test_message("Found iommu-testdev! devfn: 0x%x", cand->devfn);
>> +            } else {
>> +                g_free(cand);
>> +            }
>> +        }
>> +    }
>> +
> 
> This manual PCI bus scanning is verbose. The SMMUv3 test uses
> qpci_device_foreach() which is more concise:
> 
>      qpci_device_foreach(&gbus->bus, IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID,
>                          IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID, save_fn, &dev);
> 
> See iommu-smmuv3-test.c for reference.
> 
Thanks for the review. I'ill improve the PCI bus scanning in v2.

>> +    if (!dev) {
>> +        g_test_message("ERROR: iommu-testdev not found after scanning %d PCI devices", device_count);
>> +        g_test_message("Expected vendor:device = 0x%04x:0x%04x (PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT:PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_TEST)",
>> +                       IOMMU_TESTDEV_VENDOR_ID, IOMMU_TESTDEV_DEVICE_ID);
>> +        qpci_free_pc(*pcibus);
>> +        *pcibus = NULL;
>> +        g_test_skip("iommu-testdev not found on PCI bus - device may not be compiled or registered");
>> +        return NULL;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    /* Enable device - iommu-testdev only uses MMIO, not I/O ports */
>> +    uint16_t cmd = qpci_config_readw(dev, PCI_COMMAND);
>> +    cmd |= PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
>> +    qpci_config_writew(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
>> +
>> +    *bar = qpci_iomap(dev, 0, NULL);
>> +    g_assert_false(bar->is_io);
>> +
>> +    return dev;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static void test_intel_iommu_translation(void)
>> +{
>> +    QTestState *qts;
>> +    QPCIBus *pcibus;
>> +    QPCIDevice *dev;
>> +    QPCIBar bar;
>> +
> Please add a machine availability check before qtest_init(), similar to
> what the SMMUv3 test does:
> 
Thanks for the review. I'ill add this check in v2.

>      if (!qtest_has_machine("q35")) {
>          g_test_skip("q35 machine not available");
>          return;
>      }
> 
>> +    /* Initialize QEMU environment for Intel IOMMU testing */
>> +    qts = qtest_init("-machine q35,kernel-irqchip=split "
>> +                     "-accel tcg "
>> +                     "-device intel-iommu,pt=on,aw-bits=48 "
>> +                     "-device iommu-testdev,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x4 "
>> +                     "-m 512");
>> +
>> +    /* Setup and configure PCI device */
>> +    dev = setup_qtest_pci_device(qts, &pcibus, &bar);
>> +    if (!dev) {
>> +        qtest_quit(qts);
>> +        return;
>> +    }
>> +
>> +    /* Run the translation tests */
>> +    g_test_message("### Starting Intel IOMMU translation tests...###");
>> +    qvtd_translation_batch(base_test_configs, ARRAY_SIZE(base_test_configs),
>> +                           qts, dev, bar, Q35_IOMMU_BASE);
>> +    g_test_message("### Intel IOMMU translation tests completed successfully! ###");
>> +
>> +    g_free(dev);
>> +    qpci_free_pc(pcibus);
>> +    qtest_quit(qts);
>> +}
>> +
>> +int main(int argc, char **argv)
>> +{
>> +    g_test_init(&argc, &argv, NULL);
>> +    qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel-translation", test_intel_iommu_translation);
> The test path naming differs from the SMMUv3 convention. For consistency,
> consider splitting into separate test functions and using paths like:
> 
>      qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel/legacy-pt", test_intel_legacy_pt);
>      qtest_add_func("/iommu-testdev/intel/legacy-trans", test_intel_legacy_trans);
> 
> This makes it easier to run individual test cases and debug failures.
> 
Thanks for the review. I will improve the test cases to make them consistent 
with the SMMUv3 implementation.

>> +    return g_test_run();
>> +}
> Missing newline at end of file. Please run scripts/checkpatch.pl check
> it.
> 
Thanks for the review. I will carefully use scripts/checkpatch.pl to review the 
v2 patch before submitting.

>> diff --git a/tests/qtest/meson.build b/tests/qtest/meson.build
>> index e2d2e68092..344e836300 100644
>> --- a/tests/qtest/meson.build
>> +++ b/tests/qtest/meson.build
>> @@ -95,6 +95,8 @@ qtests_i386 = \
>>     (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_SDHCI_PCI') ? ['fuzz-sdcard-test'] : []) +            \
>>     (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_ESP_PCI') ? ['am53c974-test'] : []) +                 \
>>     (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VTD') ? ['intel-iommu-test'] : []) +                 \
>> +  (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_VTD') and
>> +   config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_IOMMU_TESTDEV') ? ['iommu-intel-test'] : []) +      \
>>     (host_os != 'windows' and                                                                \
>>      config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_ACPI_ERST') ? ['erst-test'] : []) +                   \
>>     (config_all_devices.has_key('CONFIG_PCIE_PORT') and                                       \
>> -- 
>> 2.39.5
>>
> 
> One more thing: the MAINTAINERS entry in patch 1/2 only adds the libqos
> files. Please also add to 'X86 general architecture support':
> 
>      F: tests/qtest/iommu-intel-test.c
> 
> to the IOMMU section.
> 
It seems that 'VT-d Emulation' is more appropriate. I will add it to 'VT-d 
Emulation' first.

Thanks,
Fengyuan

> Overall, this is a nice addition to the IOMMU testing infrastructure.
> 
> Thanks,
> Chao