While the Spec v3 is not very clear, v6 states:

  If the host provides an out of range address as an argument
  to CMD32 or CMD33, the card shall indicate OUT_OF_RANGE error
  in R1 (ERX) for CMD38.

If an address is out of range, do not attempt to erase it:
return R1 with the error bit set.

Buglink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1895310
Reported-by: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Tested-by: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
Message-Id: <20201015063824.212980-6-f4bug@amsat.org>
---
 hw/sd/sd.c | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
index ee7b64023aa..4454d168e2f 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sd.c
+++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
@@ -766,6 +766,13 @@ static void sd_erase(SDState *sd)
         erase_end *= 512;
     }
 
+    if (sd->erase_start > sd->size || sd->erase_end > sd->size) {
+        sd->card_status |= OUT_OF_RANGE;
+        sd->erase_start = INVALID_ADDRESS;
+        sd->erase_end = INVALID_ADDRESS;
+        return;
+    }
+
     erase_start = sd_addr_to_wpnum(erase_start);
     erase_end = sd_addr_to_wpnum(erase_end);
     sd->erase_start = INVALID_ADDRESS;
-- 
2.26.2