From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Alignment rules apply the the individual partitions (user, boot, later
on also RPMB) and depend both on the size of the image and the type of
the device. Up to and including 2GB, the power-of-2 rule applies to the
user data area. For larger images, multiples of 512 sectors must be used
for eMMC and multiples of 512K for SD-cards. Fix the check accordingly
and also detect if the image is too small to even hold the boot
partitions.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Reviewed-by: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
---
CC: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
CC: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
CC: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
CC: Alistair Francis <alistair@alistair23.me>
CC: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
---
hw/sd/sd.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
index d7a496d77c..b42cd01d1f 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sd.c
+++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
@@ -2759,6 +2759,28 @@ static void sd_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
timer_free(sd->ocr_power_timer);
}
+static void sd_blk_size_error(SDState *sd, int64_t blk_size,
+ int64_t blk_size_aligned, const char *rule,
+ Error **errp)
+{
+ const char *dev_type = sd_is_emmc(sd) ? "eMMC" : "SD card";
+ char *blk_size_str;
+
+ blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
+ error_setg(errp, "Invalid %s size: %s", dev_type, blk_size_str);
+ g_free(blk_size_str);
+
+ blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
+ error_append_hint(errp,
+ "%s size has to be %s, e.g. %s.\n"
+ "You can resize disk images with"
+ " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
+ "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
+ " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
+ dev_type, rule, blk_size_str);
+ g_free(blk_size_str);
+}
+
static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
{
SDState *sd = SDMMC_COMMON(dev);
@@ -2781,25 +2803,26 @@ static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
return;
}
- blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk);
- if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
- int64_t blk_size_aligned = pow2ceil(blk_size);
- char *blk_size_str;
-
- blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
- error_setg(errp, "Invalid SD card size: %s", blk_size_str);
- g_free(blk_size_str);
-
- blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
- error_append_hint(errp,
- "SD card size has to be a power of 2, e.g. %s.\n"
- "You can resize disk images with"
- " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
- "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
- " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
- blk_size_str);
- g_free(blk_size_str);
-
+ blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk) - sd->boot_part_size * 2;
+ if (blk_size > SDSC_MAX_CAPACITY) {
+ if (sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (1 << HWBLOCK_SHIFT) != 0) {
+ int64_t blk_size_aligned =
+ ((blk_size >> HWBLOCK_SHIFT) + 1) << HWBLOCK_SHIFT;
+ sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
+ "multiples of 512", errp);
+ return;
+ } else if (!sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (512 * KiB)) {
+ int64_t blk_size_aligned = ((blk_size >> 19) + 1) << 19;
+ sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
+ "multiples of 512K", errp);
+ return;
+ }
+ } else if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
+ sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, pow2ceil(blk_size), "a power of 2",
+ errp);
+ return;
+ } else if (blk_size < 0) {
+ error_setg(errp, "eMMC image smaller than boot partitions");
return;
}
--
2.51.0
On 14.09.25 14:46, Jan Kiszka wrote:
> From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>
> Alignment rules apply the the individual partitions (user, boot, later
> on also RPMB) and depend both on the size of the image and the type of
> the device. Up to and including 2GB, the power-of-2 rule applies to the
> user data area. For larger images, multiples of 512 sectors must be used
> for eMMC and multiples of 512K for SD-cards. Fix the check accordingly
> and also detect if the image is too small to even hold the boot
> partitions.
>
> Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
> Reviewed-by: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
> ---
> CC: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
> CC: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
> CC: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
> CC: Alistair Francis <alistair@alistair23.me>
> CC: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
> ---
> hw/sd/sd.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
> 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
> index d7a496d77c..b42cd01d1f 100644
> --- a/hw/sd/sd.c
> +++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
> @@ -2759,6 +2759,28 @@ static void sd_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
> timer_free(sd->ocr_power_timer);
> }
>
> +static void sd_blk_size_error(SDState *sd, int64_t blk_size,
> + int64_t blk_size_aligned, const char *rule,
> + Error **errp)
> +{
> + const char *dev_type = sd_is_emmc(sd) ? "eMMC" : "SD card";
> + char *blk_size_str;
> +
> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
> + error_setg(errp, "Invalid %s size: %s", dev_type, blk_size_str);
> + g_free(blk_size_str);
> +
> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
> + error_append_hint(errp,
> + "%s size has to be %s, e.g. %s.\n"
> + "You can resize disk images with"
> + " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
> + "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
> + " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
> + dev_type, rule, blk_size_str);
> + g_free(blk_size_str);
> +}
> +
> static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> {
> SDState *sd = SDMMC_COMMON(dev);
> @@ -2781,25 +2803,26 @@ static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> return;
> }
>
> - blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk);
> - if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
> - int64_t blk_size_aligned = pow2ceil(blk_size);
> - char *blk_size_str;
> -
> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
> - error_setg(errp, "Invalid SD card size: %s", blk_size_str);
> - g_free(blk_size_str);
> -
> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
> - error_append_hint(errp,
> - "SD card size has to be a power of 2, e.g. %s.\n"
> - "You can resize disk images with"
> - " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
> - "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
> - " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
> - blk_size_str);
> - g_free(blk_size_str);
> -
> + blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk) - sd->boot_part_size * 2;
> + if (blk_size > SDSC_MAX_CAPACITY) {
> + if (sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (1 << HWBLOCK_SHIFT) != 0) {
> + int64_t blk_size_aligned =
> + ((blk_size >> HWBLOCK_SHIFT) + 1) << HWBLOCK_SHIFT;
> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
> + "multiples of 512", errp);
> + return;
> + } else if (!sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (512 * KiB)) {
> + int64_t blk_size_aligned = ((blk_size >> 19) + 1) << 19;
> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
> + "multiples of 512K", errp);
> + return;
> + }
> + } else if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, pow2ceil(blk_size), "a power of 2",
> + errp);
> + return;
> + } else if (blk_size < 0) {
> + error_setg(errp, "eMMC image smaller than boot partitions");
Cedric, I just played with some ast* machines and noticed that they now
trigger that error above when no eMMC disk image is specified
("qemu-system-aarch64 -M ast2700a1-evb"). Is that a valid error, i.e. we
shouldn't have tried to boot without an eMMC at all so far, or would
this be a regression?
Jan
> return;
> }
>
--
Siemens AG, Foundational Technologies
Linux Expert Center
+ Jamin
On 9/16/25 13:39, Jan Kiszka wrote:
> On 14.09.25 14:46, Jan Kiszka wrote:
>> From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>>
>> Alignment rules apply the the individual partitions (user, boot, later
>> on also RPMB) and depend both on the size of the image and the type of
>> the device. Up to and including 2GB, the power-of-2 rule applies to the
>> user data area. For larger images, multiples of 512 sectors must be used
>> for eMMC and multiples of 512K for SD-cards. Fix the check accordingly
>> and also detect if the image is too small to even hold the boot
>> partitions.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>> Reviewed-by: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
>> ---
>> CC: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
>> CC: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
>> CC: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
>> CC: Alistair Francis <alistair@alistair23.me>
>> CC: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
>> ---
>> hw/sd/sd.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
>> 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
>> index d7a496d77c..b42cd01d1f 100644
>> --- a/hw/sd/sd.c
>> +++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
>> @@ -2759,6 +2759,28 @@ static void sd_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
>> timer_free(sd->ocr_power_timer);
>> }
>>
>> +static void sd_blk_size_error(SDState *sd, int64_t blk_size,
>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned, const char *rule,
>> + Error **errp)
>> +{
>> + const char *dev_type = sd_is_emmc(sd) ? "eMMC" : "SD card";
>> + char *blk_size_str;
>> +
>> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
>> + error_setg(errp, "Invalid %s size: %s", dev_type, blk_size_str);
>> + g_free(blk_size_str);
>> +
>> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
>> + error_append_hint(errp,
>> + "%s size has to be %s, e.g. %s.\n"
>> + "You can resize disk images with"
>> + " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
>> + "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
>> + " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
>> + dev_type, rule, blk_size_str);
>> + g_free(blk_size_str);
>> +}
>> +
>> static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>> {
>> SDState *sd = SDMMC_COMMON(dev);
>> @@ -2781,25 +2803,26 @@ static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>> return;
>> }
>>
>> - blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk);
>> - if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
>> - int64_t blk_size_aligned = pow2ceil(blk_size);
>> - char *blk_size_str;
>> -
>> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
>> - error_setg(errp, "Invalid SD card size: %s", blk_size_str);
>> - g_free(blk_size_str);
>> -
>> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
>> - error_append_hint(errp,
>> - "SD card size has to be a power of 2, e.g. %s.\n"
>> - "You can resize disk images with"
>> - " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
>> - "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
>> - " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
>> - blk_size_str);
>> - g_free(blk_size_str);
>> -
>> + blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk) - sd->boot_part_size * 2;
>> + if (blk_size > SDSC_MAX_CAPACITY) {
>> + if (sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (1 << HWBLOCK_SHIFT) != 0) {
>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned =
>> + ((blk_size >> HWBLOCK_SHIFT) + 1) << HWBLOCK_SHIFT;
>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
>> + "multiples of 512", errp);
>> + return;
>> + } else if (!sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (512 * KiB)) {
>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned = ((blk_size >> 19) + 1) << 19;
>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
>> + "multiples of 512K", errp);
>> + return;
>> + }
>> + } else if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, pow2ceil(blk_size), "a power of 2",
>> + errp);
>> + return;
>> + } else if (blk_size < 0) {
>> + error_setg(errp, "eMMC image smaller than boot partitions");
>
> Cedric, I just played with some ast* machines and noticed that they now
> trigger that error above when no eMMC disk image is specified
> ("qemu-system-aarch64 -M ast2700a1-evb"). Is that a valid error, i.e. we
> shouldn't have tried to boot without an eMMC at all so far, or would
> this be a regression?
Only the ast2600-evb and the rainier-bmc have eMMC support.
I don't think the ast2700a1-evb has eMMC support. Jamin ?
The rainier-bmc boots by default from eMMC. Nothing really
special about the image, the first boot partition includes
the u-boot-spl.bin and u-boot.bin images at expected offset.
The machine model loads the u-boot-spl.bin contents as a ROM.
The ast2600-evb machine boots from flash. To add an eMMC drive
(needs to be the 3rd 'sd' drive), use this command line :
$ qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -net nic,netdev=net0 -netdev user,id=net0 \
-drive file=./v09.07/ast2600-default/image-bmc,format=raw,if=mtd -serial mon:stdio \
-drive file=mmc-ast2600-evb-noboot.qcow2,format=qcow2,if=sd,id=sd2,index=2
....
U-Boot 2019.04-v00.04.22 (Jun 17 2025 - 08:57:39 +0000)
SOC: AST2600-A3
eSPI Mode: SIO:Enable : SuperIO-2e
Eth: MAC0: RGMII, MAC1: RGMII, MAC2: RGMII, MAC3: RGMII
Model: AST2600 EVB
DRAM: already initialized, 1008 MiB (capacity:1024 MiB, VGA:64 MiB, ECC:off)
RC Bridge phy@1e6ed200 : Link up
MMC: sdhci_slot0@100: 1, sdhci_slot1@200: 2, emmc_slot0@100: 0
....
[ 4.209117] mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001
[ 4.211765] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 QEMU!! 16.0 GiB
[ 4.233637] GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the end of the disk.
[ 4.233995] GPT:29624393 != 33554431
[ 4.234161] GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk.
[ 4.234399] GPT:29624393 != 33554431
[ 4.234549] GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors.
[ 4.235223] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7
Thanks,
C.
> Only the ast2600-evb and the rainier-bmc have eMMC support. > I don't think the ast2700a1-evb has eMMC support. Jamin ? > Yes, the AST2700 does not support booting from eMMC yet. Jamin > > > The rainier-bmc boots by default from eMMC. Nothing really special about the > image, the first boot partition includes the u-boot-spl.bin and u-boot.bin > images at expected offset. > The machine model loads the u-boot-spl.bin contents as a ROM. > > The ast2600-evb machine boots from flash. To add an eMMC drive (needs to > be the 3rd 'sd' drive), use this command line : > > $ qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -net nic,netdev=net0 -netdev > user,id=net0 \ > -drive file=./v09.07/ast2600-default/image-bmc,format=raw,if=mtd > -serial mon:stdio \ > -drive > file=mmc-ast2600-evb-noboot.qcow2,format=qcow2,if=sd,id=sd2,index=2 > > .... > U-Boot 2019.04-v00.04.22 (Jun 17 2025 - 08:57:39 +0000) > > SOC: AST2600-A3 > eSPI Mode: SIO:Enable : SuperIO-2e > Eth: MAC0: RGMII, MAC1: RGMII, MAC2: RGMII, MAC3: RGMII > Model: AST2600 EVB > DRAM: already initialized, 1008 MiB (capacity:1024 MiB, VGA:64 MiB, > ECC:off) > RC Bridge phy@1e6ed200 : Link up > MMC: sdhci_slot0@100: 1, sdhci_slot1@200: 2, emmc_slot0@100: 0 > > .... > [ 4.209117] mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001 > [ 4.211765] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 QEMU!! 16.0 GiB > [ 4.233637] GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the end > of the disk. > [ 4.233995] GPT:29624393 != 33554431 > [ 4.234161] GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk. > [ 4.234399] GPT:29624393 != 33554431 > [ 4.234549] GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors. > [ 4.235223] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 > > > Thanks, > > C. >
On 16.09.25 18:14, Cédric Le Goater wrote:
> + Jamin
>
> On 9/16/25 13:39, Jan Kiszka wrote:
>> On 14.09.25 14:46, Jan Kiszka wrote:
>>> From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>>>
>>> Alignment rules apply the the individual partitions (user, boot, later
>>> on also RPMB) and depend both on the size of the image and the type of
>>> the device. Up to and including 2GB, the power-of-2 rule applies to the
>>> user data area. For larger images, multiples of 512 sectors must be used
>>> for eMMC and multiples of 512K for SD-cards. Fix the check accordingly
>>> and also detect if the image is too small to even hold the boot
>>> partitions.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>>> Reviewed-by: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
>>> ---
>>> CC: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
>>> CC: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
>>> CC: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
>>> CC: Alistair Francis <alistair@alistair23.me>
>>> CC: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
>>> ---
>>> hw/sd/sd.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
>>> 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
>>> index d7a496d77c..b42cd01d1f 100644
>>> --- a/hw/sd/sd.c
>>> +++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
>>> @@ -2759,6 +2759,28 @@ static void sd_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
>>> timer_free(sd->ocr_power_timer);
>>> }
>>> +static void sd_blk_size_error(SDState *sd, int64_t blk_size,
>>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned, const char
>>> *rule,
>>> + Error **errp)
>>> +{
>>> + const char *dev_type = sd_is_emmc(sd) ? "eMMC" : "SD card";
>>> + char *blk_size_str;
>>> +
>>> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
>>> + error_setg(errp, "Invalid %s size: %s", dev_type, blk_size_str);
>>> + g_free(blk_size_str);
>>> +
>>> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
>>> + error_append_hint(errp,
>>> + "%s size has to be %s, e.g. %s.\n"
>>> + "You can resize disk images with"
>>> + " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
>>> + "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
>>> + " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
>>> + dev_type, rule, blk_size_str);
>>> + g_free(blk_size_str);
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>>> {
>>> SDState *sd = SDMMC_COMMON(dev);
>>> @@ -2781,25 +2803,26 @@ static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev,
>>> Error **errp)
>>> return;
>>> }
>>> - blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk);
>>> - if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
>>> - int64_t blk_size_aligned = pow2ceil(blk_size);
>>> - char *blk_size_str;
>>> -
>>> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
>>> - error_setg(errp, "Invalid SD card size: %s", blk_size_str);
>>> - g_free(blk_size_str);
>>> -
>>> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
>>> - error_append_hint(errp,
>>> - "SD card size has to be a power of 2,
>>> e.g. %s.\n"
>>> - "You can resize disk images with"
>>> - " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-
>>> size>'\n"
>>> - "(note that this will lose data if you
>>> make the"
>>> - " image smaller than it currently is).
>>> \n",
>>> - blk_size_str);
>>> - g_free(blk_size_str);
>>> -
>>> + blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk) - sd->boot_part_size * 2;
>>> + if (blk_size > SDSC_MAX_CAPACITY) {
>>> + if (sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (1 << HWBLOCK_SHIFT) !=
>>> 0) {
>>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned =
>>> + ((blk_size >> HWBLOCK_SHIFT) + 1) << HWBLOCK_SHIFT;
>>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
>>> + "multiples of 512", errp);
>>> + return;
>>> + } else if (!sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (512 * KiB)) {
>>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned = ((blk_size >> 19) + 1) <<
>>> 19;
>>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
>>> + "multiples of 512K", errp);
>>> + return;
>>> + }
>>> + } else if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
>>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, pow2ceil(blk_size), "a
>>> power of 2",
>>> + errp);
>>> + return;
>>> + } else if (blk_size < 0) {
>>> + error_setg(errp, "eMMC image smaller than boot
>>> partitions");
>>
>> Cedric, I just played with some ast* machines and noticed that they now
>> trigger that error above when no eMMC disk image is specified
>> ("qemu-system-aarch64 -M ast2700a1-evb"). Is that a valid error, i.e. we
>> shouldn't have tried to boot without an eMMC at all so far, or would
>> this be a regression?
>
> Only the ast2600-evb and the rainier-bmc have eMMC support.
> I don't think the ast2700a1-evb has eMMC support. Jamin ?
>
>
>
> The rainier-bmc boots by default from eMMC. Nothing really
> special about the image, the first boot partition includes
> the u-boot-spl.bin and u-boot.bin images at expected offset.
> The machine model loads the u-boot-spl.bin contents as a ROM.
>
> The ast2600-evb machine boots from flash. To add an eMMC drive
> (needs to be the 3rd 'sd' drive), use this command line :
>
> $ qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -net nic,netdev=net0 -netdev
> user,id=net0 \
> -drive file=./v09.07/ast2600-default/image-bmc,format=raw,if=mtd -
> serial mon:stdio \
> -drive file=mmc-ast2600-evb-
> noboot.qcow2,format=qcow2,if=sd,id=sd2,index=2
> ....
> U-Boot 2019.04-v00.04.22 (Jun 17 2025 - 08:57:39 +0000)
> SOC: AST2600-A3
> eSPI Mode: SIO:Enable : SuperIO-2e
> Eth: MAC0: RGMII, MAC1: RGMII, MAC2: RGMII, MAC3: RGMII
> Model: AST2600 EVB
> DRAM: already initialized, 1008 MiB (capacity:1024 MiB, VGA:64 MiB,
> ECC:off)
> RC Bridge phy@1e6ed200 : Link up
> MMC: sdhci_slot0@100: 1, sdhci_slot1@200: 2, emmc_slot0@100: 0
> ....
> [ 4.209117] mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001
> [ 4.211765] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 QEMU!! 16.0 GiB
> [ 4.233637] GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the
> end of the disk.
> [ 4.233995] GPT:29624393 != 33554431
> [ 4.234161] GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk.
> [ 4.234399] GPT:29624393 != 33554431
> [ 4.234549] GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors.
> [ 4.235223] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7
>
$ ./qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb
qemu-system-arm: eMMC image smaller than boot partitions
$ ./qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -drive file=disk.image,if=sd
<works if disk.image is large enough>
Is that ok?
Jan
--
Siemens AG, Foundational Technologies
Linux Expert Center
On 9/16/25 19:17, Jan Kiszka wrote:
> On 16.09.25 18:14, Cédric Le Goater wrote:
>> + Jamin
>>
>> On 9/16/25 13:39, Jan Kiszka wrote:
>>> On 14.09.25 14:46, Jan Kiszka wrote:
>>>> From: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>>>>
>>>> Alignment rules apply the the individual partitions (user, boot, later
>>>> on also RPMB) and depend both on the size of the image and the type of
>>>> the device. Up to and including 2GB, the power-of-2 rule applies to the
>>>> user data area. For larger images, multiples of 512 sectors must be used
>>>> for eMMC and multiples of 512K for SD-cards. Fix the check accordingly
>>>> and also detect if the image is too small to even hold the boot
>>>> partitions.
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
>>>> Reviewed-by: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
>>>> ---
>>>> CC: Warner Losh <imp@bsdimp.com>
>>>> CC: Cédric Le Goater <clg@kaod.org>
>>>> CC: Joel Stanley <joel@jms.id.au>
>>>> CC: Alistair Francis <alistair@alistair23.me>
>>>> CC: Alexander Bulekov <alxndr@bu.edu>
>>>> ---
>>>> hw/sd/sd.c | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
>>>> 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/hw/sd/sd.c b/hw/sd/sd.c
>>>> index d7a496d77c..b42cd01d1f 100644
>>>> --- a/hw/sd/sd.c
>>>> +++ b/hw/sd/sd.c
>>>> @@ -2759,6 +2759,28 @@ static void sd_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
>>>> timer_free(sd->ocr_power_timer);
>>>> }
>>>> +static void sd_blk_size_error(SDState *sd, int64_t blk_size,
>>>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned, const char
>>>> *rule,
>>>> + Error **errp)
>>>> +{
>>>> + const char *dev_type = sd_is_emmc(sd) ? "eMMC" : "SD card";
>>>> + char *blk_size_str;
>>>> +
>>>> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
>>>> + error_setg(errp, "Invalid %s size: %s", dev_type, blk_size_str);
>>>> + g_free(blk_size_str);
>>>> +
>>>> + blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
>>>> + error_append_hint(errp,
>>>> + "%s size has to be %s, e.g. %s.\n"
>>>> + "You can resize disk images with"
>>>> + " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-size>'\n"
>>>> + "(note that this will lose data if you make the"
>>>> + " image smaller than it currently is).\n",
>>>> + dev_type, rule, blk_size_str);
>>>> + g_free(blk_size_str);
>>>> +}
>>>> +
>>>> static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>>>> {
>>>> SDState *sd = SDMMC_COMMON(dev);
>>>> @@ -2781,25 +2803,26 @@ static void sd_realize(DeviceState *dev,
>>>> Error **errp)
>>>> return;
>>>> }
>>>> - blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk);
>>>> - if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
>>>> - int64_t blk_size_aligned = pow2ceil(blk_size);
>>>> - char *blk_size_str;
>>>> -
>>>> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size);
>>>> - error_setg(errp, "Invalid SD card size: %s", blk_size_str);
>>>> - g_free(blk_size_str);
>>>> -
>>>> - blk_size_str = size_to_str(blk_size_aligned);
>>>> - error_append_hint(errp,
>>>> - "SD card size has to be a power of 2,
>>>> e.g. %s.\n"
>>>> - "You can resize disk images with"
>>>> - " 'qemu-img resize <imagefile> <new-
>>>> size>'\n"
>>>> - "(note that this will lose data if you
>>>> make the"
>>>> - " image smaller than it currently is).
>>>> \n",
>>>> - blk_size_str);
>>>> - g_free(blk_size_str);
>>>> -
>>>> + blk_size = blk_getlength(sd->blk) - sd->boot_part_size * 2;
>>>> + if (blk_size > SDSC_MAX_CAPACITY) {
>>>> + if (sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (1 << HWBLOCK_SHIFT) !=
>>>> 0) {
>>>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned =
>>>> + ((blk_size >> HWBLOCK_SHIFT) + 1) << HWBLOCK_SHIFT;
>>>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
>>>> + "multiples of 512", errp);
>>>> + return;
>>>> + } else if (!sd_is_emmc(sd) && blk_size % (512 * KiB)) {
>>>> + int64_t blk_size_aligned = ((blk_size >> 19) + 1) <<
>>>> 19;
>>>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, blk_size_aligned,
>>>> + "multiples of 512K", errp);
>>>> + return;
>>>> + }
>>>> + } else if (blk_size > 0 && !is_power_of_2(blk_size)) {
>>>> + sd_blk_size_error(sd, blk_size, pow2ceil(blk_size), "a
>>>> power of 2",
>>>> + errp);
>>>> + return;
>>>> + } else if (blk_size < 0) {
>>>> + error_setg(errp, "eMMC image smaller than boot
>>>> partitions");
>>>
>>> Cedric, I just played with some ast* machines and noticed that they now
>>> trigger that error above when no eMMC disk image is specified
>>> ("qemu-system-aarch64 -M ast2700a1-evb"). Is that a valid error, i.e. we
>>> shouldn't have tried to boot without an eMMC at all so far, or would
>>> this be a regression?
>>
>> Only the ast2600-evb and the rainier-bmc have eMMC support.
>> I don't think the ast2700a1-evb has eMMC support. Jamin ?
>>
>>
>>
>> The rainier-bmc boots by default from eMMC. Nothing really
>> special about the image, the first boot partition includes
>> the u-boot-spl.bin and u-boot.bin images at expected offset.
>> The machine model loads the u-boot-spl.bin contents as a ROM.
>>
>> The ast2600-evb machine boots from flash. To add an eMMC drive
>> (needs to be the 3rd 'sd' drive), use this command line :
>>
>> $ qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -net nic,netdev=net0 -netdev
>> user,id=net0 \
>> -drive file=./v09.07/ast2600-default/image-bmc,format=raw,if=mtd -
>> serial mon:stdio \
>> -drive file=mmc-ast2600-evb-
>> noboot.qcow2,format=qcow2,if=sd,id=sd2,index=2
>> ....
>> U-Boot 2019.04-v00.04.22 (Jun 17 2025 - 08:57:39 +0000)
>> SOC: AST2600-A3
>> eSPI Mode: SIO:Enable : SuperIO-2e
>> Eth: MAC0: RGMII, MAC1: RGMII, MAC2: RGMII, MAC3: RGMII
>> Model: AST2600 EVB
>> DRAM: already initialized, 1008 MiB (capacity:1024 MiB, VGA:64 MiB,
>> ECC:off)
>> RC Bridge phy@1e6ed200 : Link up
>> MMC: sdhci_slot0@100: 1, sdhci_slot1@200: 2, emmc_slot0@100: 0
>> ....
>> [ 4.209117] mmc0: new high speed MMC card at address 0001
>> [ 4.211765] mmcblk0: mmc0:0001 QEMU!! 16.0 GiB
>> [ 4.233637] GPT:Primary header thinks Alt. header is not at the
>> end of the disk.
>> [ 4.233995] GPT:29624393 != 33554431
>> [ 4.234161] GPT:Alternate GPT header not at the end of the disk.
>> [ 4.234399] GPT:29624393 != 33554431
>> [ 4.234549] GPT: Use GNU Parted to correct GPT errors.
>> [ 4.235223] mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7
>>
>
> $ ./qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb
> qemu-system-arm: eMMC image smaller than boot partitions
> $ ./qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -drive file=disk.image,if=sd
> <works if disk.image is large enough>
>
> Is that ok?
No. This is wrong.
An sd card device is auto created at init time and a 'DriveInfo *'
is always available for index 0. 'mc->auto_create_sdcard' should
be set to false IMO.
commit cdc8d7cadaac ("hw/boards: Rename no_sdcard ->
auto_create_sdcard") seems to have changed the behavior of
several machines. See 'make check'.
C.
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