[PATCH] disas/nanomips: Convert nanoMIPS disassembler to C

Milica Lazarevic posted 1 patch 1 year, 9 months ago
Patches applied successfully (tree, apply log)
git fetch https://github.com/patchew-project/qemu tags/patchew/20220729140252.66572-1-milica.lazarevic@syrmia.com
Maintainers: Stefan Pejic <stefan.pejic@syrmia.com>, "Philippe Mathieu-Daudé" <f4bug@amsat.org>, Jiaxun Yang <jiaxun.yang@flygoat.com>
disas/meson.build                  |    2 +-
disas/{nanomips.cpp => nanomips.c} | 8407 ++++++++++++++--------------
disas/nanomips.h                   | 1076 ----
3 files changed, 4154 insertions(+), 5331 deletions(-)
rename disas/{nanomips.cpp => nanomips.c} (73%)
delete mode 100644 disas/nanomips.h
[PATCH] disas/nanomips: Convert nanoMIPS disassembler to C
Posted by Milica Lazarevic 1 year, 9 months ago
C++ features like class, exception handling and function overloading
have been removed and replaced with equivalent C code.

Signed-off-by: Milica Lazarevic <milica.lazarevic@syrmia.com>
---
Please see the discussion about why converting it here:
https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2022-06/msg01803.html

The validity of the disassembler after refactoring has been tested with
the QEMU emulator version 6.0.1. With the most recent version, there is a
problem with the executing nanoMIPS programs in the semihosting mode. The
issue is reported here: https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1126
We're currently working on fixing this.

 disas/meson.build                  |    2 +-
 disas/{nanomips.cpp => nanomips.c} | 8407 ++++++++++++++--------------
 disas/nanomips.h                   | 1076 ----
 3 files changed, 4154 insertions(+), 5331 deletions(-)
 rename disas/{nanomips.cpp => nanomips.c} (73%)
 delete mode 100644 disas/nanomips.h

diff --git a/disas/meson.build b/disas/meson.build
index ba22f7cbcd..1977f5cd92 100644
--- a/disas/meson.build
+++ b/disas/meson.build
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_HPPA_DIS', if_true: files('hppa.c'))
 common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_M68K_DIS', if_true: files('m68k.c'))
 common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_MICROBLAZE_DIS', if_true: files('microblaze.c'))
 common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_MIPS_DIS', if_true: files('mips.c'))
-common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_NANOMIPS_DIS', if_true: files('nanomips.cpp'))
+common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_NANOMIPS_DIS', if_true: files('nanomips.c'))
 common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_NIOS2_DIS', if_true: files('nios2.c'))
 common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_RISCV_DIS', if_true: files('riscv.c'))
 common_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_SH4_DIS', if_true: files('sh4.c'))
diff --git a/disas/nanomips.cpp b/disas/nanomips.c
similarity index 73%
rename from disas/nanomips.cpp
rename to disas/nanomips.c
index 9be8df75dd..09ee296371 100644
--- a/disas/nanomips.cpp
+++ b/disas/nanomips.c
@@ -30,274 +30,121 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "disas/dis-asm.h"
 
-#include <cstring>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <sstream>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
-
-#include "nanomips.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
 
 #define IMGASSERTONCE(test)
 
+typedef int64_t int64;
+typedef uint64_t uint64;
+typedef uint32_t uint32;
+typedef uint16_t uint16;
+typedef uint64_t img_address;
+typedef char *(*disassembly_function)(uint64 instruction);
+typedef bool(*conditional_function)(uint64 instruction);
+
+typedef enum {
+    instruction,
+    call_instruction,
+    branch_instruction,
+    return_instruction,
+    reserved_block,
+    pool,
+} TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE;
+
+typedef enum {
+    MIPS64_ = 0x00000001,
+    XNP_ = 0x00000002,
+    XMMS_ = 0x00000004,
+    EVA_ = 0x00000008,
+    DSP_ = 0x00000010,
+    MT_ = 0x00000020,
+    EJTAG_ = 0x00000040,
+    TLBINV_ = 0x00000080,
+    CP0_ = 0x00000100,
+    CP1_ = 0x00000200,
+    CP2_ = 0x00000400,
+    UDI_ = 0x00000800,
+    MCU_ = 0x00001000,
+    VZ_ = 0x00002000,
+    TLB_ = 0x00004000,
+    MVH_ = 0x00008000,
+    ALL_ATTRIBUTES = 0xffffffffull,
+} TABLE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+
+struct Pool {
+    TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE     type;
+    struct Pool          *next_table;
+    int                  next_table_size;
+    int                  instructions_size;
+    uint64               mask;
+    uint64               value;
+    disassembly_function disassembly;
+    conditional_function condition;
+    uint64               attributes;
+};
 
-int nanomips_dis(char *buf,
-                 unsigned address,
-                 unsigned short one,
-                 unsigned short two,
-                 unsigned short three)
-{
-    std::string disasm;
-    uint16 bits[3] = {one, two, three};
-
-    NMD::TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE type;
-    NMD d(address, NMD::ALL_ATTRIBUTES);
-    int size = d.Disassemble(bits, disasm, type);
+static img_address           m_pc;
+static TABLE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE   m_requested_instruction_categories;
+static struct disassemble_info *disassm_info;
+static jmp_buf j_buf;
 
-    strcpy(buf, disasm.c_str());
-    return size;
-}
-
-int print_insn_nanomips(bfd_vma memaddr, struct disassemble_info *info)
+static char *img_format(const char *format, ...)
 {
-    int status;
-    bfd_byte buffer[2];
-    uint16_t insn1 = 0, insn2 = 0, insn3 = 0;
-    char buf[200];
-
-    info->bytes_per_chunk = 2;
-    info->display_endian = info->endian;
-    info->insn_info_valid = 1;
-    info->branch_delay_insns = 0;
-    info->data_size = 0;
-    info->insn_type = dis_nonbranch;
-    info->target = 0;
-    info->target2 = 0;
-
-    status = (*info->read_memory_func)(memaddr, buffer, 2, info);
-    if (status != 0) {
-        (*info->memory_error_func)(status, memaddr, info);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (info->endian == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG) {
-        insn1 = bfd_getb16(buffer);
-    } else {
-        insn1 = bfd_getl16(buffer);
-    }
-    (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "%04x ", insn1);
-
-    /* Handle 32-bit opcodes.  */
-    if ((insn1 & 0x1000) == 0) {
-        status = (*info->read_memory_func)(memaddr + 2, buffer, 2, info);
-        if (status != 0) {
-            (*info->memory_error_func)(status, memaddr + 2, info);
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (info->endian == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG) {
-            insn2 = bfd_getb16(buffer);
-        } else {
-            insn2 = bfd_getl16(buffer);
-        }
-        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "%04x ", insn2);
-    } else {
-        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "     ");
-    }
-    /* Handle 48-bit opcodes.  */
-    if ((insn1 >> 10) == 0x18) {
-        status = (*info->read_memory_func)(memaddr + 4, buffer, 2, info);
-        if (status != 0) {
-            (*info->memory_error_func)(status, memaddr + 4, info);
-            return -1;
-        }
-
-        if (info->endian == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG) {
-            insn3 = bfd_getb16(buffer);
-        } else {
-            insn3 = bfd_getl16(buffer);
-        }
-        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "%04x ", insn3);
-    } else {
-        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "     ");
-    }
-
-    int length = nanomips_dis(buf, memaddr, insn1, insn2, insn3);
-
-    /* FIXME: Should probably use a hash table on the major opcode here.  */
-
-    (*info->fprintf_func) (info->stream, "%s", buf);
-    if (length > 0) {
-        return length / 8;
+    char buffer[256];
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    int err = vsprintf(buffer, format, args);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        perror(buffer);
     }
-
-    info->insn_type = dis_noninsn;
-
-    return insn3 ? 6 : insn2 ? 4 : 2;
+    va_end(args);
+    return strdup(buffer);
 }
 
 
-namespace img
-{
-    address addr32(address a)
-    {
-        return a;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format, ...)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-        va_list args;
-        va_start(args, format);
-        int err = vsprintf(buffer, format, args);
-        if (err < 0) {
-            perror(buffer);
-        }
-        va_end(args);
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s1,
-                       std::string s2)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s1.c_str(), s2.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s1,
-                       std::string s2,
-                       std::string s3)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s1.c_str(), s2.c_str(), s3.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s1,
-                       std::string s2,
-                       std::string s3,
-                       std::string s4)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s1.c_str(), s2.c_str(), s3.c_str(),
-                                s4.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s1,
-                       std::string s2,
-                       std::string s3,
-                       std::string s4,
-                       std::string s5)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s1.c_str(), s2.c_str(), s3.c_str(),
-                                s4.c_str(), s5.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       uint64 d,
-                       std::string s2)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, d, s2.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s1,
-                       uint64 d,
-                       std::string s2)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s1.c_str(), d, s2.c_str());
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    std::string format(const char *format,
-                       std::string s1,
-                       std::string s2,
-                       uint64 d)
-    {
-        char buffer[256];
-
-        sprintf(buffer, format, s1.c_str(), s2.c_str(), d);
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
-    char as_char(int c)
-    {
-        return static_cast<char>(c);
-    }
-};
-
-
-std::string to_string(img::address a)
+static char *to_string(img_address a)
 {
     char buffer[256];
     sprintf(buffer, "0x%" PRIx64, a);
-    return buffer;
+    return strdup(buffer);
 }
 
 
-uint64 extract_bits(uint64 data, uint32 bit_offset, uint32 bit_size)
+static uint64 extract_bits(uint64 data, uint32 bit_offset, uint32 bit_size)
 {
     return (data << (64 - (bit_size + bit_offset))) >> (64 - bit_size);
 }
 
 
-int64 sign_extend(int64 data, int msb)
+static int64 sign_extend(int64 data, int msb)
 {
     uint64 shift = 63 - msb;
     return (data << shift) >> shift;
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::renumber_registers(uint64 index, uint64 *register_list,
-                               size_t register_list_size)
+static uint64 renumber_registers(uint64 index, uint64 *register_list,
+                                 size_t register_list_size)
 {
     if (index < register_list_size) {
         return register_list[index];
     }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error(img::format(
-                   "Invalid register mapping index %" PRIu64
-                   ", size of list = %zu",
-                   index, register_list_size));
+    const char *err = img_format(
+                      "Invalid register mapping index %" PRIu64
+                      ", size of list = %zu",
+                      index, register_list_size);
+    (*disassm_info->fprintf_func)(disassm_info->stream, "%s", err);
+    longjmp(j_buf, 1);
 }
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4() - decoder for 'gpr4' gpr encoding type
+ * decode_gpr_gpr4() - decoder for 'gpr4' gpr encoding type
  *
  *   Map a 4-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
  *
@@ -322,7 +169,7 @@ uint64 NMD::renumber_registers(uint64 index, uint64 *register_list,
  *     - MUL[4X4]
  *     - SW[4X4]
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr4(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = {  8,  9, 10, 11,  4,  5,  6,  7,
                                       16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 };
@@ -332,7 +179,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4(uint64 d)
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4_zero() - decoder for 'gpr4.zero' gpr encoding type
+ * decode_gpr_gpr4_zero() - decoder for 'gpr4.zero' gpr encoding type
  *
  *   Map a 4-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
  *
@@ -358,7 +205,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4(uint64 d)
  *     - MOVEP
  *     - SW[4X4]
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = {  8,  9, 10,  0,  4,  5,  6,  7,
                                       16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 };
@@ -368,7 +215,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(uint64 d)
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3() - decoder for 'gpr3' gpr encoding type
+ * decode_gpr_gpr3() - decoder for 'gpr3' gpr encoding type
  *
  *   Map a 3-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
  *
@@ -417,7 +264,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(uint64 d)
  *     - SW[16]
  *     - XOR[16]
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr3(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = { 16, 17, 18, 19,  4,  5,  6,  7 };
     return renumber_registers(d, register_list,
@@ -426,7 +273,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3(uint64 d)
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store() - decoder for 'gpr3.src.store' gpr encoding
+ * decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store() - decoder for 'gpr3.src.store' gpr encoding
  *     type
  *
  *   Map a 3-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
@@ -457,7 +304,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3(uint64 d)
  *     - SW[16]
  *     - SW[GP16]
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = {  0, 17, 18, 19,  4,  5,  6,  7 };
     return renumber_registers(d, register_list,
@@ -466,7 +313,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(uint64 d)
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1() - decoder for 'gpr2.reg1' gpr encoding type
+ * decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1() - decoder for 'gpr2.reg1' gpr encoding type
  *
  *   Map a 2-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
  *
@@ -487,7 +334,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(uint64 d)
  *     - MOVEP
  *     - MOVEP[REV]
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = {  4,  5,  6,  7 };
     return renumber_registers(d, register_list,
@@ -496,7 +343,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(uint64 d)
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2() - decoder for 'gpr2.reg2' gpr encoding type
+ * decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2() - decoder for 'gpr2.reg2' gpr encoding type
  *
  *   Map a 2-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
  *
@@ -517,7 +364,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(uint64 d)
  *     - MOVEP
  *     - MOVEP[REV]
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = {  5,  6,  7,  8 };
     return renumber_registers(d, register_list,
@@ -526,7 +373,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(uint64 d)
 
 
 /*
- * NMD::decode_gpr_gpr1() - decoder for 'gpr1' gpr encoding type
+ * decode_gpr_gpr1() - decoder for 'gpr1' gpr encoding type
  *
  *   Map a 1-bit code to the 5-bit register space according to this pattern:
  *
@@ -546,7 +393,7 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(uint64 d)
  *
  *     - MOVE.BALC
  */
-uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr1(uint64 d)
+static uint64 decode_gpr_gpr1(uint64 d)
 {
     static uint64 register_list[] = {  4,  5 };
     return renumber_registers(d, register_list,
@@ -554,73 +401,60 @@ uint64 NMD::decode_gpr_gpr1(uint64 d)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::copy(uint64 d)
+static uint64 copy_ui(uint64 d)
 {
     return d;
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::copy(int64 d)
+static int64 copy_i(int64 d)
 {
     return d;
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::neg_copy(uint64 d)
+static int64 neg_copy_ui(uint64 d)
 {
     return 0ll - d;
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::neg_copy(int64 d)
-{
-    return -d;
-}
-
-
 /* strange wrapper around  gpr3 */
-uint64 NMD::encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_ge_rt3(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_ge_rt3(uint64 d)
 {
 return decode_gpr_gpr3(d);
 }
 
 
 /* strange wrapper around  gpr3 */
-uint64 NMD::encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_lt_rt3(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_lt_rt3(uint64 d)
 {
     return decode_gpr_gpr3(d);
 }
 
 
 /* nop - done by extraction function */
-uint64 NMD::encode_s_from_address(uint64 d)
-{
-    return d;
-}
-
-
-/* nop - done by extraction function */
-uint64 NMD::encode_u_from_address(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_s_from_address(uint64 d)
 {
     return d;
 }
 
 
 /* nop - done by extraction function */
-uint64 NMD::encode_s_from_s_hi(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_u_from_address(uint64 d)
 {
     return d;
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::encode_count3_from_count(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_count3_from_count(uint64 d)
 {
     IMGASSERTONCE(d < 8);
     return d == 0ull ? 8ull : d;
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::encode_shift3_from_shift(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_shift3_from_shift(uint64 d)
 {
     IMGASSERTONCE(d < 8);
     return d == 0ull ? 8ull : d;
@@ -628,21 +462,21 @@ uint64 NMD::encode_shift3_from_shift(uint64 d)
 
 
 /* special value for load literal */
-int64 NMD::encode_eu_from_s_li16(uint64 d)
+static int64 encode_eu_from_s_li16(uint64 d)
 {
     IMGASSERTONCE(d < 128);
     return d == 127 ? -1 : (int64)d;
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::encode_msbd_from_size(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_msbd_from_size(uint64 d)
 {
     IMGASSERTONCE(d < 32);
     return d + 1;
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::encode_eu_from_u_andi16(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_eu_from_u_andi16(uint64 d)
 {
     IMGASSERTONCE(d < 16);
     if (d == 12) {
@@ -655,42 +489,20 @@ uint64 NMD::encode_eu_from_u_andi16(uint64 d)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::encode_msbd_from_pos_and_size(uint64 d)
-{
-    IMGASSERTONCE(0);
-    return d;
-}
-
-
 /* save16 / restore16   ???? */
-uint64 NMD::encode_rt1_from_rt(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_rt1_from_rt(uint64 d)
 {
     return d ? 31 : 30;
 }
 
 
 /* ? */
-uint64 NMD::encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(uint64 d)
+static uint64 encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(uint64 d)
 {
     return d;
 }
 
-
-std::string NMD::save_restore_list(uint64 rt, uint64 count, uint64 gp)
-{
-    std::string str;
-
-    for (uint64 counter = 0; counter != count; counter++) {
-        bool use_gp = gp && (counter == count - 1);
-        uint64 this_rt = use_gp ? 28 : ((rt & 0x10) | (rt + counter)) & 0x1f;
-        str += img::format(",%s", GPR(this_rt));
-    }
-
-    return str;
-}
-
-
-std::string NMD::GPR(uint64 reg)
+static const char *GPR(uint64 reg)
 {
     static const char *gpr_reg[32] = {
         "zero", "at",   "v0",   "v1",   "a0",   "a1",   "a2",   "a3",
@@ -698,80 +510,89 @@ std::string NMD::GPR(uint64 reg)
         "s0",   "s1",   "s2",   "s3",   "s4",   "s5",   "s6",   "s7",
         "r24",  "r25",  "k0",   "k1",   "gp",   "sp",   "fp",   "ra"
     };
-
     if (reg < 32) {
         return gpr_reg[reg];
     }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error(img::format("Invalid GPR register index %" PRIu64,
-                                         reg));
+    const char *err = img_format("Invalid GPR register index %" PRIu64,
+                                 reg);
+    (*disassm_info->fprintf_func)(disassm_info->stream, "%s", err);
+    longjmp(j_buf, 1);
 }
 
-
-std::string NMD::FPR(uint64 reg)
+static const char *FPR(uint64 reg)
 {
     static const char *fpr_reg[32] = {
-        "f0",  "f1",  "f2",  "f3",  "f4",  "f5",  "f6",  "f7",
-        "f8",  "f9",  "f10", "f11", "f12", "f13", "f14", "f15",
+        "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7",
+        "f8", "f9", "f10", "f11", "f12", "f13", "f14", "f15",
         "f16", "f17", "f18", "f19", "f20", "f21", "f22", "f23",
-        "f24", "f25", "f26", "f27", "f28", "f29", "f30", "f31"
-    };
-
+        "f24", "f25", "f26", "f27", "f28", "f29", "f30", "f31"};
     if (reg < 32) {
         return fpr_reg[reg];
     }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error(img::format("Invalid FPR register index %" PRIu64,
-                                         reg));
+    const char *err = img_format("Invalid FPR register index %" PRIu64,
+                                 reg);
+    (*disassm_info->fprintf_func)(disassm_info->stream, "%s", err);
+    longjmp(j_buf, 1);
 }
 
-
-std::string NMD::AC(uint64 reg)
+static const char *AC(uint64 reg)
 {
     static const char *ac_reg[4] = {
-        "ac0",  "ac1",  "ac2",  "ac3"
-    };
-
+        "ac0", "ac1", "ac2", "ac3"};
     if (reg < 4) {
         return ac_reg[reg];
     }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error(img::format("Invalid AC register index %" PRIu64,
-                                         reg));
+    const char *err = img_format("Invalid AC register index %" PRIu64,
+                                 reg);
+    (*disassm_info->fprintf_func)(disassm_info->stream, "%s", err);
+    longjmp(j_buf, 1);
 }
 
 
-std::string NMD::IMMEDIATE(uint64 value)
+static char *IMMEDIATE_UI(uint64 value)
 {
-    return img::format("0x%" PRIx64, value);
+    return img_format("0x%" PRIx64, value);
 }
 
 
-std::string NMD::IMMEDIATE(int64 value)
+static char *IMMEDIATE_I(int64 value)
 {
-    return img::format("%" PRId64, value);
+    return img_format("%" PRId64, value);
 }
 
-
-std::string NMD::CPR(uint64 reg)
+static char *CPR(uint64 reg)
 {
     /* needs more work */
-    return img::format("CP%" PRIu64, reg);
+    return img_format("CP%" PRIu64, reg);
 }
 
 
-std::string NMD::ADDRESS(uint64 value, int instruction_size)
+static char *ADDRESS(uint64 value, int instruction_size)
 {
     /* token for string replace */
     /* const char TOKEN_REPLACE = (char)0xa2; */
-    img::address address = m_pc + value + instruction_size;
+    img_address address = m_pc + value + instruction_size;
     /* symbol replacement */
     /* return img::as_char(TOKEN_REPLACE) + to_string(address); */
     return to_string(address);
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_op_code_value(const uint16 * data, int size)
+static char *save_restore_list(uint64 rt, uint64 count, uint64 gp)
+{
+    char str[256];
+    str[0] = '\0';
+    for (uint64 counter = 0; counter != count; counter++) {
+        bool use_gp = gp && (counter == count - 1);
+        uint64 this_rt = use_gp ? 28 : ((rt & 0x10) | (rt + counter)) & 0x1f;
+        strcat(str, img_format(",%s", GPR(this_rt)));
+    }
+
+    return strdup(str);
+}
+
+
+static uint64 extract_op_code_value(const uint16 *data, int size)
 {
     switch (size) {
     case 16:
@@ -786,92 +607,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_op_code_value(const uint16 * data, int size)
 }
 
 
-int NMD::Disassemble(const uint16 * data, std::string & dis,
-                     NMD::TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE & type)
-{
-    return Disassemble(data, dis, type, MAJOR, 2);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Recurse through tables until the instruction is found then return
- * the string and size
- *
- * inputs:
- *      pointer to a word stream,
- *      disassember table and size
- * returns:
- *      instruction size    - negative is error
- *      disassembly string  - on error will constain error string
- */
-int NMD::Disassemble(const uint16 * data, std::string & dis,
-                     NMD::TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE & type, const Pool *table,
-                     int table_size)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        for (int i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
-            uint64 op_code = extract_op_code_value(data,
-                                 table[i].instructions_size);
-            if ((op_code & table[i].mask) == table[i].value) {
-                /* possible match */
-                conditional_function cond = table[i].condition;
-                if ((cond == 0) || (this->*cond)(op_code)) {
-                    try
-                    {
-                        if (table[i].type == pool) {
-                            return Disassemble(data, dis, type,
-                                               table[i].next_table,
-                                               table[i].next_table_size);
-                        } else if ((table[i].type == instruction) ||
-                                   (table[i].type == call_instruction) ||
-                                   (table[i].type == branch_instruction) ||
-                                   (table[i].type == return_instruction)) {
-                            if ((table[i].attributes != 0) &&
-                                (m_requested_instruction_categories &
-                                 table[i].attributes) == 0) {
-                                /*
-                                 * failed due to instruction having
-                                 * an ASE attribute and the requested version
-                                 * not having that attribute
-                                 */
-                                dis = "ASE attribute mismatch";
-                                return -5;
-                            }
-                            disassembly_function dis_fn = table[i].disassembly;
-                            if (dis_fn == 0) {
-                                dis = "disassembler failure - bad table entry";
-                                return -6;
-                            }
-                            type = table[i].type;
-                            dis = (this->*dis_fn)(op_code);
-                            return table[i].instructions_size;
-                        } else {
-                            dis = "reserved instruction";
-                            return -2;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    catch (std::runtime_error & e)
-                    {
-                        dis = e.what();
-                        return -3;          /* runtime error */
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    catch (std::exception & e)
-    {
-        dis = e.what();
-        return -4;          /* runtime error */
-    }
-
-    dis = "failed to disassemble";
-    return -1;      /* failed to disassemble        */
-}
-
-
-uint64 NMD::extract_code_18_to_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_code_18_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 19);
@@ -879,7 +615,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_code_18_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shift3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shift3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 3);
@@ -887,7 +623,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shift3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 9) << 3;
@@ -895,7 +631,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_count_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_count_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 4);
@@ -903,7 +639,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_count_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rtz3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rtz3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 7, 3);
@@ -911,7 +647,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rtz3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_to_1__s1(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_17_to_1__s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 1, 17) << 1;
@@ -919,7 +655,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_to_1__s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se9_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se9_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 10);
@@ -928,7 +664,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se9_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 11;
@@ -938,7 +674,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_10(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_10(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 10, 1);
@@ -946,7 +682,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_10(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rtz4_27_26_25_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rtz4_27_26_25_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 3);
@@ -955,7 +691,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rtz4_27_26_25_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 5);
@@ -963,7 +699,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 5);
@@ -971,7 +707,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shiftx_10_9_8_7__s1(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shiftx_10_9_8_7__s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 7, 4) << 1;
@@ -979,7 +715,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shiftx_10_9_8_7__s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 5);
@@ -987,7 +723,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_count3_14_13_12(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_count3_14_13_12(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 12, 3);
@@ -995,7 +731,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_count3_14_13_12(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se31_0_11_to_2_20_to_12_s12(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se31_0_11_to_2_20_to_12_s12(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 31;
@@ -1006,7 +742,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se31_0_11_to_2_20_to_12_s12(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se7_0_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se7_0_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 7;
@@ -1016,7 +752,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se7_0_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u2_10_9(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u2_10_9(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 9, 2);
@@ -1024,7 +760,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u2_10_9(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_code_25_24_23_22_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_code_25_24_23_22_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 10);
@@ -1032,7 +768,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_code_25_24_23_22_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1040,7 +776,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_2_1__s1(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_2_1__s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 1, 2) << 1;
@@ -1048,7 +784,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_2_1__s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_stripe_6(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_stripe_6(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 6, 1);
@@ -1056,7 +792,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_stripe_6(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_ac_15_14(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_ac_15_14(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 14, 2);
@@ -1064,7 +800,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_ac_15_14(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1072,7 +808,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rdl_25_24(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rdl_25_24(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 24, 1);
@@ -1080,7 +816,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rdl_25_24(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se10_0_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se10_0_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 10;
@@ -1090,7 +826,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se10_0_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_eu_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_eu_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 7);
@@ -1098,7 +834,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_eu_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shift_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shift_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 6);
@@ -1106,7 +842,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shift_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_count_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_count_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 4);
@@ -1114,7 +850,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_count_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_code_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_code_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 3);
@@ -1122,7 +858,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_code_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 12);
@@ -1130,7 +866,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rs_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rs_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 5);
@@ -1138,7 +874,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rs_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_20_to_3__s3(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_20_to_3__s3(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 18) << 3;
@@ -1146,7 +882,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_20_to_3__s3(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 4) << 2;
@@ -1154,7 +890,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_cofun_25_24_23(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_cofun_25_24_23(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 23);
@@ -1162,7 +898,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_cofun_25_24_23(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 3) << 2;
@@ -1170,7 +906,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rd3_3_2_1(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rd3_3_2_1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 1, 3);
@@ -1178,7 +914,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rd3_3_2_1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_sa_15_14_13_12(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_sa_15_14_13_12(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 12, 4);
@@ -1186,7 +922,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_sa_15_14_13_12(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 5);
@@ -1194,7 +930,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 5);
@@ -1202,7 +938,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_to_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_17_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 18);
@@ -1210,7 +946,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rsz4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rsz4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 3);
@@ -1219,7 +955,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rsz4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se21_0_20_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se21_0_20_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 21;
@@ -1229,7 +965,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se21_0_20_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_op_25_to_3(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_op_25_to_3(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 23);
@@ -1237,7 +973,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_op_25_to_3(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 3);
@@ -1246,7 +982,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_bit_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_bit_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 3);
@@ -1254,7 +990,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_bit_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 37, 5);
@@ -1262,7 +998,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_shift__se5_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_shift__se5_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 6);
@@ -1271,7 +1007,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_shift__se5_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rd2_3_8(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rd2_3_8(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 1) << 1;
@@ -1280,7 +1016,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rd2_3_8(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_code_17_to_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_code_17_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 18);
@@ -1288,7 +1024,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_code_17_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_size_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_size_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1296,7 +1032,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_size_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 2, 6) << 2;
@@ -1306,7 +1042,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_15_to_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_15_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 16);
@@ -1314,7 +1050,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_15_to_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1322,7 +1058,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 8);
@@ -1332,7 +1068,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_stype_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_stype_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1340,7 +1076,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_stype_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rtl_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rtl_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 9, 1);
@@ -1348,7 +1084,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rtl_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_hs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_hs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1356,7 +1092,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_hs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_sel_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_sel_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 3);
@@ -1364,7 +1100,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_sel_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 5);
@@ -1372,7 +1108,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_gp_2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_gp_2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 2, 1);
@@ -1380,7 +1116,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_gp_2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rt3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rt3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 7, 3);
@@ -1388,7 +1124,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rt3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 5);
@@ -1396,7 +1132,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 7);
@@ -1404,7 +1140,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1412,7 +1148,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 5, 3);
@@ -1421,7 +1157,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 6, 5);
@@ -1429,7 +1165,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 6) << 2;
@@ -1437,7 +1173,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_sa_15_14_13(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_sa_15_14_13(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 13, 3);
@@ -1445,7 +1181,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_sa_15_14_13(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 14;
@@ -1455,7 +1191,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rs3_6_5_4(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rs3_6_5_4(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 4, 3);
@@ -1463,7 +1199,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rs3_6_5_4(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_31_to_0__s32(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_31_to_0__s32(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 32) << 32;
@@ -1471,7 +1207,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_31_to_0__s32(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 6, 5);
@@ -1479,7 +1215,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_cs_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_cs_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 5);
@@ -1487,7 +1223,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_cs_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_shiftx_11_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_shiftx_11_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 6, 6);
@@ -1495,7 +1231,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_shiftx_11_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 5, 5);
@@ -1503,7 +1239,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_op_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_op_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 5);
@@ -1511,7 +1247,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_op_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_6_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_6_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 7) << 2;
@@ -1519,7 +1255,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_6_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_bit_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_bit_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 6);
@@ -1527,7 +1263,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_bit_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_mask_20_19_18_17_16_15_14(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_mask_20_19_18_17_16_15_14(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 14, 7);
@@ -1535,7 +1271,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_mask_20_19_18_17_16_15_14(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_eu_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_eu_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 4);
@@ -1543,7 +1279,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_eu_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_7_6_5_4__s4(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_7_6_5_4__s4(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 4, 4) << 4;
@@ -1551,7 +1287,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_7_6_5_4__s4(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_s3(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_s3(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 5) << 3;
@@ -1561,7 +1297,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_s3(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 5);
@@ -1569,7 +1305,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 16) << 16;
@@ -1579,7 +1315,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 13, 8);
@@ -1587,7 +1323,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_17_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 2, 16) << 2;
@@ -1595,7 +1331,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_17_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 5);
@@ -1603,7 +1339,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 16, 5);
@@ -1611,7 +1347,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_code_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_code_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 2);
@@ -1619,7 +1355,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_code_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se25_0_24_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se25_0_24_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 1) << 25;
@@ -1629,7 +1365,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se25_0_24_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 2);
@@ -1637,7 +1373,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_3_8__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_3_8__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 3, 1) << 3;
@@ -1646,7 +1382,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_3_8__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 5);
@@ -1654,7 +1390,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 5) << 2;
@@ -1662,7 +1398,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_rtz4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_rtz4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 5, 3);
@@ -1671,7 +1407,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_rtz4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 11, 5);
@@ -1679,7 +1415,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 21, 5);
@@ -1687,7 +1423,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_20_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_20_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 2, 19) << 2;
@@ -1695,7 +1431,7 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_20_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-int64 NMD::extract_s__se3_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
+static int64 extract_s__se3_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 3);
@@ -1705,7 +1441,7 @@ int64 NMD::extract_s__se3_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-uint64 NMD::extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(uint64 instruction)
+static uint64 extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 value = 0;
     value |= extract_bits(instruction, 0, 4) << 1;
@@ -1714,28 +1450,28 @@ uint64 NMD::extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(uint64 instruction)
 
 
 
-bool NMD::ADDIU_32__cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool ADDIU_32__cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     return rt != 0;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::ADDIU_RS5__cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool ADDIU_RS5__cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
     return rt != 0;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::BALRSC_cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool BALRSC_cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     return rt != 0;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::BEQC_16__cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool BEQC_16__cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs3 = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 rt3 = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
@@ -1744,7 +1480,7 @@ bool NMD::BEQC_16__cond(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::BNEC_16__cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool BNEC_16__cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs3 = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 rt3 = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
@@ -1753,35 +1489,35 @@ bool NMD::BNEC_16__cond(uint64 instruction)
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::MOVE_cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool MOVE_cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
     return rt != 0;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::P16_BR1_cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool P16_BR1_cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 u = extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(instruction);
     return u != 0;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::PREF_S9__cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool PREF_S9__cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 hint = extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     return hint != 31;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::PREFE_cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool PREFE_cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 hint = extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     return hint != 31;
 }
 
 
-bool NMD::SLTU_cond(uint64 instruction)
+static bool SLTU_cond(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rd = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     return rd != 0;
@@ -1799,15 +1535,15 @@ bool NMD::SLTU_cond(uint64 instruction)
  *               fs -----
  *                    fd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ABS_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ABS_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 fd_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
 
-    return img::format("ABS.D %s, %s", fd, fs);
+    return img_format("ABS.D %s, %s", fd, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -1821,15 +1557,15 @@ std::string NMD::ABS_D(uint64 instruction)
  *               fd -----
  *                    fs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ABS_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ABS_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 fd_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
 
-    return img::format("ABS.S %s, %s", fd, fs);
+    return img_format("ABS.S %s, %s", fd, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -1843,15 +1579,15 @@ std::string NMD::ABS_S(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ABSQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ABSQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ABSQ_S.PH %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("ABSQ_S.PH %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -1865,15 +1601,15 @@ std::string NMD::ABSQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ABSQ_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ABSQ_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ABSQ_S.QB %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("ABSQ_S.QB %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -1887,15 +1623,15 @@ std::string NMD::ABSQ_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ABSQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ABSQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ABSQ_S.W %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("ABSQ_S.W %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -1908,17 +1644,17 @@ std::string NMD::ABSQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ACLR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ACLR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 bit_value = extract_bit_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string bit = IMMEDIATE(copy(bit_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *bit = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(bit_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ACLR %s, %s(%s)", bit, s, rs);
+    return img_format("ACLR %s, %s(%s)", bit, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -1931,17 +1667,17 @@ std::string NMD::ACLR(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -1956,17 +1692,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADD(uint64 instruction)
  *               fs -----
  *                    fd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADD_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADD_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADD.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("ADD.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -1981,17 +1717,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADD_D(uint64 instruction)
  *               fs -----
  *                    fd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADD_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADD_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADD.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("ADD.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -2004,17 +1740,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADD_S(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_15_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2027,15 +1763,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2048,15 +1784,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_GP48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_GP48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt, 28, s);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt, 28, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2069,15 +1805,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_GP48_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_GP_B_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_GP_B_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt, 28, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt, 28, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2090,15 +1826,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_GP_B_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_GP_W_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_GP_W_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_20_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt, 28, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt, 28, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2111,17 +1847,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_GP_W_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(neg_copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_I(neg_copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2134,15 +1870,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_R1_SP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_R1_SP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt3, 29, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, $%d, %s", rt3, 29, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2155,17 +1891,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_R1_SP_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_R2_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_R2_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2177,15 +1913,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_R2_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *           s - ---
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_RS5_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_RS5_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se3_4_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2199,15 +1935,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_RS5_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIUPC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIUPC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se21_0_20_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("ADDIUPC %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("ADDIUPC %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2221,15 +1957,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIUPC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIUPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIUPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
 
-    return img::format("ADDIUPC %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("ADDIUPC %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2243,17 +1979,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIUPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQ.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQ.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2268,17 +2004,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQ_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQ_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2292,17 +2028,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQ_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQ_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2317,17 +2053,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQH_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQH_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQH.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQH.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2342,17 +2078,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQH_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQH_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQH_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2367,17 +2103,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQH_R_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQH_R_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQH_R.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQH_R.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2392,17 +2128,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQH_R_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDQH_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDQH_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDQH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDQH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2416,17 +2152,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDQH_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDSC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDSC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDSC %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDSC %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2439,17 +2175,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDSC(uint64 instruction)
  *       rs3 ---
  *          rd3 ---
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 rd3_value = extract_rd3_3_2_1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rd3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rd3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rd3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rd3_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU %s, %s, %s", rd3, rs3, rt3);
+    return img_format("ADDU %s, %s, %s", rd3, rs3, rt3);
 }
 
 
@@ -2463,17 +2199,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2487,15 +2223,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt4_value = extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rs4_value = extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
-    std::string rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
+    const char *rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
+    const char *rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU %s, %s", rs4, rt4);
+    return img_format("ADDU %s, %s", rs4, rt4);
 }
 
 
@@ -2509,17 +2245,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDU.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2533,17 +2269,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDU.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2558,17 +2294,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDU_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2582,17 +2318,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDU_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDU_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDU_S.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDU_S.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2607,17 +2343,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDU_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDUH_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDUH_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDUH.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDUH.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2632,17 +2368,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDUH_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDUH_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDUH_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2655,17 +2391,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADDUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDWC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDWC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDWC %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ADDWC %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2679,15 +2415,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDWC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ALUIPC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ALUIPC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_0_11_to_2_20_to_12_s12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("ALUIPC %s, %%pcrel_hi(%s)", rt, s);
+    return img_format("ALUIPC %s, %%pcrel_hi(%s)", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2700,15 +2436,15 @@ std::string NMD::ALUIPC(uint64 instruction)
  *       rs3 ---
  *           eu ----
  */
-std::string NMD::AND_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *AND_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("AND %s, %s", rs3, rt3);
+    return img_format("AND %s, %s", rs3, rt3);
 }
 
 
@@ -2722,17 +2458,17 @@ std::string NMD::AND_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::AND_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *AND_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("AND %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("AND %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -2745,17 +2481,17 @@ std::string NMD::AND_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *       rs3 ---
  *           eu ----
  */
-std::string NMD::ANDI_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ANDI_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 eu_value = extract_eu_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string eu = IMMEDIATE(encode_eu_from_u_andi16(eu_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *eu = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_eu_from_u_andi16(eu_value));
 
-    return img::format("ANDI %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, eu);
+    return img_format("ANDI %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, eu);
 }
 
 
@@ -2769,17 +2505,17 @@ std::string NMD::ANDI_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ANDI_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ANDI_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ANDI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("ANDI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2793,17 +2529,17 @@ std::string NMD::ANDI_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::APPEND(uint64 instruction)
+static char *APPEND(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("APPEND %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("APPEND %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -2817,17 +2553,17 @@ std::string NMD::APPEND(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ASET(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ASET(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 bit_value = extract_bit_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string bit = IMMEDIATE(copy(bit_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *bit = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(bit_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ASET %s, %s(%s)", bit, s, rs);
+    return img_format("ASET %s, %s(%s)", bit, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -2841,13 +2577,13 @@ std::string NMD::ASET(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BALC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BALC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se10_0_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
 
-    return img::format("BALC %s", s);
+    return img_format("BALC %s", s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2861,13 +2597,13 @@ std::string NMD::BALC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BALC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BALC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se25_0_24_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BALC %s", s);
+    return img_format("BALC %s", s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2881,15 +2617,15 @@ std::string NMD::BALC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BALRSC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BALRSC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("BALRSC %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("BALRSC %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -2903,17 +2639,17 @@ std::string NMD::BALRSC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BBEQZC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BBEQZC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 bit_value = extract_bit_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string bit = IMMEDIATE(copy(bit_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *bit = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(bit_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BBEQZC %s, %s, %s", rt, bit, s);
+    return img_format("BBEQZC %s, %s, %s", rt, bit, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2927,17 +2663,17 @@ std::string NMD::BBEQZC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BBNEZC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BBNEZC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 bit_value = extract_bit_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string bit = IMMEDIATE(copy(bit_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *bit = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(bit_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BBNEZC %s, %s, %s", rt, bit, s);
+    return img_format("BBNEZC %s, %s, %s", rt, bit, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2951,13 +2687,13 @@ std::string NMD::BBNEZC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se10_0_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
 
-    return img::format("BC %s", s);
+    return img_format("BC %s", s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2971,13 +2707,13 @@ std::string NMD::BC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se25_0_24_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BC %s", s);
+    return img_format("BC %s", s);
 }
 
 
@@ -2991,15 +2727,15 @@ std::string NMD::BC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BC1EQZC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BC1EQZC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BC1EQZC %s, %s", ft, s);
+    return img_format("BC1EQZC %s, %s", ft, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3013,15 +2749,15 @@ std::string NMD::BC1EQZC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BC1NEZC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BC1NEZC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BC1NEZC %s, %s", ft, s);
+    return img_format("BC1NEZC %s, %s", ft, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3035,15 +2771,15 @@ std::string NMD::BC1NEZC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BC2EQZC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BC2EQZC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ct_value = extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string ct = CPR(copy(ct_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *ct = CPR(copy_ui(ct_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BC2EQZC %s, %s", ct, s);
+    return img_format("BC2EQZC %s, %s", ct, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3057,15 +2793,15 @@ std::string NMD::BC2EQZC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BC2NEZC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BC2NEZC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ct_value = extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string ct = CPR(copy(ct_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *ct = CPR(copy_ui(ct_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BC2NEZC %s, %s", ct, s);
+    return img_format("BC2NEZC %s, %s", ct, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3079,17 +2815,17 @@ std::string NMD::BC2NEZC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BEQC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BEQC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_lt_rt3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = ADDRESS(encode_u_from_address(u_value), 2);
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_lt_rt3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = ADDRESS(encode_u_from_address(u_value), 2);
 
-    return img::format("BEQC %s, %s, %s", rs3, rt3, u);
+    return img_format("BEQC %s, %s, %s", rs3, rt3, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -3103,17 +2839,17 @@ std::string NMD::BEQC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BEQC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BEQC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BEQC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
+    return img_format("BEQC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3127,17 +2863,17 @@ std::string NMD::BEQC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BEQIC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BEQIC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BEQIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
+    return img_format("BEQIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3151,15 +2887,15 @@ std::string NMD::BEQIC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BEQZC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BEQZC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se7_0_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
 
-    return img::format("BEQZC %s, %s", rt3, s);
+    return img_format("BEQZC %s, %s", rt3, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3173,17 +2909,17 @@ std::string NMD::BEQZC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BGEC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BGEC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BGEC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
+    return img_format("BGEC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3197,17 +2933,17 @@ std::string NMD::BGEC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BGEIC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BGEIC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BGEIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
+    return img_format("BGEIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3221,17 +2957,17 @@ std::string NMD::BGEIC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BGEIUC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BGEIUC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BGEIUC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
+    return img_format("BGEIUC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3245,17 +2981,17 @@ std::string NMD::BGEIUC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BGEUC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BGEUC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BGEUC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
+    return img_format("BGEUC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3269,17 +3005,17 @@ std::string NMD::BGEUC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BLTC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BLTC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BLTC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
+    return img_format("BLTC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3293,17 +3029,17 @@ std::string NMD::BLTC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BLTIC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BLTIC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BLTIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
+    return img_format("BLTIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3317,17 +3053,17 @@ std::string NMD::BLTIC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BLTIUC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BLTIUC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BLTIUC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
+    return img_format("BLTIUC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3341,17 +3077,17 @@ std::string NMD::BLTIUC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BLTUC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BLTUC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BLTUC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
+    return img_format("BLTUC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3365,17 +3101,17 @@ std::string NMD::BLTUC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BNEC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BNEC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_ge_rt3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = ADDRESS(encode_u_from_address(u_value), 2);
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_ge_rt3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = ADDRESS(encode_u_from_address(u_value), 2);
 
-    return img::format("BNEC %s, %s, %s", rs3, rt3, u);
+    return img_format("BNEC %s, %s, %s", rs3, rt3, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -3389,17 +3125,17 @@ std::string NMD::BNEC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BNEC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BNEC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BNEC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
+    return img_format("BNEC %s, %s, %s", rs, rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3413,17 +3149,17 @@ std::string NMD::BNEC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BNEIC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BNEIC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BNEIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
+    return img_format("BNEIC %s, %s, %s", rt, u, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3437,15 +3173,15 @@ std::string NMD::BNEIC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BNEZC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BNEZC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se7_0_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 2);
 
-    return img::format("BNEZC %s, %s", rt3, s);
+    return img_format("BNEZC %s, %s", rt3, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3459,13 +3195,13 @@ std::string NMD::BNEZC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *            s[13:1] -------------
  *                           s[14] -
  */
-std::string NMD::BPOSGE32C(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BPOSGE32C(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("BPOSGE32C %s", s);
+    return img_format("BPOSGE32C %s", s);
 }
 
 
@@ -3479,13 +3215,13 @@ std::string NMD::BPOSGE32C(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BREAK_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BREAK_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("BREAK %s", code);
+    return img_format("BREAK %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -3499,13 +3235,13 @@ std::string NMD::BREAK_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BREAK_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BREAK_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_18_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("BREAK %s", code);
+    return img_format("BREAK %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -3519,13 +3255,13 @@ std::string NMD::BREAK_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::BRSC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *BRSC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("BRSC %s", rs);
+    return img_format("BRSC %s", rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3539,17 +3275,17 @@ std::string NMD::BRSC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CACHE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CACHE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 op_value = extract_op_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string op = IMMEDIATE(copy(op_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *op = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(op_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CACHE %s, %s(%s)", op, s, rs);
+    return img_format("CACHE %s, %s(%s)", op, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3563,17 +3299,17 @@ std::string NMD::CACHE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CACHEE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CACHEE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 op_value = extract_op_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string op = IMMEDIATE(copy(op_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *op = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(op_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CACHEE %s, %s(%s)", op, s, rs);
+    return img_format("CACHEE %s, %s(%s)", op, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3587,15 +3323,15 @@ std::string NMD::CACHEE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CEIL_L_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CEIL_L_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CEIL.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CEIL.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3609,15 +3345,15 @@ std::string NMD::CEIL_L_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CEIL_L_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CEIL_L_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CEIL.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CEIL.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3631,15 +3367,15 @@ std::string NMD::CEIL_L_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CEIL_W_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CEIL_W_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CEIL.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CEIL.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3653,15 +3389,15 @@ std::string NMD::CEIL_W_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CEIL_W_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CEIL_W_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CEIL.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CEIL.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3675,15 +3411,15 @@ std::string NMD::CEIL_W_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CFC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CFC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CFC1 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("CFC1 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3697,15 +3433,15 @@ std::string NMD::CFC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CFC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CFC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CFC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("CFC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3719,15 +3455,15 @@ std::string NMD::CFC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CLASS_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CLASS_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CLASS.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CLASS.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3741,15 +3477,15 @@ std::string NMD::CLASS_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CLASS_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CLASS_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CLASS.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CLASS.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3763,15 +3499,15 @@ std::string NMD::CLASS_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CLO(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CLO(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CLO %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("CLO %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3785,15 +3521,15 @@ std::string NMD::CLO(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CLZ(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CLZ(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CLZ %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("CLZ %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -3807,17 +3543,17 @@ std::string NMD::CLZ(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_AF_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_AF_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.AF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.AF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -3831,17 +3567,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_AF_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_AF_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_AF_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.AF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.AF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -3855,17 +3591,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_AF_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_EQ_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_EQ_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.EQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.EQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -3878,15 +3614,15 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_EQ_D(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_EQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_EQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.EQ.PH %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMP.EQ.PH %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -3900,17 +3636,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_EQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_EQ_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_EQ_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.EQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.EQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -3924,17 +3660,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_EQ_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_LE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_LE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.LE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.LE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -3947,15 +3683,15 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_LE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_LE_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_LE_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.LE.PH %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMP.LE.PH %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -3969,17 +3705,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_LE_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_LE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_LE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.LE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.LE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -3993,17 +3729,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_LE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_LT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_LT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.LT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.LT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4016,15 +3752,15 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_LT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_LT_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_LT_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.LT.PH %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMP.LT.PH %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -4038,17 +3774,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_LT_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_LT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_LT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.LT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.LT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4062,17 +3798,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_LT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_NE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_NE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.NE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.NE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4086,17 +3822,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_NE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_NE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_NE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.NE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.NE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4110,17 +3846,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_NE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_OR_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_OR_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.OR.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.OR.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4134,17 +3870,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_OR_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_OR_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_OR_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.OR.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.OR.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4158,17 +3894,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_OR_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SAF_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SAF_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SAF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SAF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4182,17 +3918,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SAF_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SAF_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SAF_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SAF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SAF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4206,17 +3942,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SAF_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SEQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SEQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4230,17 +3966,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SEQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SEQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4254,17 +3990,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SLE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SLE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SLE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SLE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4278,17 +4014,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SLE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SLE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SLE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SLE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SLE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4302,17 +4038,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SLE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SLT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SLT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SLT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SLT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4326,17 +4062,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SLT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SLT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SLT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SLT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SLT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4350,17 +4086,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SLT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SNE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SNE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SNE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SNE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4374,17 +4110,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SNE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SNE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SNE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SNE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SNE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4398,17 +4134,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SNE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SOR_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SOR_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SOR.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SOR.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4422,17 +4158,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SOR_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SOR_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SOR_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SOR.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SOR.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4446,17 +4182,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SOR_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SUEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SUEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SUEQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SUEQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4470,17 +4206,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SUEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SUEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SUEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SUEQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SUEQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4494,17 +4230,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SUEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SULE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SULE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SULE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SULE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4518,17 +4254,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SULE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SULE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SULE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SULE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SULE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4542,17 +4278,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SULE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SULT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SULT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SULT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SULT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4566,17 +4302,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SULT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SULT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SULT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SULT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SULT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4590,17 +4326,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SULT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SUN_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SUN_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SUN.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SUN.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4614,17 +4350,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SUN_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SUNE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SUNE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SUNE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SUNE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4638,17 +4374,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SUNE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SUNE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SUNE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SUNE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SUNE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4662,17 +4398,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SUNE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_SUN_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_SUN_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.SUN.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.SUN.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4686,17 +4422,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_SUN_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_UEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_UEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.UEQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.UEQ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4710,17 +4446,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_UEQ_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_UEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_UEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.UEQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.UEQ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4734,17 +4470,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_UEQ_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_ULE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_ULE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.ULE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.ULE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4758,17 +4494,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_ULE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_ULE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_ULE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.ULE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.ULE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4782,17 +4518,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_ULE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_ULT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_ULT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.ULT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.ULT.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4806,17 +4542,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_ULT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_ULT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_ULT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.ULT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.ULT.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4830,17 +4566,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_ULT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_UN_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_UN_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.UN.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.UN.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4854,17 +4590,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_UN_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_UNE_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_UNE_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.UNE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.UNE.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4878,17 +4614,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_UNE_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_UNE_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_UNE_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.UNE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.UNE.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4902,17 +4638,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_UNE_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMP_UN_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMP_UN_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMP.UN.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("CMP.UN.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -4927,17 +4663,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMP_UN_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPGDU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPGDU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPGDU.EQ.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPGDU.EQ.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -4952,17 +4688,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMPGDU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPGDU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPGDU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPGDU.LE.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPGDU.LE.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -4977,17 +4713,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMPGDU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPGDU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPGDU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPGDU.LT.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPGDU.LT.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5002,17 +4738,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMPGDU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPGU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPGU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPGU.EQ.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPGU.EQ.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5027,17 +4763,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMPGU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPGU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPGU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPGU.LE.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPGU.LE.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5052,17 +4788,17 @@ std::string NMD::CMPGU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPGU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPGU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPGU.LT.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPGU.LT.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5076,15 +4812,15 @@ std::string NMD::CMPGU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPU.EQ.QB %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPU.EQ.QB %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5098,15 +4834,15 @@ std::string NMD::CMPU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPU.LE.QB %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPU.LE.QB %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5120,15 +4856,15 @@ std::string NMD::CMPU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CMPU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CMPU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("CMPU.LT.QB %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("CMPU.LT.QB %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5142,13 +4878,13 @@ std::string NMD::CMPU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::COP2_1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *COP2_1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 cofun_value = extract_cofun_25_24_23(instruction);
 
-    std::string cofun = IMMEDIATE(copy(cofun_value));
+    const char *cofun = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(cofun_value));
 
-    return img::format("COP2_1 %s", cofun);
+    return img_format("COP2_1 %s", cofun);
 }
 
 
@@ -5162,15 +4898,15 @@ std::string NMD::COP2_1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CTC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CTC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CTC1 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("CTC1 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5184,15 +4920,15 @@ std::string NMD::CTC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CTC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CTC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CTC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("CTC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5206,15 +4942,15 @@ std::string NMD::CTC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_D_L(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_D_L(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.D.L %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.D.L %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5228,15 +4964,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_D_L(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_D_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_D_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.D.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.D.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5250,15 +4986,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_D_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_D_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_D_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.D.W %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.D.W %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5272,15 +5008,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_D_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_L_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_L_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5294,15 +5030,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_L_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_L_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_L_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5316,15 +5052,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_L_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_S_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_S_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.S.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.S.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5338,15 +5074,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_S_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_S_L(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_S_L(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.S.L %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.S.L %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5360,15 +5096,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_S_L(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_S_PL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_S_PL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.S.PL %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.S.PL %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5382,15 +5118,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_S_PL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_S_PU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_S_PU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.S.PU %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.S.PU %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5404,15 +5140,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_S_PU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.S.W %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.S.W %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5426,15 +5162,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_W_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_W_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5448,15 +5184,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_W_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::CVT_W_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *CVT_W_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("CVT.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("CVT.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5470,15 +5206,15 @@ std::string NMD::CVT_W_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("DADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("DADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -5492,17 +5228,17 @@ std::string NMD::DADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(neg_copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(neg_copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("DADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("DADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -5516,17 +5252,17 @@ std::string NMD::DADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DADDIU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DADDIU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("DADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("DADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -5540,17 +5276,17 @@ std::string NMD::DADDIU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DADD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DADD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DADD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DADD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5564,17 +5300,17 @@ std::string NMD::DADD(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DADDU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DADDU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DADDU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DADDU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5588,15 +5324,15 @@ std::string NMD::DADDU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DCLO(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DCLO(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("DCLO %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("DCLO %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5610,15 +5346,15 @@ std::string NMD::DCLO(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DCLZ(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DCLZ(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("DCLZ %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("DCLZ %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -5632,17 +5368,17 @@ std::string NMD::DCLZ(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DDIV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DDIV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DDIV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DDIV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5656,17 +5392,17 @@ std::string NMD::DDIV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DDIVU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DDIVU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DDIVU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DDIVU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5680,11 +5416,11 @@ std::string NMD::DDIVU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DERET(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DERET(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "DERET ";
+    return strdup("DERET ");
 }
 
 
@@ -5698,19 +5434,19 @@ std::string NMD::DERET(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DEXTM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DEXTM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string lsb = IMMEDIATE(copy(lsb_value));
-    std::string msbd = IMMEDIATE(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *lsb = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(lsb_value));
+    const char *msbd = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
 
-    return img::format("DEXTM %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
+    return img_format("DEXTM %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
 }
 
 
@@ -5724,19 +5460,19 @@ std::string NMD::DEXTM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DEXT(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DEXT(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string lsb = IMMEDIATE(copy(lsb_value));
-    std::string msbd = IMMEDIATE(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *lsb = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(lsb_value));
+    const char *msbd = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
 
-    return img::format("DEXT %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
+    return img_format("DEXT %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
 }
 
 
@@ -5750,19 +5486,19 @@ std::string NMD::DEXT(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DEXTU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DEXTU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string lsb = IMMEDIATE(copy(lsb_value));
-    std::string msbd = IMMEDIATE(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *lsb = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(lsb_value));
+    const char *msbd = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
 
-    return img::format("DEXTU %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
+    return img_format("DEXTU %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
 }
 
 
@@ -5776,20 +5512,20 @@ std::string NMD::DEXTU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DINSM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DINSM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string pos = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
-    std::string size = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *pos = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
+    const char *size = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
     /* !!!!!!!!!! - no conversion function */
 
-    return img::format("DINSM %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
+    return img_format("DINSM %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
     /* hand edited */
 }
 
@@ -5804,20 +5540,20 @@ std::string NMD::DINSM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DINS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DINS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string pos = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
-    std::string size = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *pos = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
+    const char *size = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
     /* !!!!!!!!!! - no conversion function */
 
-    return img::format("DINS %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
+    return img_format("DINS %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
     /* hand edited */
 }
 
@@ -5832,20 +5568,20 @@ std::string NMD::DINS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DINSU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DINSU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string pos = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
-    std::string size = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *pos = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
+    const char *size = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
     /* !!!!!!!!!! - no conversion function */
 
-    return img::format("DINSU %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
+    return img_format("DINSU %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
     /* hand edited */
 }
 
@@ -5860,13 +5596,13 @@ std::string NMD::DINSU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DI %s", rt);
+    return img_format("DI %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5880,17 +5616,17 @@ std::string NMD::DI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DIV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DIV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DIV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DIV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5904,17 +5640,17 @@ std::string NMD::DIV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DIV_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DIV_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("DIV.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("DIV.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -5928,17 +5664,17 @@ std::string NMD::DIV_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DIV_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DIV_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("DIV.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("DIV.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -5952,17 +5688,17 @@ std::string NMD::DIV_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DIVU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DIVU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DIVU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DIVU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -5976,19 +5712,19 @@ std::string NMD::DIVU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DLSA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DLSA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 u2_value = extract_u2_10_9(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u2 = IMMEDIATE(copy(u2_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u2 = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u2_value));
 
-    return img::format("DLSA %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, u2);
+    return img_format("DLSA %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, u2);
 }
 
 
@@ -6002,15 +5738,15 @@ std::string NMD::DLSA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DLUI_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DLUI_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_31_to_0__s32(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("DLUI %s, %s", rt, u);
+    return img_format("DLUI %s, %s", rt, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -6024,17 +5760,17 @@ std::string NMD::DLUI_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMFC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMFC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMFC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("DMFC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -6048,15 +5784,15 @@ std::string NMD::DMFC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMFC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMFC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMFC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
+    return img_format("DMFC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -6070,15 +5806,15 @@ std::string NMD::DMFC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMFC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMFC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMFC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("DMFC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -6092,17 +5828,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMFC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMFGC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMFGC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMFGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("DMFGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -6116,17 +5852,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMFGC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMOD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMOD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMOD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DMOD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6140,17 +5876,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMOD(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMODU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMODU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMODU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DMODU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6164,17 +5900,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMODU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMTC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMTC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMTC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("DMTC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -6188,15 +5924,15 @@ std::string NMD::DMTC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMTC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMTC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMTC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
+    return img_format("DMTC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -6210,15 +5946,15 @@ std::string NMD::DMTC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMTC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMTC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMTC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("DMTC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -6232,17 +5968,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMTC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMTGC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMTGC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMTGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("DMTGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -6256,13 +5992,13 @@ std::string NMD::DMTGC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMT(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMT(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMT %s", rt);
+    return img_format("DMT %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6276,17 +6012,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMT(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMUH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMUH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMUH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DMUH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6300,17 +6036,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMUH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMUHU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMUHU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMUHU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DMUHU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6324,17 +6060,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMUHU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMUL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMUL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMUL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DMUL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6348,17 +6084,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMUL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DMULU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DMULU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DMULU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DMULU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6373,17 +6109,17 @@ std::string NMD::DMULU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::DPA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6397,17 +6133,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAQ_SA.L.W %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAQ_SA.L.W %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6421,17 +6157,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAQ_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAQ_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6445,17 +6181,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAQX_SA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAQX_SA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6469,17 +6205,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAQX_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAQX_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6493,17 +6229,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAU.H.QBL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAU.H.QBL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6517,17 +6253,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAU.H.QBR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAU.H.QBR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6541,17 +6277,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPAX_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPAX_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPAX.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPAX.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6565,17 +6301,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPAX_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPS_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPS_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPS.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPS.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6589,17 +6325,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPS_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSQ_SA.L.W %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSQ_SA.L.W %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6613,17 +6349,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSQ_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSQ_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6637,17 +6373,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSQX_SA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSQX_SA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6661,17 +6397,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSQX_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSQX_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6685,17 +6421,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSU.H.QBL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSU.H.QBL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6709,17 +6445,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSU.H.QBR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSU.H.QBR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6733,17 +6469,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DPSX_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DPSX_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DPSX.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DPSX.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6757,17 +6493,17 @@ std::string NMD::DPSX_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DROTR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DROTR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DROTR %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DROTR %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -6781,17 +6517,17 @@ std::string NMD::DROTR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DROTR32(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DROTR32(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DROTR32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DROTR32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -6805,17 +6541,17 @@ std::string NMD::DROTR32(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DROTRV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DROTRV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DROTRV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DROTRV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6829,19 +6565,19 @@ std::string NMD::DROTRV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DROTX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DROTX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shiftx_value = extract_shiftx_11_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
-    std::string shiftx = IMMEDIATE(copy(shiftx_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
+    const char *shiftx = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shiftx_value));
 
-    return img::format("DROTX %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift, shiftx);
+    return img_format("DROTX %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift, shiftx);
 }
 
 
@@ -6855,17 +6591,17 @@ std::string NMD::DROTX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSLL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSLL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSLL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DSLL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -6879,17 +6615,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSLL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSLL32(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSLL32(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSLL32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DSLL32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -6903,17 +6639,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSLL32(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSLLV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSLLV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSLLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DSLLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6927,17 +6663,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSLLV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSRA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSRA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSRA %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DSRA %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -6951,17 +6687,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSRA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSRA32(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSRA32(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSRA32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DSRA32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -6975,17 +6711,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSRA32(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSRAV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSRAV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSRAV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DSRAV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -6999,17 +6735,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSRAV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSRL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSRL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSRL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DSRL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7023,17 +6759,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSRL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *                       shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSRL32(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSRL32(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSRL32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("DSRL32 %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7047,17 +6783,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSRL32(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSRLV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSRLV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSRLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DSRLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7071,17 +6807,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSRLV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSUB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSUB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSUB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DSUB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7095,17 +6831,17 @@ std::string NMD::DSUB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DSUBU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DSUBU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DSUBU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("DSUBU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7119,13 +6855,13 @@ std::string NMD::DSUBU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DVPE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DVPE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DVPE %s", rt);
+    return img_format("DVPE %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7139,13 +6875,13 @@ std::string NMD::DVPE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::DVP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *DVP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("DVP %s", rt);
+    return img_format("DVP %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7159,11 +6895,11 @@ std::string NMD::DVP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EHB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EHB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "EHB ";
+    return strdup("EHB ");
 }
 
 
@@ -7177,13 +6913,13 @@ std::string NMD::EHB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("EI %s", rt);
+    return img_format("EI %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7197,13 +6933,13 @@ std::string NMD::EI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EMT(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EMT(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("EMT %s", rt);
+    return img_format("EMT %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7217,11 +6953,11 @@ std::string NMD::EMT(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ERET(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ERET(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "ERET ";
+    return strdup("ERET ");
 }
 
 
@@ -7235,11 +6971,11 @@ std::string NMD::ERET(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ERETNC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ERETNC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "ERETNC ";
+    return strdup("ERETNC ");
 }
 
 
@@ -7253,13 +6989,13 @@ std::string NMD::ERETNC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EVP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EVP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("EVP %s", rt);
+    return img_format("EVP %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7273,13 +7009,13 @@ std::string NMD::EVP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EVPE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EVPE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("EVPE %s", rt);
+    return img_format("EVPE %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7293,19 +7029,19 @@ std::string NMD::EVPE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXT(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXT(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string lsb = IMMEDIATE(copy(lsb_value));
-    std::string msbd = IMMEDIATE(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *lsb = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(lsb_value));
+    const char *msbd = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_msbd_from_size(msbd_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXT %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
+    return img_format("EXT %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, lsb, msbd);
 }
 
 
@@ -7319,19 +7055,19 @@ std::string NMD::EXT(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTD %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTD %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7345,19 +7081,19 @@ std::string NMD::EXTD(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTD32(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTD32(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTD32 %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTD32 %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7371,17 +7107,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTD32(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTPDP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTPDP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 size_value = extract_size_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string size = IMMEDIATE(copy(size_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *size = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(size_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTPDP %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, size);
+    return img_format("EXTPDP %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, size);
 }
 
 
@@ -7395,17 +7131,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTPDP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTPDPV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTPDPV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTPDPV %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
+    return img_format("EXTPDPV %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7419,17 +7155,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTPDPV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 size_value = extract_size_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string size = IMMEDIATE(copy(size_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *size = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(size_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTP %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, size);
+    return img_format("EXTP %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, size);
 }
 
 
@@ -7443,17 +7179,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTPV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTPV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTPV %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
+    return img_format("EXTPV %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7468,17 +7204,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTPV(uint64 instruction)
  *       shift -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTR_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTR_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTR_RS.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTR_RS.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7493,17 +7229,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTR_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
  *       shift -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTR_R_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTR_R_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTR_R.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTR_R.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7518,17 +7254,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTR_R_W(uint64 instruction)
  *       shift -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTR_S_H(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTR_S_H(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTR_S.H %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTR_S.H %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7543,17 +7279,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTR_S_H(uint64 instruction)
  *       shift -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTR_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTR_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTR.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTR.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7568,17 +7304,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTR_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTRV_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTRV_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTRV_RS.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
+    return img_format("EXTRV_RS.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7593,17 +7329,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTRV_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTRV_R_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTRV_R_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTRV_R.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
+    return img_format("EXTRV_R.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7618,17 +7354,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTRV_R_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTRV_S_H(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTRV_S_H(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTRV_S.H %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
+    return img_format("EXTRV_S.H %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7643,17 +7379,17 @@ std::string NMD::EXTRV_S_H(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTRV_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTRV_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTRV.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
+    return img_format("EXTRV.W %s, %s, %s", rt, ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7668,19 +7404,19 @@ std::string NMD::EXTRV_W(uint64 instruction)
  *               rd -----
  *                 shift -----
  */
-std::string NMD::EXTW(uint64 instruction)
+static char *EXTW(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("EXTW %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, shift);
+    return img_format("EXTW %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -7694,15 +7430,15 @@ std::string NMD::EXTW(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::FLOOR_L_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *FLOOR_L_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("FLOOR.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("FLOOR.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7716,15 +7452,15 @@ std::string NMD::FLOOR_L_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::FLOOR_L_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *FLOOR_L_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("FLOOR.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("FLOOR.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7738,15 +7474,15 @@ std::string NMD::FLOOR_L_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::FLOOR_W_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *FLOOR_W_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("FLOOR.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("FLOOR.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7760,15 +7496,15 @@ std::string NMD::FLOOR_W_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::FLOOR_W_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *FLOOR_W_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("FLOOR.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("FLOOR.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7782,17 +7518,17 @@ std::string NMD::FLOOR_W_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::FORK(uint64 instruction)
+static char *FORK(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("FORK %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("FORK %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7806,13 +7542,13 @@ std::string NMD::FORK(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::HYPCALL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *HYPCALL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_17_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("HYPCALL %s", code);
+    return img_format("HYPCALL %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -7826,13 +7562,13 @@ std::string NMD::HYPCALL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::HYPCALL_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *HYPCALL_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("HYPCALL %s", code);
+    return img_format("HYPCALL %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -7846,20 +7582,20 @@ std::string NMD::HYPCALL_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::INS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *INS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 msbd_value = extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(instruction);
     uint64 lsb_value = extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string pos = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
-    std::string size = IMMEDIATE(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *pos = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(lsb_value));
+    const char *size = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(msbd_value));
     /* !!!!!!!!!! - no conversion function */
 
-    return img::format("INS %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
+    return img_format("INS %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, pos, size);
     /* hand edited */
 }
 
@@ -7873,15 +7609,15 @@ std::string NMD::INS(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::INSV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *INSV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("INSV %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("INSV %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7895,11 +7631,11 @@ std::string NMD::INSV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::IRET(uint64 instruction)
+static char *IRET(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "IRET ";
+    return strdup("IRET ");
 }
 
 
@@ -7913,13 +7649,13 @@ std::string NMD::IRET(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::JALRC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *JALRC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("JALRC $%d, %s", 31, rt);
+    return img_format("JALRC $%d, %s", 31, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7933,15 +7669,15 @@ std::string NMD::JALRC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::JALRC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *JALRC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("JALRC %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("JALRC %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7955,15 +7691,15 @@ std::string NMD::JALRC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::JALRC_HB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *JALRC_HB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("JALRC.HB %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("JALRC.HB %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -7977,13 +7713,13 @@ std::string NMD::JALRC_HB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::JRC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *JRC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("JRC %s", rt);
+    return img_format("JRC %s", rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -7997,17 +7733,17 @@ std::string NMD::JRC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LB_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LB_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LB %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("LB %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -8021,15 +7757,15 @@ std::string NMD::LB_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LB_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LB_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LB %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LB %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -8043,17 +7779,17 @@ std::string NMD::LB_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LB_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LB_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LB %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LB %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8067,17 +7803,17 @@ std::string NMD::LB_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LB_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LB_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LB %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LB %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8091,17 +7827,17 @@ std::string NMD::LB_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LBE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8115,17 +7851,17 @@ std::string NMD::LBE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBU_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBU_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBU %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("LBU %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -8139,15 +7875,15 @@ std::string NMD::LBU_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBU %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LBU %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -8161,17 +7897,17 @@ std::string NMD::LBU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBU %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LBU %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8185,17 +7921,17 @@ std::string NMD::LBU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBU %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LBU %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8209,17 +7945,17 @@ std::string NMD::LBU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBUE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBUE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBUE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LBUE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8233,17 +7969,17 @@ std::string NMD::LBUE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBUX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBUX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBUX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LBUX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8257,17 +7993,17 @@ std::string NMD::LBUX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LBX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LBX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LBX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LBX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8281,15 +8017,15 @@ std::string NMD::LBX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LD_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LD_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_20_to_3__s3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LD %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LD %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -8303,17 +8039,17 @@ std::string NMD::LD_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LD_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LD_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8327,17 +8063,17 @@ std::string NMD::LD_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LD_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LD_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LD %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LD %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8351,15 +8087,15 @@ std::string NMD::LD_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LDC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -8373,17 +8109,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8397,17 +8133,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8421,17 +8157,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDC1XS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDC1XS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LDC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8445,17 +8181,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDC1XS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDC1X(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDC1X(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LDC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8469,17 +8205,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDC1X(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ct_value = extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ct = CPR(copy(ct_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ct = CPR(copy_ui(ct_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDC2 %s, %s(%s)", ct, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LDC2 %s, %s(%s)", ct, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8493,19 +8229,19 @@ std::string NMD::LDC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("LDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -8519,15 +8255,15 @@ std::string NMD::LDM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
 
-    return img::format("LDPC %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("LDPC %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -8541,17 +8277,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LDX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8565,17 +8301,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LDXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LDXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LDXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LDXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8589,17 +8325,17 @@ std::string NMD::LDXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LH_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LH_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_2_1__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LH %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("LH %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -8613,15 +8349,15 @@ std::string NMD::LH_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LH_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LH_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_1__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LH %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LH %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -8635,17 +8371,17 @@ std::string NMD::LH_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LH_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LH_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8659,17 +8395,17 @@ std::string NMD::LH_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LH_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LH_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LH %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LH %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8683,17 +8419,17 @@ std::string NMD::LH_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LHE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8707,17 +8443,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHU_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHU_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_2_1__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHU %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("LHU %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -8731,15 +8467,15 @@ std::string NMD::LHU_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_1__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHU %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LHU %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -8753,17 +8489,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHU %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LHU %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8777,17 +8513,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHU %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LHU %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8801,17 +8537,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHUE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHUE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHUE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LHUE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8825,17 +8561,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHUE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHUX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHUX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHUX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LHUX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8849,17 +8585,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHUX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHUXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHUXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHUXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LHUXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8873,17 +8609,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHUXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LHXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8897,17 +8633,17 @@ std::string NMD::LHXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LHX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LHX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LHX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LHX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -8921,15 +8657,15 @@ std::string NMD::LHX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LI_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LI_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 eu_value = extract_eu_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string eu = IMMEDIATE(encode_eu_from_s_li16(eu_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *eu = IMMEDIATE_I(encode_eu_from_s_li16(eu_value));
 
-    return img::format("LI %s, %s", rt3, eu);
+    return img_format("LI %s, %s", rt3, eu);
 }
 
 
@@ -8943,15 +8679,15 @@ std::string NMD::LI_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LI_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LI_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("LI %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("LI %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -8965,17 +8701,17 @@ std::string NMD::LI_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LL %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LL %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -8989,17 +8725,17 @@ std::string NMD::LL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LLD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LLD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_s3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LLD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LLD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9013,17 +8749,17 @@ std::string NMD::LLD(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LLDP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LLDP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ru_value = extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ru = GPR(copy(ru_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ru = GPR(copy_ui(ru_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LLDP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
+    return img_format("LLDP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9037,17 +8773,17 @@ std::string NMD::LLDP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LLE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LLE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LLE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LLE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9061,17 +8797,17 @@ std::string NMD::LLE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LLWP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LLWP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ru_value = extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ru = GPR(copy(ru_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ru = GPR(copy_ui(ru_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LLWP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
+    return img_format("LLWP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9085,17 +8821,17 @@ std::string NMD::LLWP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LLWPE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LLWPE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ru_value = extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ru = GPR(copy(ru_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ru = GPR(copy_ui(ru_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LLWPE %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
+    return img_format("LLWPE %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9109,19 +8845,19 @@ std::string NMD::LLWPE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LSA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LSA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 u2_value = extract_u2_10_9(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u2 = IMMEDIATE(copy(u2_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u2 = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u2_value));
 
-    return img::format("LSA %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, u2);
+    return img_format("LSA %s, %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt, u2);
 }
 
 
@@ -9135,15 +8871,15 @@ std::string NMD::LSA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LUI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LUI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_0_11_to_2_20_to_12_s12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("LUI %s, %%hi(%s)", rt, s);
+    return img_format("LUI %s, %%hi(%s)", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -9157,17 +8893,17 @@ std::string NMD::LUI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -9181,17 +8917,17 @@ std::string NMD::LW_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt4_value = extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rs4_value = extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_3_8__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
+    const char *rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt4, u, rs4);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt4, u, rs4);
 }
 
 
@@ -9205,15 +8941,15 @@ std::string NMD::LW_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_20_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -9227,15 +8963,15 @@ std::string NMD::LW_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_GP16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_GP16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_6_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s($%d)", rt3, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s($%d)", rt3, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -9249,17 +8985,17 @@ std::string NMD::LW_GP16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9273,15 +9009,15 @@ std::string NMD::LW_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_SP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_SP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_4_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 29);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 29);
 }
 
 
@@ -9295,17 +9031,17 @@ std::string NMD::LW_SP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LW_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LW_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LW %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9319,15 +9055,15 @@ std::string NMD::LW_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LWC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -9341,17 +9077,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9365,17 +9101,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9389,17 +9125,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWC1X(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWC1X(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LWC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9413,17 +9149,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWC1X(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWC1XS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWC1XS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LWC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9437,17 +9173,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWC1XS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ct_value = extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ct = CPR(copy(ct_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ct = CPR(copy_ui(ct_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWC2 %s, %s(%s)", ct, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LWC2 %s, %s(%s)", ct, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9461,17 +9197,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LWE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9485,19 +9221,19 @@ std::string NMD::LWE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("LWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -9511,15 +9247,15 @@ std::string NMD::LWM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
 
-    return img::format("LWPC %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("LWPC %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -9533,15 +9269,15 @@ std::string NMD::LWPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWU %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("LWU %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -9555,17 +9291,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWU_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWU %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("LWU %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9579,17 +9315,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWU_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWU %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("LWU %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -9603,17 +9339,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWU_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWUX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWUX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWUX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LWUX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9627,17 +9363,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWUX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWUXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWUXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWUXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LWUXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9651,17 +9387,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWUXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LWX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9675,17 +9411,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWXS_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWXS_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 rd3_value = extract_rd3_3_2_1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rd3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rt3 = IMMEDIATE(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rd3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rd3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWXS %s, %s(%s)", rd3, rs3, rt3);
+    return img_format("LWXS %s, %s(%s)", rd3, rs3, rt3);
 }
 
 
@@ -9699,17 +9435,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWXS_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::LWXS_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *LWXS_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("LWXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("LWXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9724,17 +9460,17 @@ std::string NMD::LWXS_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MADD_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MADD_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MADD %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MADD %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9748,17 +9484,17 @@ std::string NMD::MADD_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MADDF_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MADDF_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MADDF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MADDF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -9772,17 +9508,17 @@ std::string NMD::MADDF_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MADDF_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MADDF_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MADDF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MADDF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -9797,17 +9533,17 @@ std::string NMD::MADDF_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MADDU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MADDU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MADDU %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MADDU %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9822,17 +9558,17 @@ std::string NMD::MADDU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAQ_S.W.PHL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MAQ_S.W.PHL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9847,17 +9583,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAQ_S.W.PHR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MAQ_S.W.PHR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9872,17 +9608,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAQ_SA_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAQ_SA_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAQ_SA.W.PHL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MAQ_SA.W.PHL %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9897,17 +9633,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAQ_SA_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAQ_SA_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAQ_SA_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAQ_SA.W.PHR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MAQ_SA.W.PHR %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -9921,17 +9657,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAQ_SA_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAX_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAX_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAX.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MAX.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -9945,17 +9681,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAX_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAX_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAX_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAX.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MAX.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -9969,17 +9705,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAX_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAXA_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAXA_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAXA.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MAXA.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -9993,17 +9729,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAXA_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MAXA_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MAXA_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MAXA.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MAXA.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10017,17 +9753,17 @@ std::string NMD::MAXA_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MFC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10041,15 +9777,15 @@ std::string NMD::MFC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
+    return img_format("MFC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10063,15 +9799,15 @@ std::string NMD::MFC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("MFC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10085,17 +9821,17 @@ std::string NMD::MFC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFGC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFGC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MFGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10109,17 +9845,17 @@ std::string NMD::MFGC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFHC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFHC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFHC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MFHC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10133,15 +9869,15 @@ std::string NMD::MFHC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFHC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFHC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFHC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
+    return img_format("MFHC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10155,15 +9891,15 @@ std::string NMD::MFHC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFHC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFHC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFHC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("MFHC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10177,17 +9913,17 @@ std::string NMD::MFHC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFHGC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFHGC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFHGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MFHGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10200,15 +9936,15 @@ std::string NMD::MFHGC0(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MFHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFHI %s, %s", rt, ac);
+    return img_format("MFHI %s, %s", rt, ac);
 }
 
 
@@ -10222,19 +9958,19 @@ std::string NMD::MFHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFHTR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFHTR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_10(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = IMMEDIATE(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFHTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
+    return img_format("MFHTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10247,15 +9983,15 @@ std::string NMD::MFHTR(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MFLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFLO %s, %s", rt, ac);
+    return img_format("MFLO %s, %s", rt, ac);
 }
 
 
@@ -10269,19 +10005,19 @@ std::string NMD::MFLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MFTR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MFTR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_10(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = IMMEDIATE(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MFTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
+    return img_format("MFTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10295,17 +10031,17 @@ std::string NMD::MFTR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MIN_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MIN_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MIN.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MIN.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10319,17 +10055,17 @@ std::string NMD::MIN_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MIN_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MIN_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MIN.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MIN.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10343,17 +10079,17 @@ std::string NMD::MIN_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MINA_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MINA_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MINA.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MINA.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10367,17 +10103,17 @@ std::string NMD::MINA_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MINA_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MINA_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MINA.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MINA.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10391,17 +10127,17 @@ std::string NMD::MINA_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MOD %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10415,17 +10151,17 @@ std::string NMD::MOD(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MODSUB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MODSUB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MODSUB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MODSUB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10439,17 +10175,17 @@ std::string NMD::MODSUB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MODU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MODU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MODU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MODU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10463,15 +10199,15 @@ std::string NMD::MODU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOV_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOV_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOV.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("MOV.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10485,15 +10221,15 @@ std::string NMD::MOV_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOV_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOV_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOV.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("MOV.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10507,17 +10243,17 @@ std::string NMD::MOV_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOVE_BALC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOVE_BALC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rtz4_value = extract_rtz4_27_26_25_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rd1_value = extract_rdl_25_24(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se21_0_20_to_1_s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd1 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr1(rd1_value));
-    std::string rtz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rtz4_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
+    const char *rd1 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr1(rd1_value));
+    const char *rtz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rtz4_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 4);
 
-    return img::format("MOVE.BALC %s, %s, %s", rd1, rtz4, s);
+    return img_format("MOVE.BALC %s, %s, %s", rd1, rtz4, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -10531,19 +10267,19 @@ std::string NMD::MOVE_BALC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOVEP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOVEP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rtz4_value = extract_rtz4_9_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rd2_value = extract_rd2_3_8(instruction);
     uint64 rsz4_value = extract_rsz4_4_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(rd2_value));
-    std::string re2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(rd2_value));
+    const char *rd2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(rd2_value));
+    const char *re2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(rd2_value));
     /* !!!!!!!!!! - no conversion function */
-    std::string rsz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rsz4_value));
-    std::string rtz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rtz4_value));
+    const char *rsz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rsz4_value));
+    const char *rtz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rtz4_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOVEP %s, %s, %s, %s", rd2, re2, rsz4, rtz4);
+    return img_format("MOVEP %s, %s, %s, %s", rd2, re2, rsz4, rtz4);
     /* hand edited */
 }
 
@@ -10558,19 +10294,19 @@ std::string NMD::MOVEP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOVEP_REV_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOVEP_REV_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt4_value = extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rd2_value = extract_rd2_3_8(instruction);
     uint64 rs4_value = extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
-    std::string rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
-    std::string rd2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(rd2_value));
-    std::string rs2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(rd2_value));
+    const char *rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
+    const char *rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
+    const char *rd2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(rd2_value));
+    const char *rs2 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(rd2_value));
     /* !!!!!!!!!! - no conversion function */
 
-    return img::format("MOVEP %s, %s, %s, %s", rs4, rt4, rd2, rs2);
+    return img_format("MOVEP %s, %s, %s, %s", rs4, rt4, rd2, rs2);
     /* hand edited */
 }
 
@@ -10585,15 +10321,15 @@ std::string NMD::MOVEP_REV_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOVE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOVE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOVE %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("MOVE %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10607,17 +10343,17 @@ std::string NMD::MOVE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOVN(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOVN(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOVN %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MOVN %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10631,17 +10367,17 @@ std::string NMD::MOVN(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MOVZ(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MOVZ(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MOVZ %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MOVZ %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10655,17 +10391,17 @@ std::string NMD::MOVZ(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MSUB_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MSUB_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MSUB %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MSUB %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10679,17 +10415,17 @@ std::string NMD::MSUB_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MSUBF_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MSUBF_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MSUBF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MSUBF.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10703,17 +10439,17 @@ std::string NMD::MSUBF_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MSUBF_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MSUBF_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MSUBF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MSUBF.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -10727,17 +10463,17 @@ std::string NMD::MSUBF_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MSUBU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MSUBU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MSUBU %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MSUBU %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -10751,17 +10487,17 @@ std::string NMD::MSUBU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MTC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10775,15 +10511,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
+    return img_format("MTC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10797,15 +10533,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("MTC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10819,17 +10555,17 @@ std::string NMD::MTC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTGC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTGC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MTGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10843,17 +10579,17 @@ std::string NMD::MTGC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MTHC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10867,15 +10603,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTHC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHC1(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHC1(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
+    return img_format("MTHC1 %s, %s", rt, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10889,15 +10625,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTHC1(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
+    return img_format("MTHC2 %s, %s", rt, cs);
 }
 
 
@@ -10911,17 +10647,17 @@ std::string NMD::MTHC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHGC0(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHGC0(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = CPR(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = CPR(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
+    return img_format("MTHGC0 %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -10934,15 +10670,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTHGC0(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHI %s, %s", rs, ac);
+    return img_format("MTHI %s, %s", rs, ac);
 }
 
 
@@ -10955,15 +10691,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHLIP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHLIP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHLIP %s, %s", rs, ac);
+    return img_format("MTHLIP %s, %s", rs, ac);
 }
 
 
@@ -10977,19 +10713,19 @@ std::string NMD::MTHLIP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTHTR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTHTR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_10(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = IMMEDIATE(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTHTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
+    return img_format("MTHTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -11002,15 +10738,15 @@ std::string NMD::MTHTR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MTLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTLO %s, %s", rs, ac);
+    return img_format("MTLO %s, %s", rs, ac);
 }
 
 
@@ -11024,19 +10760,19 @@ std::string NMD::MTLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MTTR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MTTR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 c0s_value = extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_10(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string c0s = IMMEDIATE(copy(c0s_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *c0s = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(c0s_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("MTTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
+    return img_format("MTTR %s, %s, %s, %s", rt, c0s, u, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -11050,17 +10786,17 @@ std::string NMD::MTTR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MUH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11074,17 +10810,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUHU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUHU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUHU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MUHU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11098,17 +10834,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUHU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUL_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUL_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MUL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11122,15 +10858,15 @@ std::string NMD::MUL_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUL_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUL_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt4_value = extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rs4_value = extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
-    std::string rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
+    const char *rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
+    const char *rt4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rt4_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUL %s, %s", rs4, rt4);
+    return img_format("MUL %s, %s", rs4, rt4);
 }
 
 
@@ -11144,17 +10880,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUL_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUL_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUL_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUL.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MUL.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -11169,17 +10905,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUL_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUL_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUL_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUL.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MUL.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11194,17 +10930,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUL_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUL_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUL_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUL_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MUL_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11218,17 +10954,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUL_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MUL_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MUL_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("MUL.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("MUL.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -11243,17 +10979,17 @@ std::string NMD::MUL_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULEQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULEQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULEQ_S.W.PHL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULEQ_S.W.PHL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11268,17 +11004,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULEQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULEQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULEQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULEQ_S.W.PHR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULEQ_S.W.PHR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11293,17 +11029,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULEQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULEU_S_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULEU_S_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULEU_S.PH.QBL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULEU_S.PH.QBL %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11318,17 +11054,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULEU_S_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULEU_S_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULEU_S_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULEU_S.PH.QBR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULEU_S.PH.QBR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11343,17 +11079,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULEU_S_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULQ_RS_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULQ_RS_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULQ_RS.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULQ_RS.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11368,17 +11104,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULQ_RS_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULQ_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULQ_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULQ_RS.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULQ_RS.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11393,17 +11129,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULQ_RS_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULQ_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULQ_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11418,17 +11154,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULQ_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULQ_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11443,17 +11179,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MULSA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULSA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULSA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULSA.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11468,17 +11204,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULSA_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MULSAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULSAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULSAQ_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULSAQ_S.W.PH %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11492,17 +11228,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULSAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MULT_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULT_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULT %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULT %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11516,17 +11252,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULT_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::MULTU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULTU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULTU %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULTU %s, %s, %s", ac, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11540,17 +11276,17 @@ std::string NMD::MULTU_DSP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::MULU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *MULU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("MULU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("MULU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11564,15 +11300,15 @@ std::string NMD::MULU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::NEG_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *NEG_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("NEG.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("NEG.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11586,15 +11322,15 @@ std::string NMD::NEG_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::NEG_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *NEG_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("NEG.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("NEG.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11608,11 +11344,11 @@ std::string NMD::NEG_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::NOP_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *NOP_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "NOP ";
+    return strdup("NOP ");
 }
 
 
@@ -11626,11 +11362,11 @@ std::string NMD::NOP_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::NOP_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *NOP_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "NOP ";
+    return strdup("NOP ");
 }
 
 
@@ -11644,17 +11380,17 @@ std::string NMD::NOP_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::NOR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *NOR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("NOR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("NOR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11668,15 +11404,15 @@ std::string NMD::NOR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::NOT_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *NOT_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("NOT %s, %s", rt3, rs3);
+    return img_format("NOT %s, %s", rt3, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -11690,15 +11426,15 @@ std::string NMD::NOT_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::OR_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *OR_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
 
-    return img::format("OR %s, %s", rs3, rt3);
+    return img_format("OR %s, %s", rs3, rt3);
 }
 
 
@@ -11712,17 +11448,17 @@ std::string NMD::OR_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::OR_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *OR_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("OR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("OR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11736,17 +11472,17 @@ std::string NMD::OR_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ORI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ORI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ORI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("ORI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -11761,17 +11497,17 @@ std::string NMD::ORI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PACKRL_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PACKRL_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PACKRL.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PACKRL.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11785,11 +11521,11 @@ std::string NMD::PACKRL_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PAUSE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PAUSE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "PAUSE ";
+    return strdup("PAUSE ");
 }
 
 
@@ -11804,17 +11540,17 @@ std::string NMD::PAUSE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PICK_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PICK_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PICK.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PICK.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11829,17 +11565,17 @@ std::string NMD::PICK_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PICK_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PICK_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PICK.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PICK.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -11854,15 +11590,15 @@ std::string NMD::PICK_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEQ_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEQ_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEQ.W.PHL %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEQ.W.PHL %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11877,15 +11613,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEQ_W_PHL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEQ_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEQ_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEQ.W.PHR %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEQ.W.PHR %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11900,15 +11636,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEQ_W_PHR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEQU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEQU.PH.QBLA %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEQU.PH.QBLA %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11923,15 +11659,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEQU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEQU.PH.QBL %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEQU.PH.QBL %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11946,15 +11682,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEQU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEQU.PH.QBRA %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEQU.PH.QBRA %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11969,15 +11705,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEQU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEQU.PH.QBR %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEQU.PH.QBR %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -11993,15 +11729,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEU.PH.QBLA %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEU.PH.QBLA %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12016,15 +11752,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEU.PH.QBL %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEU.PH.QBL %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12040,15 +11776,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEU.PH.QBRA %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEU.PH.QBRA %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12063,15 +11799,15 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECEU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECEU.PH.QBR %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("PRECEU.PH.QBR %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12086,17 +11822,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECR_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECR_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECR.QB.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PRECR.QB.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -12111,17 +11847,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECR_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECR_SRA_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECR_SRA_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECR_SRA.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("PRECR_SRA.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -12136,17 +11872,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECR_SRA_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECR_SRA_R_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECR_SRA_R_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECR_SRA_R.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("PRECR_SRA_R.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -12161,17 +11897,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECR_SRA_R_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECRQ_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECRQ_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECRQ.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PRECRQ.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -12186,17 +11922,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECRQ_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECRQ_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECRQ_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECRQ.QB.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PRECRQ.QB.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -12211,17 +11947,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECRQ_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECRQ_RS_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECRQ_RS_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECRQ_RS.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PRECRQ_RS.PH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -12236,17 +11972,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECRQ_RS_PH_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PRECRQU_S_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PRECRQU_S_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("PRECRQU_S.QB.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("PRECRQU_S.QB.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -12260,17 +11996,17 @@ std::string NMD::PRECRQU_S_QB_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PREF_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PREF_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 hint_value = extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string hint = IMMEDIATE(copy(hint_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *hint = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(hint_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PREF %s, %s(%s)", hint, s, rs);
+    return img_format("PREF %s, %s(%s)", hint, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12284,17 +12020,17 @@ std::string NMD::PREF_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PREF_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PREF_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 hint_value = extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string hint = IMMEDIATE(copy(hint_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *hint = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(hint_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PREF %s, %s(%s)", hint, u, rs);
+    return img_format("PREF %s, %s(%s)", hint, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12308,17 +12044,17 @@ std::string NMD::PREF_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PREFE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PREFE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 hint_value = extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string hint = IMMEDIATE(copy(hint_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *hint = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(hint_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("PREFE %s, %s(%s)", hint, s, rs);
+    return img_format("PREFE %s, %s(%s)", hint, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12332,17 +12068,17 @@ std::string NMD::PREFE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::PREPEND(uint64 instruction)
+static char *PREPEND(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("PREPEND %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("PREPEND %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -12355,15 +12091,15 @@ std::string NMD::PREPEND(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RADDU_W_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RADDU_W_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RADDU.W.QB %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("RADDU.W.QB %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12376,15 +12112,15 @@ std::string NMD::RADDU_W_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *        mask -------
  */
-std::string NMD::RDDSP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RDDSP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 mask_value = extract_mask_20_19_18_17_16_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string mask = IMMEDIATE(copy(mask_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *mask = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(mask_value));
 
-    return img::format("RDDSP %s, %s", rt, mask);
+    return img_format("RDDSP %s, %s", rt, mask);
 }
 
 
@@ -12398,17 +12134,17 @@ std::string NMD::RDDSP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RDHWR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RDHWR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 hs_value = extract_hs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sel_value = extract_sel_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string hs = CPR(copy(hs_value));
-    std::string sel = IMMEDIATE(copy(sel_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *hs = CPR(copy_ui(hs_value));
+    const char *sel = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sel_value));
 
-    return img::format("RDHWR %s, %s, %s", rt, hs, sel);
+    return img_format("RDHWR %s, %s, %s", rt, hs, sel);
 }
 
 
@@ -12422,15 +12158,15 @@ std::string NMD::RDHWR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RDPGPR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RDPGPR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RDPGPR %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("RDPGPR %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12444,15 +12180,15 @@ std::string NMD::RDPGPR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RECIP_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RECIP_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RECIP.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("RECIP.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12466,15 +12202,15 @@ std::string NMD::RECIP_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RECIP_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RECIP_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RECIP.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("RECIP.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12488,15 +12224,15 @@ std::string NMD::RECIP_S(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *           s ----------
  */
-std::string NMD::REPL_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *REPL_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se9_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("REPL.PH %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("REPL.PH %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -12510,15 +12246,15 @@ std::string NMD::REPL_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *           u --------
  */
-std::string NMD::REPL_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *REPL_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("REPL.QB %s, %s", rt, u);
+    return img_format("REPL.QB %s, %s", rt, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -12532,15 +12268,15 @@ std::string NMD::REPL_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::REPLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *REPLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("REPLV.PH %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("REPLV.PH %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12553,15 +12289,15 @@ std::string NMD::REPLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::REPLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *REPLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("REPLV.QB %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("REPLV.QB %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12575,15 +12311,15 @@ std::string NMD::REPLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RESTORE_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RESTORE_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(instruction);
     uint64 gp_value = extract_gp_2(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    return img::format("RESTORE %s%s", u,
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    return img_format("RESTORE %s%s", u,
                save_restore_list(rt_value, count_value, gp_value));
 }
 
@@ -12598,14 +12334,14 @@ std::string NMD::RESTORE_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RESTORE_JRC_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RESTORE_JRC_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt1_value = extract_rtl_11(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_7_6_5_4__s4(instruction);
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    return img::format("RESTORE.JRC %s%s", u,
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    return img_format("RESTORE.JRC %s%s", u,
         save_restore_list(encode_rt1_from_rt(rt1_value), count_value, 0));
 }
 
@@ -12620,15 +12356,15 @@ std::string NMD::RESTORE_JRC_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RESTORE_JRC_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RESTORE_JRC_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(instruction);
     uint64 gp_value = extract_gp_2(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    return img::format("RESTORE.JRC %s%s", u,
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    return img_format("RESTORE.JRC %s%s", u,
                save_restore_list(rt_value, count_value, gp_value));
 }
 
@@ -12643,15 +12379,15 @@ std::string NMD::RESTORE_JRC_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RESTOREF(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RESTOREF(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string count = IMMEDIATE(copy(count_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *count = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(count_value));
 
-    return img::format("RESTOREF %s, %s", u, count);
+    return img_format("RESTOREF %s, %s", u, count);
 }
 
 
@@ -12665,15 +12401,15 @@ std::string NMD::RESTOREF(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RINT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RINT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RINT.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("RINT.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12687,15 +12423,15 @@ std::string NMD::RINT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RINT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RINT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RINT.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("RINT.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12709,17 +12445,17 @@ std::string NMD::RINT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROTR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROTR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROTR %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("ROTR %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -12733,17 +12469,17 @@ std::string NMD::ROTR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROTRV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROTRV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROTRV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("ROTRV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -12757,7 +12493,7 @@ std::string NMD::ROTRV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROTX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROTX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
@@ -12765,13 +12501,13 @@ std::string NMD::ROTX(uint64 instruction)
     uint64 stripe_value = extract_stripe_6(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
-    std::string shiftx = IMMEDIATE(copy(shiftx_value));
-    std::string stripe = IMMEDIATE(copy(stripe_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
+    const char *shiftx = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shiftx_value));
+    const char *stripe = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(stripe_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROTX %s, %s, %s, %s, %s",
+    return img_format("ROTX %s, %s, %s, %s, %s",
                        rt, rs, shift, shiftx, stripe);
 }
 
@@ -12786,15 +12522,15 @@ std::string NMD::ROTX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROUND_L_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROUND_L_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROUND.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("ROUND.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12808,15 +12544,15 @@ std::string NMD::ROUND_L_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROUND_L_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROUND_L_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROUND.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("ROUND.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12830,15 +12566,15 @@ std::string NMD::ROUND_L_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROUND_W_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROUND_W_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROUND.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("ROUND.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12852,15 +12588,15 @@ std::string NMD::ROUND_W_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ROUND_W_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ROUND_W_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("ROUND.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("ROUND.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12874,15 +12610,15 @@ std::string NMD::ROUND_W_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RSQRT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RSQRT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RSQRT.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("RSQRT.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12896,15 +12632,15 @@ std::string NMD::RSQRT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::RSQRT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *RSQRT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("RSQRT.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("RSQRT.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -12918,14 +12654,14 @@ std::string NMD::RSQRT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SAVE_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SAVE_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt1_value = extract_rtl_11(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_7_6_5_4__s4(instruction);
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    return img::format("SAVE %s%s", u,
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    return img_format("SAVE %s%s", u,
         save_restore_list(encode_rt1_from_rt(rt1_value), count_value, 0));
 }
 
@@ -12940,15 +12676,15 @@ std::string NMD::SAVE_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SAVE_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SAVE_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(instruction);
     uint64 gp_value = extract_gp_2(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    return img::format("SAVE %s%s", u,
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    return img_format("SAVE %s%s", u,
                save_restore_list(rt_value, count_value, gp_value));
 }
 
@@ -12963,15 +12699,15 @@ std::string NMD::SAVE_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SAVEF(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SAVEF(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 count_value = extract_count_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(instruction);
 
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string count = IMMEDIATE(copy(count_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *count = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(count_value));
 
-    return img::format("SAVEF %s, %s", u, count);
+    return img_format("SAVEF %s, %s", u, count);
 }
 
 
@@ -12985,17 +12721,17 @@ std::string NMD::SAVEF(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SB_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SB_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rtz3_value = extract_rtz3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SB %s, %s(%s)", rtz3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("SB %s, %s(%s)", rtz3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -13009,15 +12745,15 @@ std::string NMD::SB_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SB_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SB_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SB %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SB %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -13031,17 +12767,17 @@ std::string NMD::SB_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SB_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SB_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SB %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SB %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13055,17 +12791,17 @@ std::string NMD::SB_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SB_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SB_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SB %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("SB %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13079,17 +12815,17 @@ std::string NMD::SB_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SBE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SBE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SBE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SBE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13103,17 +12839,17 @@ std::string NMD::SBE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SBX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SBX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SBX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SBX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -13127,17 +12863,17 @@ std::string NMD::SBX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SC %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SC %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13151,17 +12887,17 @@ std::string NMD::SC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SCD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SCD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_s3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SCD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SCD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13175,17 +12911,17 @@ std::string NMD::SCD(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SCDP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SCDP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ru_value = extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ru = GPR(copy(ru_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ru = GPR(copy_ui(ru_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SCDP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
+    return img_format("SCDP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13199,17 +12935,17 @@ std::string NMD::SCDP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SCE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SCE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SCE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SCE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13223,17 +12959,17 @@ std::string NMD::SCE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SCWP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SCWP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ru_value = extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ru = GPR(copy(ru_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ru = GPR(copy_ui(ru_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SCWP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
+    return img_format("SCWP %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13247,17 +12983,17 @@ std::string NMD::SCWP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SCWPE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SCWPE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ru_value = extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string ru = GPR(copy(ru_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *ru = GPR(copy_ui(ru_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SCWPE %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
+    return img_format("SCWPE %s, %s, (%s)", rt, ru, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13271,15 +13007,15 @@ std::string NMD::SCWPE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SD_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SD_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_20_to_3__s3(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SD %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SD %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -13293,17 +13029,17 @@ std::string NMD::SD_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SD_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SD_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SD %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13317,17 +13053,17 @@ std::string NMD::SD_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SD_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SD_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SD %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("SD %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13341,13 +13077,13 @@ std::string NMD::SD_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDBBP_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDBBP_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDBBP %s", code);
+    return img_format("SDBBP %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -13361,13 +13097,13 @@ std::string NMD::SDBBP_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDBBP_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDBBP_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_18_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDBBP %s", code);
+    return img_format("SDBBP %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -13381,15 +13117,15 @@ std::string NMD::SDBBP_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SDC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -13403,17 +13139,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13427,17 +13163,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
+    return img_format("SDC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13451,17 +13187,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDC1X(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDC1X(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SDC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -13475,17 +13211,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDC1X(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDC1XS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDC1XS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SDC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -13499,17 +13235,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDC1XS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDC2 %s, %s(%s)", cs, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SDC2 %s, %s(%s)", cs, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13523,19 +13259,19 @@ std::string NMD::SDC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("SDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -13549,15 +13285,15 @@ std::string NMD::SDM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
 
-    return img::format("SDPC %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("SDPC %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -13571,17 +13307,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SDXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -13595,17 +13331,17 @@ std::string NMD::SDXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SDX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SDX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SDX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SDX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -13619,15 +13355,15 @@ std::string NMD::SDX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SEB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SEB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SEB %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SEB %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13641,15 +13377,15 @@ std::string NMD::SEB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SEH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SEH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SEH %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SEH %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13663,17 +13399,17 @@ std::string NMD::SEH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SEL_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SEL_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SEL.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SEL.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -13687,17 +13423,17 @@ std::string NMD::SEL_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SEL_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SEL_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SEL.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SEL.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -13711,17 +13447,17 @@ std::string NMD::SEL_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SELEQZ_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SELEQZ_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SELEQZ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SELEQZ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -13735,17 +13471,17 @@ std::string NMD::SELEQZ_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SELEQZ_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SELEQZ_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SELEQZ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SELEQZ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -13759,17 +13495,17 @@ std::string NMD::SELEQZ_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SELNEZ_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SELNEZ_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SELNEZ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SELNEZ.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -13783,17 +13519,17 @@ std::string NMD::SELNEZ_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SELNEZ_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SELNEZ_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SELNEZ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SELNEZ.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -13807,17 +13543,17 @@ std::string NMD::SELNEZ_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SEQI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SEQI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SEQI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("SEQI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -13831,17 +13567,17 @@ std::string NMD::SEQI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SH_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SH_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rtz3_value = extract_rtz3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_2_1__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SH %s, %s(%s)", rtz3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("SH %s, %s(%s)", rtz3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -13855,15 +13591,15 @@ std::string NMD::SH_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SH_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SH_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_1__s1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SH %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SH %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -13877,17 +13613,17 @@ std::string NMD::SH_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SH_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SH_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13901,17 +13637,17 @@ std::string NMD::SH_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SH_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SH_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SH %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("SH %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13925,17 +13661,17 @@ std::string NMD::SH_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SHE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13949,15 +13685,15 @@ std::string NMD::SHE(uint64 instruction)
  *      shift ------
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::SHILO(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHILO(uint64 instruction)
 {
     int64 shift_value = extract_shift__se5_21_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHILO %s, %s", ac, shift);
+    return img_format("SHILO %s, %s", ac, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -13971,15 +13707,15 @@ std::string NMD::SHILO(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               ac --
  */
-std::string NMD::SHILOV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHILOV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ac_value = extract_ac_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string ac = AC(copy(ac_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *ac = AC(copy_ui(ac_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHILOV %s, %s", ac, rs);
+    return img_format("SHILOV %s, %s", ac, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -13993,17 +13729,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHILOV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               sa ----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLL_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLL_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLL.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHLL.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14017,17 +13753,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLL_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               sa ---
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLL_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLL_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLL.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHLL.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14042,17 +13778,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLL_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               sa ----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLL_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLL_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLL_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHLL_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14066,17 +13802,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLL_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               sa -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLL_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLL_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLL_S.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHLL_S.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14091,17 +13827,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLL_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLLV.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHLLV.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14115,17 +13851,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLLV.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHLLV.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14140,17 +13876,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLLV_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLLV_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLLV_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHLLV_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14164,17 +13900,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLLV_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHLLV_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHLLV_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHLLV_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHLLV_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14188,17 +13924,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHLLV_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRA_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRA_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRA.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRA.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14212,17 +13948,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRA_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRA_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRA_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRA.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRA.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14236,17 +13972,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRA_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRA_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRA_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRA_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRA_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14260,17 +13996,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRA_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRA_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRA_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRA_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRA_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14284,17 +14020,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRA_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRA_R_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRA_R_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRA_R.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRA_R.W %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14308,17 +14044,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRA_R_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRAV_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRAV_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRAV.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRAV.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14332,17 +14068,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRAV_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRAV_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRAV_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRAV.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRAV.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14356,17 +14092,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRAV_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRAV_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRAV_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRAV_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRAV_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14380,17 +14116,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRAV_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRAV_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRAV_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRAV_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRAV_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14404,17 +14140,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRAV_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRAV_R_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRAV_R_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRAV_R.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRAV_R.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14428,17 +14164,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRAV_R_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               sa ----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRL_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRL_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRL.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRL.PH %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14452,17 +14188,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRL_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               sa ---
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRL_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRL_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 sa_value = extract_sa_15_14_13(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string sa = IMMEDIATE(copy(sa_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *sa = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(sa_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRL.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
+    return img_format("SHRL.QB %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, sa);
 }
 
 
@@ -14477,17 +14213,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRL_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRLV.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRLV.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14501,17 +14237,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRLV_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHRLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHRLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHRLV.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
+    return img_format("SHRLV.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14525,17 +14261,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHRLV_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SHX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14549,17 +14285,17 @@ std::string NMD::SHX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SHXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SHXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SHXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SHXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14573,13 +14309,13 @@ std::string NMD::SHXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SIGRIE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SIGRIE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_18_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("SIGRIE %s", code);
+    return img_format("SIGRIE %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -14593,17 +14329,17 @@ std::string NMD::SIGRIE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLL_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLL_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 shift3_value = extract_shift3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string shift3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_shift3_from_shift(shift3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *shift3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_shift3_from_shift(shift3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLL %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, shift3);
+    return img_format("SLL %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, shift3);
 }
 
 
@@ -14617,17 +14353,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLL_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLL_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLL_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("SLL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -14641,17 +14377,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLL_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLLV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLLV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SLLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14665,17 +14401,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLLV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLT(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLT(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLT %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SLT %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14689,17 +14425,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLT(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLTI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLTI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLTI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("SLTI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -14713,17 +14449,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLTI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLTIU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLTIU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLTIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("SLTIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -14737,17 +14473,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLTIU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SLTU(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SLTU(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SLTU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SLTU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14761,17 +14497,17 @@ std::string NMD::SLTU(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SOV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SOV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SOV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SOV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14785,13 +14521,13 @@ std::string NMD::SOV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SPECIAL2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SPECIAL2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 op_value = extract_op_25_to_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string op = IMMEDIATE(copy(op_value));
+    const char *op = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(op_value));
 
-    return img::format("SPECIAL2 %s", op);
+    return img_format("SPECIAL2 %s", op);
 }
 
 
@@ -14805,15 +14541,15 @@ std::string NMD::SPECIAL2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SQRT_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SQRT_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SQRT.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("SQRT.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14827,15 +14563,15 @@ std::string NMD::SQRT_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SQRT_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SQRT_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SQRT.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("SQRT.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -14849,17 +14585,17 @@ std::string NMD::SQRT_S(uint64 instruction)
  *               rd -----
  *                    sa -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SRA(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SRA(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("SRA %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("SRA %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -14873,17 +14609,17 @@ std::string NMD::SRA(uint64 instruction)
  *          rt -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SRAV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SRAV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SRAV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SRAV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14897,17 +14633,17 @@ std::string NMD::SRAV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rt -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SRL_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SRL_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 shift3_value = extract_shift3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string shift3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_shift3_from_shift(shift3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *shift3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_shift3_from_shift(shift3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SRL %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, shift3);
+    return img_format("SRL %s, %s, %s", rt3, rs3, shift3);
 }
 
 
@@ -14921,17 +14657,17 @@ std::string NMD::SRL_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SRL_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SRL_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 shift_value = extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string shift = IMMEDIATE(copy(shift_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *shift = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(shift_value));
 
-    return img::format("SRL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
+    return img_format("SRL %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, shift);
 }
 
 
@@ -14945,17 +14681,17 @@ std::string NMD::SRL_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SRLV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SRLV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SRLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SRLV %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14969,17 +14705,17 @@ std::string NMD::SRLV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -14993,17 +14729,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUB_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUB_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUB.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SUB.D %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -15017,17 +14753,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUB_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUB_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUB_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 fd_value = extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string fd = FPR(copy(fd_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
+    const char *fd = FPR(copy_ui(fd_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUB.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
+    return img_format("SUB.S %s, %s, %s", fd, fs, ft);
 }
 
 
@@ -15041,17 +14777,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUB_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQ.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQ.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15066,17 +14802,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQ_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQ_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQ_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15091,17 +14827,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQ_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQ_S.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15116,17 +14852,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQ_S_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQH_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQH_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQH.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQH.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15141,17 +14877,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQH_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQH_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQH_R.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15166,17 +14902,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQH_R_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQH_R_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQH_R.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQH_R.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15191,17 +14927,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQH_R_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBQH_W(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBQH_W(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBQH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBQH.W %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15215,17 +14951,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBQH_W(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBU_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBU_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 rd3_value = extract_rd3_3_2_1(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rd3_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rd3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rd3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBU %s, %s, %s", rd3, rs3, rt3);
+    return img_format("SUBU %s, %s, %s", rd3, rs3, rt3);
 }
 
 
@@ -15239,17 +14975,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBU_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBU_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBU_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBU %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15263,17 +14999,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBU_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBU_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBU_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBU.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBU.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15287,17 +15023,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBU_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBU_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBU_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBU.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBU.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15312,17 +15048,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBU_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBU_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBU_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBU_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBU_S.PH %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15337,17 +15073,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBU_S_PH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBU_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBU_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBU_S.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBU_S.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15362,17 +15098,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBU_S_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBUH_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBUH_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBUH.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBUH.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15387,17 +15123,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBUH_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SUBUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SUBUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SUBUH_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SUBUH_R.QB %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15411,17 +15147,17 @@ std::string NMD::SUBUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rtz3_value = extract_rtz3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rtz3, u, rs3);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rtz3, u, rs3);
 }
 
 
@@ -15435,17 +15171,17 @@ std::string NMD::SW_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rtz4_value = extract_rtz4_9_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 rs4_value = extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_3_8__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rtz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rtz4_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
+    const char *rtz4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(rtz4_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs4 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr4(rs4_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rtz4, u, rs4);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rtz4, u, rs4);
 }
 
 
@@ -15459,15 +15195,15 @@ std::string NMD::SW_4X4_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_GP16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_GP16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_6_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
     uint64 rtz3_value = extract_rtz3_9_8_7(instruction);
 
-    std::string rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rtz3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(rtz3_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s($%d)", rtz3, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s($%d)", rtz3, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -15481,15 +15217,15 @@ std::string NMD::SW_GP16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_20_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -15503,17 +15239,17 @@ std::string NMD::SW_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15527,15 +15263,15 @@ std::string NMD::SW_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_SP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_SP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_4_3_2_1_0__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 29);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s($%d)", rt, u, 29);
 }
 
 
@@ -15549,17 +15285,17 @@ std::string NMD::SW_SP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SW_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SW_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
+    return img_format("SW %s, %s(%s)", rt, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15573,15 +15309,15 @@ std::string NMD::SW_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_17_to_2__s2(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
+    return img_format("SWC1 %s, %s($%d)", ft, u, 28);
 }
 
 
@@ -15595,17 +15331,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15619,17 +15355,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
+    return img_format("SWC1 %s, %s(%s)", ft, u, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15643,17 +15379,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWC1X(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWC1X(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SWC1X %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15667,17 +15403,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWC1X(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWC1XS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWC1XS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SWC1XS %s, %s(%s)", ft, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15691,17 +15427,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWC1XS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWC2(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWC2(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 cs_value = extract_cs_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string cs = CPR(copy(cs_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *cs = CPR(copy_ui(cs_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWC2 %s, %s(%s)", cs, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SWC2 %s, %s(%s)", cs, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15715,17 +15451,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWC2(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("SWE %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15739,19 +15475,19 @@ std::string NMD::SWE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("SWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -15765,15 +15501,15 @@ std::string NMD::SWM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = ADDRESS(encode_s_from_address(s_value), 6);
 
-    return img::format("SWPC %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("SWPC %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
 
@@ -15787,17 +15523,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWPC_48_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWX(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWX(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SWX %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15811,17 +15547,17 @@ std::string NMD::SWX(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SWXS(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SWXS(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("SWXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("SWXS %s, %s(%s)", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15835,13 +15571,13 @@ std::string NMD::SWXS(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SYNC(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SYNC(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 stype_value = extract_stype_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string stype = IMMEDIATE(copy(stype_value));
+    const char *stype = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(stype_value));
 
-    return img::format("SYNC %s", stype);
+    return img_format("SYNC %s", stype);
 }
 
 
@@ -15855,15 +15591,15 @@ std::string NMD::SYNC(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SYNCI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SYNCI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SYNCI %s(%s)", s, rs);
+    return img_format("SYNCI %s(%s)", s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15877,15 +15613,15 @@ std::string NMD::SYNCI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SYNCIE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SYNCIE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("SYNCIE %s(%s)", s, rs);
+    return img_format("SYNCIE %s(%s)", s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -15899,13 +15635,13 @@ std::string NMD::SYNCIE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::SYSCALL_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SYSCALL_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("SYSCALL %s", code);
+    return img_format("SYSCALL %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -15917,13 +15653,13 @@ std::string NMD::SYSCALL_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *  00000000000010
  *           code ------------------
  */
-std::string NMD::SYSCALL_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *SYSCALL_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_17_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("SYSCALL %s", code);
+    return img_format("SYSCALL %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -15937,15 +15673,15 @@ std::string NMD::SYSCALL_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TEQ(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TEQ(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("TEQ %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("TEQ %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -15959,11 +15695,11 @@ std::string NMD::TEQ(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBGINV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBGINV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBGINV ";
+    return strdup("TLBGINV ");
 }
 
 
@@ -15977,11 +15713,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBGINV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBGINVF(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBGINVF(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBGINVF ";
+    return strdup("TLBGINVF ");
 }
 
 
@@ -15995,11 +15731,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBGINVF(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBGP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBGP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBGP ";
+    return strdup("TLBGP ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16013,11 +15749,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBGP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBGR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBGR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBGR ";
+    return strdup("TLBGR ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16031,11 +15767,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBGR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBGWI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBGWI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBGWI ";
+    return strdup("TLBGWI ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16049,11 +15785,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBGWI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBGWR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBGWR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBGWR ";
+    return strdup("TLBGWR ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16067,11 +15803,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBGWR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBINV(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBINV(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBINV ";
+    return strdup("TLBINV ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16085,11 +15821,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBINV(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBINVF(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBINVF(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBINVF ";
+    return strdup("TLBINVF ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16103,11 +15839,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBINVF(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBP ";
+    return strdup("TLBP ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16121,11 +15857,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBR ";
+    return strdup("TLBR ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16139,11 +15875,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBWI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBWI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBWI ";
+    return strdup("TLBWI ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16157,11 +15893,11 @@ std::string NMD::TLBWI(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TLBWR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TLBWR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     (void)instruction;
 
-    return "TLBWR ";
+    return strdup("TLBWR ");
 }
 
 
@@ -16175,15 +15911,15 @@ std::string NMD::TLBWR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TNE(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TNE(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("TNE %s, %s", rs, rt);
+    return img_format("TNE %s, %s", rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -16197,15 +15933,15 @@ std::string NMD::TNE(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TRUNC_L_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TRUNC_L_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("TRUNC.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("TRUNC.L.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16219,15 +15955,15 @@ std::string NMD::TRUNC_L_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TRUNC_L_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TRUNC_L_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("TRUNC.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("TRUNC.L.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16241,15 +15977,15 @@ std::string NMD::TRUNC_L_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TRUNC_W_D(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TRUNC_W_D(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("TRUNC.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("TRUNC.W.D %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16263,15 +15999,15 @@ std::string NMD::TRUNC_W_D(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::TRUNC_W_S(uint64 instruction)
+static char *TRUNC_W_S(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 ft_value = extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 fs_value = extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string ft = FPR(copy(ft_value));
-    std::string fs = FPR(copy(fs_value));
+    const char *ft = FPR(copy_ui(ft_value));
+    const char *fs = FPR(copy_ui(fs_value));
 
-    return img::format("TRUNC.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
+    return img_format("TRUNC.W.S %s, %s", ft, fs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16285,19 +16021,19 @@ std::string NMD::TRUNC_W_S(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UALDM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UALDM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("UALDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("UALDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -16311,17 +16047,17 @@ std::string NMD::UALDM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UALH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UALH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("UALH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("UALH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16335,19 +16071,19 @@ std::string NMD::UALH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UALWM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UALWM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("UALWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("UALWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -16361,19 +16097,19 @@ std::string NMD::UALWM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UASDM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UASDM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("UASDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("UASDM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -16387,17 +16123,17 @@ std::string NMD::UASDM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UASH(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UASH(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("UASH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
+    return img_format("UASH %s, %s(%s)", rt, s, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16411,19 +16147,19 @@ std::string NMD::UASH(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UASWM(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UASWM(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
     uint64 count3_value = extract_count3_14_13_12(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string count3 = IMMEDIATE(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *count3 = IMMEDIATE_UI(encode_count3_from_count(count3_value));
 
-    return img::format("UASWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
+    return img_format("UASWM %s, %s(%s), %s", rt, s, rs, count3);
 }
 
 
@@ -16437,13 +16173,13 @@ std::string NMD::UASWM(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::UDI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *UDI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 op_value = extract_op_25_to_3(instruction);
 
-    std::string op = IMMEDIATE(copy(op_value));
+    const char *op = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(op_value));
 
-    return img::format("UDI %s", op);
+    return img_format("UDI %s", op);
 }
 
 
@@ -16455,13 +16191,13 @@ std::string NMD::UDI(uint64 instruction)
  *  001000          1100001101111111
  *   code ----------
  */
-std::string NMD::WAIT(uint64 instruction)
+static char *WAIT(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 code_value = extract_code_25_24_23_22_21_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string code = IMMEDIATE(copy(code_value));
+    const char *code = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(code_value));
 
-    return img::format("WAIT %s", code);
+    return img_format("WAIT %s", code);
 }
 
 
@@ -16475,15 +16211,15 @@ std::string NMD::WAIT(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *        mask -------
  */
-std::string NMD::WRDSP(uint64 instruction)
+static char *WRDSP(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 mask_value = extract_mask_20_19_18_17_16_15_14(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string mask = IMMEDIATE(copy(mask_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *mask = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(mask_value));
 
-    return img::format("WRDSP %s, %s", rt, mask);
+    return img_format("WRDSP %s, %s", rt, mask);
 }
 
 
@@ -16497,15 +16233,15 @@ std::string NMD::WRDSP(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::WRPGPR(uint64 instruction)
+static char *WRPGPR(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("WRPGPR %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("WRPGPR %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
 
@@ -16519,15 +16255,15 @@ std::string NMD::WRPGPR(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::XOR_16_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *XOR_16_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt3_value = extract_rt3_9_8_7(instruction);
     uint64 rs3_value = extract_rs3_6_5_4(instruction);
 
-    std::string rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
-    std::string rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
+    const char *rs3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rs3_value));
+    const char *rt3 = GPR(decode_gpr_gpr3(rt3_value));
 
-    return img::format("XOR %s, %s", rs3, rt3);
+    return img_format("XOR %s, %s", rs3, rt3);
 }
 
 
@@ -16541,17 +16277,17 @@ std::string NMD::XOR_16_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::XOR_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *XOR_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 rd_value = extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(instruction);
 
-    std::string rd = GPR(copy(rd_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
+    const char *rd = GPR(copy_ui(rd_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
 
-    return img::format("XOR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
+    return img_format("XOR %s, %s, %s", rd, rs, rt);
 }
 
 
@@ -16565,17 +16301,17 @@ std::string NMD::XOR_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *          rs -----
  *               rd -----
  */
-std::string NMD::XORI(uint64 instruction)
+static char *XORI(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("XORI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("XORI %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -16588,19 +16324,17 @@ std::string NMD::XORI(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::YIELD(uint64 instruction)
+static char *YIELD(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
 
-    return img::format("YIELD %s, %s", rt, rs);
+    return img_format("YIELD %s, %s", rt, rs);
 }
 
-
-
 /*
  *                nanoMIPS instruction pool organization
  *                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -16703,83 +16437,83 @@ std::string NMD::YIELD(uint64 instruction)
  *
  */
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SYSCALL[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_SYSCALL[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfffc0000, 0x00080000, &NMD::SYSCALL_32_      , 0,
+       0xfffc0000, 0x00080000, &SYSCALL_32_      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SYSCALL[32] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfffc0000, 0x000c0000, &NMD::HYPCALL          , 0,
+       0xfffc0000, 0x000c0000, &HYPCALL          , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_          },        /* HYPCALL */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_RI[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_RI[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfff80000, 0x00000000, &NMD::SIGRIE           , 0,
+       0xfff80000, 0x00000000, &SIGRIE           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SIGRIE */
     { pool                , P_SYSCALL           , 2   , 32,
        0xfff80000, 0x00080000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SYSCALL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfff80000, 0x00100000, &NMD::BREAK_32_        , 0,
+       0xfff80000, 0x00100000, &BREAK_32_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BREAK[32] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfff80000, 0x00180000, &NMD::SDBBP_32_        , 0,
+       0xfff80000, 0x00180000, &SDBBP_32_        , 0,
        EJTAG_              },        /* SDBBP[32] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_ADDIU[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_ADDIU[2] = {
     { pool                , P_RI                , 4   , 32,
        0xffe00000, 0x00000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.RI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000000, 0x00000000, &NMD::ADDIU_32_        , &NMD::ADDIU_32__cond   ,
+       0xfc000000, 0x00000000, &ADDIU_32_        , &ADDIU_32__cond   ,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[32] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_TRAP[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_TRAP[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000000, &NMD::TEQ              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000000, &TEQ              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* TEQ */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000400, &NMD::TNE              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000400, &TNE              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* TNE */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_CMOVE[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_CMOVE[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000210, &NMD::MOVZ             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000210, &MOVZ             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MOVZ */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000610, &NMD::MOVN             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000610, &MOVN             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MOVN */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_D_MT_VPE[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_D_MT_VPE[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20010ab0, &NMD::DMT              , 0,
+       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20010ab0, &DMT              , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* DMT */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20000ab0, &NMD::DVPE             , 0,
+       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20000ab0, &DVPE             , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* DVPE */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_E_MT_VPE[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_E_MT_VPE[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20010eb0, &NMD::EMT              , 0,
+       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20010eb0, &EMT              , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* EMT */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20000eb0, &NMD::EVPE             , 0,
+       0xfc1f3fff, 0x20000eb0, &EVPE             , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* EVPE */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::_P_MT_VPE[2] = {
+static struct Pool _P_MT_VPE[2] = {
     { pool                , P_D_MT_VPE          , 2   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0x20000ab0, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.D_MT_VPE */
@@ -16789,7 +16523,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_P_MT_VPE[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_MT_VPE[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_MT_VPE[8] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003bff, 0x200002b0, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.MT_VPE~*(0) */
@@ -16817,38 +16551,38 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_MT_VPE[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_DVP[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_DVP[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20000390, &NMD::DVP              , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20000390, &DVP              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* DVP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20000790, &NMD::EVP              , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20000790, &EVP              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* EVP */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SLTU[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_SLTU[2] = {
     { pool                , P_DVP               , 2   , 32,
        0xfc00fbff, 0x20000390, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.DVP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000390, &NMD::SLTU             , &NMD::SLTU_cond        ,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000390, &SLTU             , &SLTU_cond        ,
        0x0                 },        /* SLTU */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
+static struct Pool _POOL32A0[128] = {
     { pool                , P_TRAP              , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.TRAP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000008, &NMD::SEB              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000008, &SEB              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SEB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000010, &NMD::SLLV             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000010, &SLLV             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SLLV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000018, &NMD::MUL_32_          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000018, &MUL_32_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MUL[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000020, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16857,22 +16591,22 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000028, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(5) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000030, &NMD::MFC0             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000030, &MFC0             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MFC0 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000038, &NMD::MFHC0            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000038, &MFHC0            , 0,
        CP0_ | MVH_         },        /* MFHC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000040, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(8) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000048, &NMD::SEH              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000048, &SEH              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SEH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000050, &NMD::SRLV             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000050, &SRLV             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SRLV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000058, &NMD::MUH              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000058, &MUH              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MUH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000060, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16881,10 +16615,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000068, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(13) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000070, &NMD::MTC0             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000070, &MTC0             , 0,
        CP0_                },        /* MTC0 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000078, &NMD::MTHC0            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000078, &MTHC0            , 0,
        CP0_ | MVH_         },        /* MTHC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000080, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16893,10 +16627,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000088, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(17) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000090, &NMD::SRAV             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000090, &SRAV             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SRAV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000098, &NMD::MULU             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000098, &MULU             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MULU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000a0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16905,10 +16639,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000a8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(21) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000b0, &NMD::MFGC0            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000b0, &MFGC0            , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_          },        /* MFGC0 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000b8, &NMD::MFHGC0           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000b8, &MFHGC0           , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | MVH_   },        /* MFHGC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000c0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16917,10 +16651,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000c8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(25) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000d0, &NMD::ROTRV            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000d0, &ROTRV            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ROTRV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000d8, &NMD::MUHU             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000d8, &MUHU             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MUHU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000e0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16929,10 +16663,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000e8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(29) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000f0, &NMD::MTGC0            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000f0, &MTGC0            , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_          },        /* MTGC0 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000f8, &NMD::MTHGC0           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000f8, &MTHGC0           , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | MVH_   },        /* MTHGC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000100, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16941,10 +16675,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000108, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(33) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000110, &NMD::ADD              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000110, &ADD              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* ADD */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000118, &NMD::DIV              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000118, &DIV              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* DIV */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000120, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16953,7 +16687,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000128, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(37) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000130, &NMD::DMFC0            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000130, &DMFC0            , 0,
        CP0_ | MIPS64_      },        /* DMFC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000138, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16965,10 +16699,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000148, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(41) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000150, &NMD::ADDU_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000150, &ADDU_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDU[32] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000158, &NMD::MOD              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000158, &MOD              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MOD */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000160, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16977,7 +16711,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000168, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(45) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000170, &NMD::DMTC0            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000170, &DMTC0            , 0,
        CP0_ | MIPS64_      },        /* DMTC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000178, 0                      , 0,
@@ -16989,10 +16723,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000188, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(49) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000190, &NMD::SUB              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000190, &SUB              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SUB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000198, &NMD::DIVU             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000198, &DIVU             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* DIVU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001a0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17001,22 +16735,22 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001a8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(53) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001b0, &NMD::DMFGC0           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001b0, &DMFGC0           , 0,
        CP0_ | MIPS64_ | VZ_},        /* DMFGC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001b8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(55) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001c0, &NMD::RDHWR            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001c0, &RDHWR            , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* RDHWR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001c8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(57) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001d0, &NMD::SUBU_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001d0, &SUBU_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBU[32] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001d8, &NMD::MODU             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001d8, &MODU             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MODU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001e0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17025,7 +16759,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001e8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(61) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001f0, &NMD::DMTGC0           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001f0, &DMTGC0           , 0,
        CP0_ | MIPS64_ | VZ_},        /* DMTGC0 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001f8, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17046,13 +16780,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000220, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(68) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000228, &NMD::FORK             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000228, &FORK             , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* FORK */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000230, &NMD::MFTR             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000230, &MFTR             , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* MFTR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000238, &NMD::MFHTR            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000238, &MFHTR            , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* MFHTR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000240, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17061,7 +16795,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000248, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(73) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000250, &NMD::AND_32_          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000250, &AND_32_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* AND[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000258, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17070,13 +16804,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000260, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(76) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000268, &NMD::YIELD            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000268, &YIELD            , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* YIELD */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000270, &NMD::MTTR             , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000270, &MTTR             , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* MTTR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000278, &NMD::MTHTR            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000278, &MTHTR            , 0,
        MT_                 },        /* MTHTR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000280, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17085,7 +16819,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000288, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(81) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000290, &NMD::OR_32_           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000290, &OR_32_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* OR[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000298, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17109,7 +16843,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002c8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(89) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002d0, &NMD::NOR              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002d0, &NOR              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* NOR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002d8, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17133,7 +16867,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000308, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(97) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000310, &NMD::XOR_32_          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000310, &XOR_32_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* XOR[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000318, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17157,7 +16891,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000348, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(105) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000350, &NMD::SLT              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000350, &SLT              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SLT */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000358, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17205,7 +16939,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003c8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0~*(121) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003d0, &NMD::SOV              , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003d0, &SOV              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SOV */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003d8, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17225,185 +16959,185 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A0[128] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADDQ__S__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADDQ__S__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000000d, &NMD::ADDQ_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000000d, &ADDQ_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQ.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000040d, &NMD::ADDQ_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000040d, &ADDQ_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQ_S.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MUL__S__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool MUL__S__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000002d, &NMD::MUL_PH           , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000002d, &MUL_PH           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MUL.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000042d, &NMD::MUL_S_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000042d, &MUL_S_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MUL_S.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADDQH__R__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADDQH__R__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000004d, &NMD::ADDQH_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000004d, &ADDQH_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQH.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000044d, &NMD::ADDQH_R_PH       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000044d, &ADDQH_R_PH       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQH_R.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADDQH__R__W[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADDQH__R__W[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000008d, &NMD::ADDQH_W          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000008d, &ADDQH_W          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQH.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000048d, &NMD::ADDQH_R_W        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000048d, &ADDQH_R_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQH_R.W */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADDU__S__QB[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADDU__S__QB[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200000cd, &NMD::ADDU_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200000cd, &ADDU_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDU.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200004cd, &NMD::ADDU_S_QB        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200004cd, &ADDU_S_QB        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDU_S.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADDU__S__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADDU__S__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000010d, &NMD::ADDU_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000010d, &ADDU_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDU.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000050d, &NMD::ADDU_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000050d, &ADDU_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDU_S.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADDUH__R__QB[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADDUH__R__QB[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000014d, &NMD::ADDUH_QB         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000014d, &ADDUH_QB         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDUH.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000054d, &NMD::ADDUH_R_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000054d, &ADDUH_R_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDUH_R.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SHRAV__R__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool SHRAV__R__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000018d, &NMD::SHRAV_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000018d, &SHRAV_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRAV.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000058d, &NMD::SHRAV_R_PH       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000058d, &SHRAV_R_PH       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRAV_R.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SHRAV__R__QB[2] = {
+static struct Pool SHRAV__R__QB[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200001cd, &NMD::SHRAV_QB         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200001cd, &SHRAV_QB         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRAV.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200005cd, &NMD::SHRAV_R_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200005cd, &SHRAV_R_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRAV_R.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUBQ__S__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUBQ__S__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000020d, &NMD::SUBQ_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000020d, &SUBQ_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQ.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000060d, &NMD::SUBQ_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000060d, &SUBQ_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQ_S.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUBQH__R__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUBQH__R__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000024d, &NMD::SUBQH_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000024d, &SUBQH_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQH.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000064d, &NMD::SUBQH_R_PH       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000064d, &SUBQH_R_PH       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQH_R.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUBQH__R__W[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUBQH__R__W[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000028d, &NMD::SUBQH_W          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000028d, &SUBQH_W          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQH.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000068d, &NMD::SUBQH_R_W        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000068d, &SUBQH_R_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQH_R.W */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUBU__S__QB[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUBU__S__QB[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200002cd, &NMD::SUBU_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200002cd, &SUBU_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBU.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200006cd, &NMD::SUBU_S_QB        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200006cd, &SUBU_S_QB        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBU_S.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUBU__S__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUBU__S__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000030d, &NMD::SUBU_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000030d, &SUBU_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBU.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000070d, &NMD::SUBU_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000070d, &SUBU_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBU_S.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SHRA__R__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool SHRA__R__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000335, &NMD::SHRA_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000335, &SHRA_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRA.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000735, &NMD::SHRA_R_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000735, &SHRA_R_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRA_R.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUBUH__R__QB[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUBUH__R__QB[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000034d, &NMD::SUBUH_QB         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000034d, &SUBUH_QB         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBUH.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000074d, &NMD::SUBUH_R_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000074d, &SUBUH_R_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBUH_R.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SHLLV__S__PH[2] = {
+static struct Pool SHLLV__S__PH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000038d, &NMD::SHLLV_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000038d, &SHLLV_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLLV.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000078d, &NMD::SHLLV_S_PH       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x2000078d, &SHLLV_S_PH       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLLV_S.PH */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SHLL__S__PH[4] = {
+static struct Pool SHLL__S__PH[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000fff, 0x200003b5, &NMD::SHLL_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc000fff, 0x200003b5, &SHLL_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLL.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc000fff, 0x200007b5, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SHLL[_S].PH~*(1) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000fff, 0x20000bb5, &NMD::SHLL_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc000fff, 0x20000bb5, &SHLL_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLL_S.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc000fff, 0x20000fb5, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17411,19 +17145,19 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::SHLL__S__PH[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::PRECR_SRA__R__PH_W[2] = {
+static struct Pool PRECR_SRA__R__PH_W[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200003cd, &NMD::PRECR_SRA_PH_W   , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200003cd, &PRECR_SRA_PH_W   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECR_SRA.PH.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200007cd, &NMD::PRECR_SRA_R_PH_W , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200007cd, &PRECR_SRA_R_PH_W , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECR_SRA_R.PH.W */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
+static struct Pool _POOL32A5[128] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000005, &NMD::CMP_EQ_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000005, &CMP_EQ_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMP.EQ.PH */
     { pool                , ADDQ__S__PH         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000000d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17432,10 +17166,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000015, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(2) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000001d, &NMD::SHILO            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000001d, &SHILO            , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHILO */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000025, &NMD::MULEQ_S_W_PHL    , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000025, &MULEQ_S_W_PHL    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULEQ_S.W.PHL */
     { pool                , MUL__S__PH          , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000002d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17444,10 +17178,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000035, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(6) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000003d, &NMD::REPL_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000003d, &REPL_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* REPL.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000045, &NMD::CMP_LT_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000045, &CMP_LT_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMP.LT.PH */
     { pool                , ADDQH__R__PH        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000004d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17459,10 +17193,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000005d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(11) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000065, &NMD::MULEQ_S_W_PHR    , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000065, &MULEQ_S_W_PHR    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULEQ_S.W.PHR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000006d, &NMD::PRECR_QB_PH      , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000006d, &PRECR_QB_PH      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECR.QB.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000075, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17471,13 +17205,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000007d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(15) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000085, &NMD::CMP_LE_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000085, &CMP_LE_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMP.LE.PH */
     { pool                , ADDQH__R__W         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000008d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDQH[_R].W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000095, &NMD::MULEU_S_PH_QBL   , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000095, &MULEU_S_PH_QBL   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULEU_S.PH.QBL */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000009d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17486,7 +17220,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000a5, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(20) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000ad, &NMD::PRECRQ_QB_PH     , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000ad, &PRECRQ_QB_PH     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECRQ.QB.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000b5, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17495,13 +17229,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000bd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(23) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000c5, &NMD::CMPGU_EQ_QB      , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000c5, &CMPGU_EQ_QB      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPGU.EQ.QB */
     { pool                , ADDU__S__QB         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000cd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDU[_S].QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000d5, &NMD::MULEU_S_PH_QBR   , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000d5, &MULEU_S_PH_QBR   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULEU_S.PH.QBR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000dd, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17510,7 +17244,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000e5, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(28) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000ed, &NMD::PRECRQ_PH_W      , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200000ed, &PRECRQ_PH_W      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECRQ.PH.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000f5, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17519,13 +17253,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200000fd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(31) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000105, &NMD::CMPGU_LT_QB      , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000105, &CMPGU_LT_QB      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPGU.LT.QB */
     { pool                , ADDU__S__PH         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000010d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDU[_S].PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000115, &NMD::MULQ_RS_PH       , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000115, &MULQ_RS_PH       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULQ_RS.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000011d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17534,7 +17268,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000125, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(36) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000012d, &NMD::PRECRQ_RS_PH_W   , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000012d, &PRECRQ_RS_PH_W   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECRQ_RS.PH.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000135, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17543,13 +17277,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000013d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(39) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000145, &NMD::CMPGU_LE_QB      , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000145, &CMPGU_LE_QB      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPGU.LE.QB */
     { pool                , ADDUH__R__QB        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000014d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDUH[_R].QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000155, &NMD::MULQ_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000155, &MULQ_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULQ_S.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000015d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17558,7 +17292,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000165, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(44) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000016d, &NMD::PRECRQU_S_QB_PH  , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000016d, &PRECRQU_S_QB_PH  , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECRQU_S.QB.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000175, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17567,13 +17301,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000017d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(47) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000185, &NMD::CMPGDU_EQ_QB     , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000185, &CMPGDU_EQ_QB     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPGDU.EQ.QB */
     { pool                , SHRAV__R__PH        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000018d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SHRAV[_R].PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000195, &NMD::MULQ_RS_W        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000195, &MULQ_RS_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULQ_RS.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000019d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17582,7 +17316,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001a5, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(52) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001ad, &NMD::PACKRL_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001ad, &PACKRL_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PACKRL.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001b5, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17591,13 +17325,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001bd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(55) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001c5, &NMD::CMPGDU_LT_QB     , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001c5, &CMPGDU_LT_QB     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPGDU.LT.QB */
     { pool                , SHRAV__R__QB        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001cd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SHRAV[_R].QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001d5, &NMD::MULQ_S_W         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001d5, &MULQ_S_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULQ_S.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001dd, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17606,7 +17340,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001e5, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(60) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001ed, &NMD::PICK_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200001ed, &PICK_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PICK.QB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001f5, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17615,13 +17349,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200001fd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(63) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000205, &NMD::CMPGDU_LE_QB     , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000205, &CMPGDU_LE_QB     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPGDU.LE.QB */
     { pool                , SUBQ__S__PH         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000020d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBQ[_S].PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000215, &NMD::APPEND           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000215, &APPEND           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* APPEND */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000021d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17630,7 +17364,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000225, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(68) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000022d, &NMD::PICK_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x2000022d, &PICK_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PICK.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x20000235, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17639,13 +17373,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000023d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(71) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000245, &NMD::CMPU_EQ_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000245, &CMPU_EQ_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPU.EQ.QB */
     { pool                , SUBQH__R__PH        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000024d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBQH[_R].PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000255, &NMD::PREPEND          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000255, &PREPEND          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PREPEND */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000025d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17663,13 +17397,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000027d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(79) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000285, &NMD::CMPU_LT_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000285, &CMPU_LT_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPU.LT.QB */
     { pool                , SUBQH__R__W         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000028d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBQH[_R].W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000295, &NMD::MODSUB           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000295, &MODSUB           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MODSUB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000029d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17687,13 +17421,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002bd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(87) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002c5, &NMD::CMPU_LE_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002c5, &CMPU_LE_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* CMPU.LE.QB */
     { pool                , SUBU__S__QB         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002cd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBU[_S].QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002d5, &NMD::SHRAV_R_W        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002d5, &SHRAV_R_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRAV_R.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002dd, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17705,19 +17439,19 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002ed, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(93) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002f5, &NMD::SHRA_R_W         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200002f5, &SHRA_R_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRA_R.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200002fd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(95) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000305, &NMD::ADDQ_S_W         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000305, &ADDQ_S_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDQ_S.W */
     { pool                , SUBU__S__PH         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000030d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBU[_S].PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000315, &NMD::SHRLV_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000315, &SHRLV_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRLV.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000031d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17735,13 +17469,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000033d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(103) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000345, &NMD::SUBQ_S_W         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000345, &SUBQ_S_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SUBQ_S.W */
     { pool                , SUBUH__R__QB        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000034d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBUH[_R].QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000355, &NMD::SHRLV_QB         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000355, &SHRLV_QB         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRLV.QB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000035d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17759,13 +17493,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000037d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(111) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000385, &NMD::ADDSC            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000385, &ADDSC            , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDSC */
     { pool                , SHLLV__S__PH        , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000038d, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SHLLV[_S].PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000395, &NMD::SHLLV_QB         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x20000395, &SHLLV_QB         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLLV.QB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x2000039d, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17783,13 +17517,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003bd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(119) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003c5, &NMD::ADDWC            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003c5, &ADDWC            , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ADDWC */
     { pool                , PRECR_SRA__R__PH_W  , 2   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003cd, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PRECR_SRA[_R].PH.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003d5, &NMD::SHLLV_S_W        , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003d5, &SHLLV_S_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLLV_S.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003dd, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17801,7 +17535,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003ed, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A5~*(125) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003f5, &NMD::SHLL_S_W         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0x200003f5, &SHLL_S_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLL_S.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0x200003fd, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17809,59 +17543,59 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A5[128] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::PP_LSX[16] = {
+static struct Pool PP_LSX[16] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000007, &NMD::LBX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000007, &LBX              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LBX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000087, &NMD::SBX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000087, &SBX              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SBX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000107, &NMD::LBUX             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000107, &LBUX             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LBUX */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0x20000187, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PP.LSX~*(3) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000207, &NMD::LHX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000207, &LHX              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000287, &NMD::SHX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000287, &SHX              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SHX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000307, &NMD::LHUX             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000307, &LHUX             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHUX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000387, &NMD::LWUX             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000387, &LWUX             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LWUX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000407, &NMD::LWX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000407, &LWX              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LWX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000487, &NMD::SWX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000487, &SWX              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SWX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000507, &NMD::LWC1X            , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000507, &LWC1X            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LWC1X */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000587, &NMD::SWC1X            , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000587, &SWC1X            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SWC1X */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000607, &NMD::LDX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000607, &LDX              , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LDX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000687, &NMD::SDX              , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000687, &SDX              , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SDX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000707, &NMD::LDC1X            , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000707, &LDC1X            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LDC1X */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000787, &NMD::SDC1X            , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000787, &SDC1X            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SDC1X */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::PP_LSXS[16] = {
+static struct Pool PP_LSXS[16] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0x20000047, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PP.LSXS~*(0) */
@@ -17875,45 +17609,45 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::PP_LSXS[16] = {
        0xfc0007ff, 0x200001c7, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PP.LSXS~*(3) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000247, &NMD::LHXS             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000247, &LHXS             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200002c7, &NMD::SHXS             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200002c7, &SHXS             , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SHXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000347, &NMD::LHUXS            , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000347, &LHUXS            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHUXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200003c7, &NMD::LWUXS            , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200003c7, &LWUXS            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LWUXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000447, &NMD::LWXS_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000447, &LWXS_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LWXS[32] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200004c7, &NMD::SWXS             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200004c7, &SWXS             , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SWXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000547, &NMD::LWC1XS           , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000547, &LWC1XS           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LWC1XS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200005c7, &NMD::SWC1XS           , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200005c7, &SWC1XS           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SWC1XS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000647, &NMD::LDXS             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000647, &LDXS             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LDXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200006c7, &NMD::SDXS             , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200006c7, &SDXS             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SDXS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000747, &NMD::LDC1XS           , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x20000747, &LDC1XS           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LDC1XS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0x200007c7, &NMD::SDC1XS           , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0x200007c7, &SDC1XS           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SDC1XS */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LSX[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_LSX[2] = {
     { pool                , PP_LSX              , 16  , 32,
        0xfc00007f, 0x20000007, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PP.LSX */
@@ -17923,28 +17657,28 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LSX[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_0[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1_0[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000007f, &NMD::MFHI_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000007f, &MFHI_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MFHI[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000107f, &NMD::MFLO_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000107f, &MFLO_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MFLO[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000207f, &NMD::MTHI_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000207f, &MTHI_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MTHI[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000307f, &NMD::MTLO_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000307f, &MTLO_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MTLO[DSP] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_1[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1_1[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000027f, &NMD::MTHLIP           , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000027f, &MTHLIP           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MTHLIP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000127f, &NMD::SHILOV           , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000127f, &SHILOV           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHILOV */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0x2000227f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -17955,53 +17689,53 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_1[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_3[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1_3[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000067f, &NMD::RDDSP            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000067f, &RDDSP            , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* RDDSP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000167f, &NMD::WRDSP            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000167f, &WRDSP            , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* WRDSP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000267f, &NMD::EXTP             , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000267f, &EXTP             , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x2000367f, &NMD::EXTPDP           , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x2000367f, &EXTPDP           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTPDP */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_4[2] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1_4[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc001fff, 0x2000087f, &NMD::SHLL_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc001fff, 0x2000087f, &SHLL_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHLL.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc001fff, 0x2000187f, &NMD::SHRL_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc001fff, 0x2000187f, &SHRL_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRL.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MAQ_S_A__W_PHR[2] = {
+static struct Pool MAQ_S_A__W_PHR[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20000a7f, &NMD::MAQ_S_W_PHR      , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20000a7f, &MAQ_S_W_PHR      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MAQ_S.W.PHR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20002a7f, &NMD::MAQ_SA_W_PHR     , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20002a7f, &MAQ_SA_W_PHR     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MAQ_SA.W.PHR */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MAQ_S_A__W_PHL[2] = {
+static struct Pool MAQ_S_A__W_PHL[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20001a7f, &NMD::MAQ_S_W_PHL      , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20001a7f, &MAQ_S_W_PHL      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MAQ_S.W.PHL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20003a7f, &NMD::MAQ_SA_W_PHL     , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20003a7f, &MAQ_SA_W_PHL     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MAQ_SA.W.PHL */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_5[2] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1_5[2] = {
     { pool                , MAQ_S_A__W_PHR      , 2   , 32,
        0xfc001fff, 0x20000a7f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* MAQ_S[A].W.PHR */
@@ -18011,23 +17745,23 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_5[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1_7[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1_7[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20000e7f, &NMD::EXTR_W           , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20000e7f, &EXTR_W           , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTR.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20001e7f, &NMD::EXTR_R_W         , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20001e7f, &EXTR_R_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTR_R.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20002e7f, &NMD::EXTR_RS_W        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20002e7f, &EXTR_RS_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTR_RS.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20003e7f, &NMD::EXTR_S_H         , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20003e7f, &EXTR_S_H         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTR_S.H */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_1[8] = {
     { pool                , POOL32Axf_1_0       , 4   , 32,
        0xfc000fff, 0x2000007f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_1_0 */
@@ -18055,119 +17789,119 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_1[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_2_DSP__0_7[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__0_7[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200000bf, &NMD::DPA_W_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200000bf, &DPA_W_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPA.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200002bf, &NMD::DPAQ_S_W_PH      , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200002bf, &DPAQ_S_W_PH      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAQ_S.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200004bf, &NMD::DPS_W_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200004bf, &DPS_W_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPS.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200006bf, &NMD::DPSQ_S_W_PH      , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200006bf, &DPSQ_S_W_PH      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSQ_S.W.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0x200008bf, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_2(DSP)_0_7~*(4) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20000abf, &NMD::MADD_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20000abf, &MADD_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MADD[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20000cbf, &NMD::MULT_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20000cbf, &MULT_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULT[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20000ebf, &NMD::EXTRV_W          , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20000ebf, &EXTRV_W          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTRV.W */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_2_DSP__8_15[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__8_15[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200010bf, &NMD::DPAX_W_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200010bf, &DPAX_W_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAX.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200012bf, &NMD::DPAQ_SA_L_W      , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200012bf, &DPAQ_SA_L_W      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAQ_SA.L.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200014bf, &NMD::DPSX_W_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200014bf, &DPSX_W_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSX.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200016bf, &NMD::DPSQ_SA_L_W      , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200016bf, &DPSQ_SA_L_W      , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSQ_SA.L.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0x200018bf, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_2(DSP)_8_15~*(4) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20001abf, &NMD::MADDU_DSP_       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20001abf, &MADDU_DSP_       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MADDU[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20001cbf, &NMD::MULTU_DSP_       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20001cbf, &MULTU_DSP_       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULTU[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20001ebf, &NMD::EXTRV_R_W        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20001ebf, &EXTRV_R_W        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTRV_R.W */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_2_DSP__16_23[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__16_23[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200020bf, &NMD::DPAU_H_QBL       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200020bf, &DPAU_H_QBL       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAU.H.QBL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200022bf, &NMD::DPAQX_S_W_PH     , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200022bf, &DPAQX_S_W_PH     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAQX_S.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200024bf, &NMD::DPSU_H_QBL       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200024bf, &DPSU_H_QBL       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSU.H.QBL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200026bf, &NMD::DPSQX_S_W_PH     , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200026bf, &DPSQX_S_W_PH     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSQX_S.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200028bf, &NMD::EXTPV            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200028bf, &EXTPV            , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTPV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20002abf, &NMD::MSUB_DSP_        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20002abf, &MSUB_DSP_        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MSUB[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20002cbf, &NMD::MULSA_W_PH       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20002cbf, &MULSA_W_PH       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULSA.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20002ebf, &NMD::EXTRV_RS_W       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20002ebf, &EXTRV_RS_W       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTRV_RS.W */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_2_DSP__24_31[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__24_31[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200030bf, &NMD::DPAU_H_QBR       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200030bf, &DPAU_H_QBR       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAU.H.QBR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200032bf, &NMD::DPAQX_SA_W_PH    , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200032bf, &DPAQX_SA_W_PH    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPAQX_SA.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200034bf, &NMD::DPSU_H_QBR       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200034bf, &DPSU_H_QBR       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSU.H.QBR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200036bf, &NMD::DPSQX_SA_W_PH    , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200036bf, &DPSQX_SA_W_PH    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* DPSQX_SA.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x200038bf, &NMD::EXTPDPV          , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x200038bf, &EXTPDPV          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTPDPV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20003abf, &NMD::MSUBU_DSP_       , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20003abf, &MSUBU_DSP_       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MSUBU[DSP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20003cbf, &NMD::MULSAQ_S_W_PH    , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20003cbf, &MULSAQ_S_W_PH    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* MULSAQ_S.W.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0x20003ebf, &NMD::EXTRV_S_H        , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0x20003ebf, &EXTRV_S_H        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* EXTRV_S.H */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_2[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_2[4] = {
     { pool                , POOL32Axf_2_DSP__0_7, 8   , 32,
        0xfc0031ff, 0x200000bf, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_2(DSP)_0_7 */
@@ -18183,12 +17917,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_2[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000013f, &NMD::ABSQ_S_QB        , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000013f, &ABSQ_S_QB        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ABSQ_S.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000033f, &NMD::REPLV_PH         , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000033f, &REPLV_PH         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* REPLV.PH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000053f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18209,10 +17943,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20000f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(7) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000113f, &NMD::ABSQ_S_PH        , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000113f, &ABSQ_S_PH        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ABSQ_S.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000133f, &NMD::REPLV_QB         , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000133f, &REPLV_QB         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* REPLV.QB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000153f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18233,7 +17967,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20001f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(15) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000213f, &NMD::ABSQ_S_W         , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000213f, &ABSQ_S_W         , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* ABSQ_S.W */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000233f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18281,7 +18015,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20003f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(31) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000413f, &NMD::INSV             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000413f, &INSV             , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* INSV */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000433f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18296,16 +18030,16 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000493f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(36) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20004b3f, &NMD::CLO              , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20004b3f, &CLO              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* CLO */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20004d3f, &NMD::MFC2             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20004d3f, &MFC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* MFC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20004f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(39) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000513f, &NMD::PRECEQ_W_PHL     , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000513f, &PRECEQ_W_PHL     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEQ.W.PHL */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000533f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18320,16 +18054,16 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000593f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(44) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20005b3f, &NMD::CLZ              , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20005b3f, &CLZ              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* CLZ */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20005d3f, &NMD::MTC2             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20005d3f, &MTC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* MTC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20005f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(47) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000613f, &NMD::PRECEQ_W_PHR     , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000613f, &PRECEQ_W_PHR     , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEQ.W.PHR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000633f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18347,16 +18081,16 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20006b3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(53) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20006d3f, &NMD::DMFC2            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20006d3f, &DMFC2            , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* DMFC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20006f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(55) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000713f, &NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBL   , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000713f, &PRECEQU_PH_QBL   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEQU.PH.QBL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000733f, &NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBLA  , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000733f, &PRECEQU_PH_QBLA  , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEQU.PH.QBLA */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000753f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18371,7 +18105,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20007b3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(61) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20007d3f, &NMD::DMTC2            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20007d3f, &DMTC2            , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* DMTC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20007f3f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18395,16 +18129,16 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20008b3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(69) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20008d3f, &NMD::MFHC2            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20008d3f, &MFHC2            , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* MFHC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20008f3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(71) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000913f, &NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBR   , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000913f, &PRECEQU_PH_QBR   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEQU.PH.QBR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000933f, &NMD::PRECEQU_PH_QBRA  , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000933f, &PRECEQU_PH_QBRA  , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEQU.PH.QBRA */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000953f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18419,7 +18153,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20009b3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(77) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x20009d3f, &NMD::MTHC2            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x20009d3f, &MTHC2            , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* MTHC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20009f3f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18449,10 +18183,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000af3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(87) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000b13f, &NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBL    , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000b13f, &PRECEU_PH_QBL    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEU.PH.QBL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000b33f, &NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBLA   , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000b33f, &PRECEU_PH_QBLA   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEU.PH.QBLA */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000b53f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18491,16 +18225,16 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000cb3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(101) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000cd3f, &NMD::CFC2             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000cd3f, &CFC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* CFC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000cf3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(103) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d13f, &NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBR    , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d13f, &PRECEU_PH_QBR    , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEU.PH.QBR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d33f, &NMD::PRECEU_PH_QBRA   , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d33f, &PRECEU_PH_QBRA   , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* PRECEU.PH.QBRA */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d53f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18515,7 +18249,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000db3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(109) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000dd3f, &NMD::CTC2             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000dd3f, &CTC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* CTC2 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000df3f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18545,7 +18279,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000ef3f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_4~*(119) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000f13f, &NMD::RADDU_W_QB       , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000f13f, &RADDU_W_QB       , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* RADDU.W.QB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000f33f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18571,18 +18305,18 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_4[128] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group0[32] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_5_group0[32] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000017f, &NMD::TLBGP            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000017f, &TLBGP            , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | TLB_   },        /* TLBGP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000037f, &NMD::TLBP             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000037f, &TLBP             , 0,
        CP0_ | TLB_         },        /* TLBP */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000057f, &NMD::TLBGINV          , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000057f, &TLBGINV          , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | TLB_ | TLBINV_},        /* TLBGINV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000077f, &NMD::TLBINV           , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000077f, &TLBINV           , 0,
        CP0_ | TLB_ | TLBINV_},        /* TLBINV */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000097f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18597,16 +18331,16 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group0[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20000f7f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group0~*(7) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000117f, &NMD::TLBGR            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000117f, &TLBGR            , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | TLB_   },        /* TLBGR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000137f, &NMD::TLBR             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000137f, &TLBR             , 0,
        CP0_ | TLB_         },        /* TLBR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000157f, &NMD::TLBGINVF         , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000157f, &TLBGINVF         , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | TLB_ | TLBINV_},        /* TLBGINVF */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000177f, &NMD::TLBINVF          , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000177f, &TLBINVF          , 0,
        CP0_ | TLB_ | TLBINV_},        /* TLBINVF */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000197f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18621,10 +18355,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group0[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20001f7f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group0~*(15) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000217f, &NMD::TLBGWI           , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000217f, &TLBGWI           , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | TLB_   },        /* TLBGWI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000237f, &NMD::TLBWI            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000237f, &TLBWI            , 0,
        CP0_ | TLB_         },        /* TLBWI */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000257f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18645,10 +18379,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group0[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x20002f7f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group0~*(23) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000317f, &NMD::TLBGWR           , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000317f, &TLBGWR           , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_ | TLB_   },        /* TLBGWR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000337f, &NMD::TLBWR            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000337f, &TLBWR            , 0,
        CP0_ | TLB_         },        /* TLBWR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000357f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18671,7 +18405,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group0[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group1[32] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_5_group1[32] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000417f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group1~*(0) */
@@ -18682,7 +18416,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group1[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000457f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group1~*(2) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000477f, &NMD::DI               , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000477f, &DI               , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* DI */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000497f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18706,7 +18440,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group1[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000557f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group1~*(10) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000577f, &NMD::EI               , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000577f, &EI               , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* EI */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000597f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18771,22 +18505,22 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group1[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ERETx[2] = {
+static struct Pool ERETx[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc01ffff, 0x2000f37f, &NMD::ERET             , 0,
+       0xfc01ffff, 0x2000f37f, &ERET             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ERET */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc01ffff, 0x2001f37f, &NMD::ERETNC           , 0,
+       0xfc01ffff, 0x2001f37f, &ERETNC           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ERETNC */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group3[32] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_5_group3[32] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000c17f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group3~*(0) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000c37f, &NMD::WAIT             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000c37f, &WAIT             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* WAIT */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000c57f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18810,7 +18544,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group3[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d17f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group3~*(8) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d37f, &NMD::IRET             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d37f, &IRET             , 0,
        MCU_                },        /* IRET */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000d57f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18831,10 +18565,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group3[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000df7f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group3~*(15) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000e17f, &NMD::RDPGPR           , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000e17f, &RDPGPR           , 0,
        CP0_                },        /* RDPGPR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000e37f, &NMD::DERET            , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000e37f, &DERET            , 0,
        EJTAG_              },        /* DERET */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000e57f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18855,7 +18589,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group3[32] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000ef7f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group3~*(23) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000f17f, &NMD::WRPGPR           , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0x2000f17f, &WRPGPR           , 0,
        CP0_                },        /* WRPGPR */
     { pool                , ERETx               , 2   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0x2000f37f, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18881,7 +18615,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5_group3[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_5[4] = {
     { pool                , POOL32Axf_5_group0  , 32  , 32,
        0xfc00c1ff, 0x2000017f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf_5_group0 */
@@ -18897,25 +18631,25 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_5[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SHRA__R__QB[2] = {
+static struct Pool SHRA__R__QB[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc001fff, 0x200001ff, &NMD::SHRA_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc001fff, 0x200001ff, &SHRA_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRA.QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc001fff, 0x200011ff, &NMD::SHRA_R_QB        , 0,
+       0xfc001fff, 0x200011ff, &SHRA_R_QB        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRA_R.QB */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_7[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf_7[8] = {
     { pool                , SHRA__R__QB         , 2   , 32,
        0xfc000fff, 0x200001ff, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SHRA[_R].QB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000fff, 0x200003ff, &NMD::SHRL_PH          , 0,
+       0xfc000fff, 0x200003ff, &SHRL_PH          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* SHRL.PH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000fff, 0x200005ff, &NMD::REPL_QB          , 0,
+       0xfc000fff, 0x200005ff, &REPL_QB          , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* REPL.QB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc000fff, 0x200007ff, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18935,7 +18669,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf_7[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Axf[8] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0x2000003f, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Axf~*(0) */
@@ -18963,18 +18697,18 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Axf[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A7[8] = {
+static struct Pool _POOL32A7[8] = {
     { pool                , P_LSX               , 2   , 32,
        0xfc00003f, 0x20000007, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.LSX */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00003f, 0x2000000f, &NMD::LSA              , 0,
+       0xfc00003f, 0x2000000f, &LSA              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LSA */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00003f, 0x20000017, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A7~*(2) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00003f, 0x2000001f, &NMD::EXTW             , 0,
+       0xfc00003f, 0x2000001f, &EXTW             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* EXTW */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00003f, 0x20000027, 0                      , 0,
@@ -18991,18 +18725,18 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::_POOL32A7[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P32A[8] = {
+static struct Pool P32A[8] = {
     { pool                , _POOL32A0           , 128 , 32,
        0xfc000007, 0x20000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* _POOL32A0 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000007, 0x20000001, &NMD::SPECIAL2         , 0,
+       0xfc000007, 0x20000001, &SPECIAL2         , 0,
        UDI_                },        /* SPECIAL2 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000007, 0x20000002, &NMD::COP2_1           , 0,
+       0xfc000007, 0x20000002, &COP2_1           , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* COP2_1 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000007, 0x20000003, &NMD::UDI              , 0,
+       0xfc000007, 0x20000003, &UDI              , 0,
        UDI_                },        /* UDI */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc000007, 0x20000004, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19019,44 +18753,44 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P32A[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_D[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_D[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000007, 0x40000001, &NMD::LD_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc000007, 0x40000001, &LD_GP_           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LD[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000007, 0x40000005, &NMD::SD_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc000007, 0x40000005, &SD_GP_           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SD[GP] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_W[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_W[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000003, 0x40000000, &NMD::ADDIU_GP_W_      , 0,
+       0xfc000003, 0x40000000, &ADDIU_GP_W_      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[GP.W] */
     { pool                , P_GP_D              , 2   , 32,
        0xfc000003, 0x40000001, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.GP.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000003, 0x40000002, &NMD::LW_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc000003, 0x40000002, &LW_GP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LW[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000003, 0x40000003, &NMD::SW_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc000003, 0x40000003, &SW_GP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SW[GP] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL48I[32] = {
+static struct Pool POOL48I[32] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600000000000ull, &NMD::LI_48_           , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600000000000ull, &LI_48_           , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* LI[48] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600100000000ull, &NMD::ADDIU_48_        , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600100000000ull, &ADDIU_48_        , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* ADDIU[48] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600200000000ull, &NMD::ADDIU_GP48_      , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600200000000ull, &ADDIU_GP48_      , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* ADDIU[GP48] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600300000000ull, &NMD::ADDIUPC_48_      , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600300000000ull, &ADDIUPC_48_      , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* ADDIUPC[48] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 48,
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600400000000ull, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19080,7 +18814,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL48I[32] = {
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600a00000000ull, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL48I~*(10) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600b00000000ull, &NMD::LWPC_48_         , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600b00000000ull, &LWPC_48_         , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* LWPC[48] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 48,
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600c00000000ull, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19092,13 +18826,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL48I[32] = {
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600e00000000ull, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL48I~*(14) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600f00000000ull, &NMD::SWPC_48_         , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x600f00000000ull, &SWPC_48_         , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SWPC[48] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 48,
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601000000000ull, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL48I~*(16) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601100000000ull, &NMD::DADDIU_48_       , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601100000000ull, &DADDIU_48_       , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DADDIU[48] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 48,
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601200000000ull, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19107,7 +18841,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL48I[32] = {
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601300000000ull, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL48I~*(19) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601400000000ull, &NMD::DLUI_48_         , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601400000000ull, &DLUI_48_         , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DLUI[48] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 48,
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601500000000ull, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19128,7 +18862,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL48I[32] = {
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601a00000000ull, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL48I~*(26) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601b00000000ull, &NMD::LDPC_48_         , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601b00000000ull, &LDPC_48_         , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LDPC[48] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 48,
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601c00000000ull, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19140,33 +18874,33 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL48I[32] = {
        0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601e00000000ull, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL48I~*(30) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 48,
-       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601f00000000ull, &NMD::SDPC_48_         , 0,
+       0xfc1f00000000ull, 0x601f00000000ull, &SDPC_48_         , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SDPC[48] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::PP_SR[4] = {
+static struct Pool PP_SR[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc10f003, 0x80003000, &NMD::SAVE_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc10f003, 0x80003000, &SAVE_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SAVE[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc10f003, 0x80003001, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PP.SR~*(1) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc10f003, 0x80003002, &NMD::RESTORE_32_      , 0,
+       0xfc10f003, 0x80003002, &RESTORE_32_      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* RESTORE[32] */
     { return_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc10f003, 0x80003003, &NMD::RESTORE_JRC_32_  , 0,
+       0xfc10f003, 0x80003003, &RESTORE_JRC_32_  , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* RESTORE.JRC[32] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SR_F[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_SR_F[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc10f007, 0x80103000, &NMD::SAVEF            , 0,
+       0xfc10f007, 0x80103000, &SAVEF            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SAVEF */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc10f007, 0x80103001, &NMD::RESTOREF         , 0,
+       0xfc10f007, 0x80103001, &RESTOREF         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RESTOREF */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc10f007, 0x80103002, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19189,7 +18923,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_SR_F[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SR[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_SR[2] = {
     { pool                , PP_SR               , 4   , 32,
        0xfc10f000, 0x80003000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PP.SR */
@@ -19199,26 +18933,26 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_SR[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SLL[5] = {
+static struct Pool P_SLL[5] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c000, &NMD::NOP_32_          , 0,
+       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c000, &NOP_32_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* NOP[32] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c003, &NMD::EHB              , 0,
+       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c003, &EHB              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* EHB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c005, &NMD::PAUSE            , 0,
+       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c005, &PAUSE            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PAUSE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c006, &NMD::SYNC             , 0,
+       0xffe0f1ff, 0x8000c006, &SYNC             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SYNC */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c000, &NMD::SLL_32_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c000, &SLL_32_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SLL[32] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SHIFT[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_SHIFT[16] = {
     { pool                , P_SLL               , 5   , 32,
        0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SLL */
@@ -19226,53 +18960,53 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_SHIFT[16] = {
        0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c020, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SHIFT~*(1) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c040, &NMD::SRL_32_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c040, &SRL_32_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SRL[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c060, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SHIFT~*(3) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c080, &NMD::SRA              , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c080, &SRA              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SRA */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c0a0, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SHIFT~*(5) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c0c0, &NMD::ROTR             , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c0c0, &ROTR             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ROTR */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c0e0, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SHIFT~*(7) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c100, &NMD::DSLL             , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c100, &DSLL             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSLL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c120, &NMD::DSLL32           , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c120, &DSLL32           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSLL32 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c140, &NMD::DSRL             , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c140, &DSRL             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSRL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c160, &NMD::DSRL32           , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c160, &DSRL32           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSRL32 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c180, &NMD::DSRA             , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c180, &DSRA             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSRA */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c1a0, &NMD::DSRA32           , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c1a0, &DSRA32           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSRA32 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c1c0, &NMD::DROTR            , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c1c0, &DROTR            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DROTR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c1e0, &NMD::DROTR32          , 0,
+       0xfc00f1e0, 0x8000c1e0, &DROTR32          , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DROTR32 */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_ROTX[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_ROTX[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000d000, &NMD::ROTX             , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000d000, &ROTX             , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* ROTX */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00f820, 0x8000d020, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19286,74 +19020,74 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_ROTX[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_INS[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_INS[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e000, &NMD::INS              , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e000, &INS              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* INS */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e020, &NMD::DINSU            , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e020, &DINSU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DINSU */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e800, &NMD::DINSM            , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e800, &DINSM            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DINSM */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e820, &NMD::DINS             , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000e820, &DINS             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DINS */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_EXT[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_EXT[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f000, &NMD::EXT              , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f000, &EXT              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* EXT */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f020, &NMD::DEXTU            , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f020, &DEXTU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DEXTU */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f800, &NMD::DEXTM            , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f800, &DEXTM            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DEXTM */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f820, &NMD::DEXT             , 0,
+       0xfc00f820, 0x8000f820, &DEXT             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DEXT */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_U12[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_U12[16] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80000000, &NMD::ORI              , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80000000, &ORI              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ORI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80001000, &NMD::XORI             , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80001000, &XORI             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* XORI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80002000, &NMD::ANDI_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80002000, &ANDI_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ANDI[32] */
     { pool                , P_SR                , 2   , 32,
        0xfc00f000, 0x80003000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SR */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80004000, &NMD::SLTI             , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80004000, &SLTI             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SLTI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80005000, &NMD::SLTIU            , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80005000, &SLTIU            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SLTIU */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80006000, &NMD::SEQI             , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80006000, &SEQI             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SEQI */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00f000, 0x80007000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.U12~*(7) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80008000, &NMD::ADDIU_NEG_       , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80008000, &ADDIU_NEG_       , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[NEG] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x80009000, &NMD::DADDIU_U12_      , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x80009000, &DADDIU_U12_      , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DADDIU[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8000a000, &NMD::DADDIU_NEG_      , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8000a000, &DADDIU_NEG_      , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DADDIU[NEG] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8000b000, &NMD::DROTX            , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8000b000, &DROTX            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DROTX */
     { pool                , P_SHIFT             , 16  , 32,
        0xfc00f000, 0x8000c000, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19370,19 +19104,19 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_U12[16] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::RINT_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool RINT_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000020, &NMD::RINT_S           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000020, &RINT_S           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RINT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000220, &NMD::RINT_D           , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000220, &RINT_D           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RINT.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADD_fmt0[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADD_fmt0[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000030, &NMD::ADD_S            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000030, &ADD_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ADD.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000230, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19390,29 +19124,29 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::ADD_fmt0[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SELEQZ_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool SELEQZ_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000038, &NMD::SELEQZ_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000038, &SELEQZ_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SELEQZ.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000238, &NMD::SELEQZ_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000238, &SELEQZ_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SELEQZ.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CLASS_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool CLASS_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000060, &NMD::CLASS_S          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000060, &CLASS_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CLASS.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000260, &NMD::CLASS_D          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000260, &CLASS_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CLASS.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUB_fmt0[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUB_fmt0[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000070, &NMD::SUB_S            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000070, &SUB_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SUB.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000270, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19420,19 +19154,19 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::SUB_fmt0[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SELNEZ_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool SELNEZ_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000078, &NMD::SELNEZ_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000078, &SELNEZ_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SELNEZ.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000278, &NMD::SELNEZ_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000278, &SELNEZ_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SELNEZ.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MUL_fmt0[2] = {
+static struct Pool MUL_fmt0[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00000b0, &NMD::MUL_S            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00000b0, &MUL_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MUL.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa00002b0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19440,19 +19174,19 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::MUL_fmt0[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SEL_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool SEL_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00000b8, &NMD::SEL_S            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00000b8, &SEL_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SEL.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00002b8, &NMD::SEL_D            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00002b8, &SEL_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SEL.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::DIV_fmt0[2] = {
+static struct Pool DIV_fmt0[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00000f0, &NMD::DIV_S            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00000f0, &DIV_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* DIV.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa00002f0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19460,9 +19194,9 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::DIV_fmt0[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ADD_fmt1[2] = {
+static struct Pool ADD_fmt1[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000130, &NMD::ADD_D            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000130, &ADD_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ADD.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000330, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19470,9 +19204,9 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::ADD_fmt1[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SUB_fmt1[2] = {
+static struct Pool SUB_fmt1[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000170, &NMD::SUB_D            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000170, &SUB_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SUB.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa0000370, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19480,9 +19214,9 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::SUB_fmt1[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MUL_fmt1[2] = {
+static struct Pool MUL_fmt1[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001b0, &NMD::MUL_D            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001b0, &MUL_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MUL.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa00003b0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19490,19 +19224,19 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::MUL_fmt1[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MADDF_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool MADDF_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001b8, &NMD::MADDF_S          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001b8, &MADDF_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MADDF.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00003b8, &NMD::MADDF_D          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00003b8, &MADDF_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MADDF.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::DIV_fmt1[2] = {
+static struct Pool DIV_fmt1[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001f0, &NMD::DIV_D            , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001f0, &DIV_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* DIV.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0003ff, 0xa00003f0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19510,17 +19244,17 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::DIV_fmt1[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MSUBF_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool MSUBF_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001f8, &NMD::MSUBF_S          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00001f8, &MSUBF_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MSUBF.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00003f8, &NMD::MSUBF_D          , 0,
+       0xfc0003ff, 0xa00003f8, &MSUBF_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MSUBF.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F_0[64] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32F_0[64] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xa0000000, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32F_0~*(0) */
@@ -19716,177 +19450,177 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F_0[64] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MIN_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool MIN_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000003, &NMD::MIN_S            , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000003, &MIN_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MIN.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000203, &NMD::MIN_D            , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000203, &MIN_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MIN.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MAX_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool MAX_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa000000b, &NMD::MAX_S            , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa000000b, &MAX_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MAX.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa000020b, &NMD::MAX_D            , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa000020b, &MAX_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MAX.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MINA_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool MINA_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000023, &NMD::MINA_S           , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000023, &MINA_S           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MINA.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000223, &NMD::MINA_D           , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa0000223, &MINA_D           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MINA.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MAXA_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool MAXA_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa000002b, &NMD::MAXA_S           , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa000002b, &MAXA_S           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MAXA.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00023f, 0xa000022b, &NMD::MAXA_D           , 0,
+       0xfc00023f, 0xa000022b, &MAXA_D           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MAXA.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CVT_L_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool CVT_L_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000013b, &NMD::CVT_L_S          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000013b, &CVT_L_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.L.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000413b, &NMD::CVT_L_D          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000413b, &CVT_L_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.L.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::RSQRT_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool RSQRT_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000023b, &NMD::RSQRT_S          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000023b, &RSQRT_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RSQRT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000423b, &NMD::RSQRT_D          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000423b, &RSQRT_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RSQRT.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::FLOOR_L_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool FLOOR_L_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000033b, &NMD::FLOOR_L_S        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000033b, &FLOOR_L_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* FLOOR.L.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000433b, &NMD::FLOOR_L_D        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000433b, &FLOOR_L_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* FLOOR.L.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CVT_W_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool CVT_W_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000093b, &NMD::CVT_W_S          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000093b, &CVT_W_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.W.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000493b, &NMD::CVT_W_D          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000493b, &CVT_W_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.W.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::SQRT_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool SQRT_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0000a3b, &NMD::SQRT_S           , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0000a3b, &SQRT_S           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SQRT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0004a3b, &NMD::SQRT_D           , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0004a3b, &SQRT_D           , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SQRT.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::FLOOR_W_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool FLOOR_W_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0000b3b, &NMD::FLOOR_W_S        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0000b3b, &FLOOR_W_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* FLOOR.W.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0004b3b, &NMD::FLOOR_W_D        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0004b3b, &FLOOR_W_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* FLOOR.W.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::RECIP_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool RECIP_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000123b, &NMD::RECIP_S          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000123b, &RECIP_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RECIP.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000523b, &NMD::RECIP_D          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000523b, &RECIP_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* RECIP.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CEIL_L_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool CEIL_L_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000133b, &NMD::CEIL_L_S         , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000133b, &CEIL_L_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CEIL.L.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000533b, &NMD::CEIL_L_D         , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000533b, &CEIL_L_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CEIL.L.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CEIL_W_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool CEIL_W_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0001b3b, &NMD::CEIL_W_S         , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0001b3b, &CEIL_W_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CEIL.W.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0005b3b, &NMD::CEIL_W_D         , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0005b3b, &CEIL_W_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CEIL.W.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::TRUNC_L_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool TRUNC_L_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000233b, &NMD::TRUNC_L_S        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000233b, &TRUNC_L_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* TRUNC.L.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000633b, &NMD::TRUNC_L_D        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000633b, &TRUNC_L_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* TRUNC.L.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::TRUNC_W_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool TRUNC_W_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0002b3b, &NMD::TRUNC_W_S        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0002b3b, &TRUNC_W_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* TRUNC.W.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0006b3b, &NMD::TRUNC_W_D        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0006b3b, &TRUNC_W_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* TRUNC.W.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ROUND_L_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool ROUND_L_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000333b, &NMD::ROUND_L_S        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000333b, &ROUND_L_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ROUND.L.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000733b, &NMD::ROUND_L_D        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000733b, &ROUND_L_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ROUND.L.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ROUND_W_fmt[2] = {
+static struct Pool ROUND_W_fmt[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0003b3b, &NMD::ROUND_W_S        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0003b3b, &ROUND_W_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ROUND.W.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0007b3b, &NMD::ROUND_W_D        , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0007b3b, &ROUND_W_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ROUND.W.D */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000003b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(0) */
@@ -19936,7 +19670,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa0000f3b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(15) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000103b, &NMD::CFC1             , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000103b, &CFC1             , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CFC1 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000113b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19960,7 +19694,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000173b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(23) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000183b, &NMD::CTC1             , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000183b, &CTC1             , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CTC1 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000193b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19984,10 +19718,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa0001f3b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(31) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000203b, &NMD::MFC1             , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000203b, &MFC1             , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MFC1 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000213b, &NMD::CVT_S_PL         , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000213b, &CVT_S_PL         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.S.PL */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000223b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -19996,7 +19730,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000233b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* TRUNC.L.fmt */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000243b, &NMD::DMFC1            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000243b, &DMFC1            , 0,
        CP1_ | MIPS64_      },        /* DMFC1 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000253b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20008,10 +19742,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000273b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(39) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000283b, &NMD::MTC1             , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000283b, &MTC1             , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MTC1 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000293b, &NMD::CVT_S_PU         , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000293b, &CVT_S_PU         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.S.PU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa0002a3b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20020,7 +19754,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa0002b3b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* TRUNC.W.fmt */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa0002c3b, &NMD::DMTC1            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa0002c3b, &DMTC1            , 0,
        CP1_ | MIPS64_      },        /* DMTC1 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa0002d3b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20032,7 +19766,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa0002f3b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(47) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000303b, &NMD::MFHC1            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000303b, &MFHC1            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MFHC1 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000313b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20056,7 +19790,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000373b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0~*(55) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc003fff, 0xa000383b, &NMD::MTHC1            , 0,
+       0xfc003fff, 0xa000383b, &MTHC1            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MTHC1 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc003fff, 0xa000393b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20082,12 +19816,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_0[64] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MOV_fmt[4] = {
+static struct Pool MOV_fmt[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000007b, &NMD::MOV_S            , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000007b, &MOV_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MOV.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000207b, &NMD::MOV_D            , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000207b, &MOV_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MOV.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007fff, 0xa000407b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20098,12 +19832,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::MOV_fmt[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ABS_fmt[4] = {
+static struct Pool ABS_fmt[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000037b, &NMD::ABS_S            , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000037b, &ABS_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ABS.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000237b, &NMD::ABS_D            , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000237b, &ABS_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* ABS.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007fff, 0xa000437b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20114,12 +19848,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::ABS_fmt[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::NEG_fmt[4] = {
+static struct Pool NEG_fmt[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0000b7b, &NMD::NEG_S            , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0000b7b, &NEG_S            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* NEG.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0002b7b, &NMD::NEG_D            , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0002b7b, &NEG_D            , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* NEG.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007fff, 0xa0004b7b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20130,15 +19864,15 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::NEG_fmt[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CVT_D_fmt[4] = {
+static struct Pool CVT_D_fmt[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000137b, &NMD::CVT_D_S          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000137b, &CVT_D_S          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.D.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000337b, &NMD::CVT_D_W          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000337b, &CVT_D_W          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.D.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa000537b, &NMD::CVT_D_L          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa000537b, &CVT_D_L          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.D.L */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007fff, 0xa000737b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20146,15 +19880,15 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::CVT_D_fmt[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CVT_S_fmt[4] = {
+static struct Pool CVT_S_fmt[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0001b7b, &NMD::CVT_S_D          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0001b7b, &CVT_S_D          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.S.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0003b7b, &NMD::CVT_S_W          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0003b7b, &CVT_S_W          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.S.W */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007fff, 0xa0005b7b, &NMD::CVT_S_L          , 0,
+       0xfc007fff, 0xa0005b7b, &CVT_S_L          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CVT.S.L */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007fff, 0xa0007b7b, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20162,7 +19896,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::CVT_S_fmt[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_1[32] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Fxf_1[32] = {
     { pool                , MOV_fmt             , 4   , 32,
        0xfc001fff, 0xa000007b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MOV.fmt */
@@ -20262,7 +19996,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf_1[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Fxf[4] = {
     { pool                , POOL32Fxf_0         , 64  , 32,
        0xfc0000ff, 0xa000003b, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32Fxf_0 */
@@ -20278,7 +20012,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Fxf[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F_3[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32F_3[8] = {
     { pool                , MIN_fmt             , 2   , 32,
        0xfc00003f, 0xa0000003, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* MIN.fmt */
@@ -20306,66 +20040,66 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F_3[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CMP_condn_S[32] = {
+static struct Pool CMP_condn_S[32] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000005, &NMD::CMP_AF_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000005, &CMP_AF_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.AF.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000045, &NMD::CMP_UN_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000045, &CMP_UN_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.UN.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000085, &NMD::CMP_EQ_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000085, &CMP_EQ_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.EQ.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00000c5, &NMD::CMP_UEQ_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00000c5, &CMP_UEQ_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.UEQ.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000105, &NMD::CMP_LT_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000105, &CMP_LT_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.LT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000145, &NMD::CMP_ULT_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000145, &CMP_ULT_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.ULT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000185, &NMD::CMP_LE_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000185, &CMP_LE_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.LE.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00001c5, &NMD::CMP_ULE_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00001c5, &CMP_ULE_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.ULE.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000205, &NMD::CMP_SAF_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000205, &CMP_SAF_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SAF.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000245, &NMD::CMP_SUN_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000245, &CMP_SUN_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SUN.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000285, &NMD::CMP_SEQ_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000285, &CMP_SEQ_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SEQ.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00002c5, &NMD::CMP_SUEQ_S       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00002c5, &CMP_SUEQ_S       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SUEQ.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000305, &NMD::CMP_SLT_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000305, &CMP_SLT_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SLT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000345, &NMD::CMP_SULT_S       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000345, &CMP_SULT_S       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SULT.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000385, &NMD::CMP_SLE_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000385, &CMP_SLE_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SLE.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00003c5, &NMD::CMP_SULE_S       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00003c5, &CMP_SULE_S       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SULE.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000405, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.condn.S~*(16) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000445, &NMD::CMP_OR_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000445, &CMP_OR_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.OR.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000485, &NMD::CMP_UNE_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000485, &CMP_UNE_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.UNE.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00004c5, &NMD::CMP_NE_S         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00004c5, &CMP_NE_S         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.NE.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000505, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20383,13 +20117,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::CMP_condn_S[32] = {
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000605, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.condn.S~*(24) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000645, &NMD::CMP_SOR_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000645, &CMP_SOR_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SOR.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000685, &NMD::CMP_SUNE_S       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000685, &CMP_SUNE_S       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SUNE.S */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00006c5, &NMD::CMP_SNE_S        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00006c5, &CMP_SNE_S        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SNE.S */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000705, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20406,66 +20140,66 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::CMP_condn_S[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::CMP_condn_D[32] = {
+static struct Pool CMP_condn_D[32] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000015, &NMD::CMP_AF_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000015, &CMP_AF_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.AF.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000055, &NMD::CMP_UN_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000055, &CMP_UN_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.UN.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000095, &NMD::CMP_EQ_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000095, &CMP_EQ_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.EQ.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00000d5, &NMD::CMP_UEQ_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00000d5, &CMP_UEQ_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.UEQ.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000115, &NMD::CMP_LT_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000115, &CMP_LT_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.LT.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000155, &NMD::CMP_ULT_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000155, &CMP_ULT_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.ULT.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000195, &NMD::CMP_LE_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000195, &CMP_LE_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.LE.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00001d5, &NMD::CMP_ULE_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00001d5, &CMP_ULE_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.ULE.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000215, &NMD::CMP_SAF_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000215, &CMP_SAF_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SAF.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000255, &NMD::CMP_SUN_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000255, &CMP_SUN_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SUN.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000295, &NMD::CMP_SEQ_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000295, &CMP_SEQ_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SEQ.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00002d5, &NMD::CMP_SUEQ_D       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00002d5, &CMP_SUEQ_D       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SUEQ.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000315, &NMD::CMP_SLT_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000315, &CMP_SLT_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SLT.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000355, &NMD::CMP_SULT_D       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000355, &CMP_SULT_D       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SULT.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000395, &NMD::CMP_SLE_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000395, &CMP_SLE_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SLE.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00003d5, &NMD::CMP_SULE_D       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00003d5, &CMP_SULE_D       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SULE.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000415, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.condn.D~*(16) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000455, &NMD::CMP_OR_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000455, &CMP_OR_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.OR.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000495, &NMD::CMP_UNE_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000495, &CMP_UNE_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.UNE.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00004d5, &NMD::CMP_NE_D         , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00004d5, &CMP_NE_D         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.NE.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000515, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20483,13 +20217,13 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::CMP_condn_D[32] = {
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000615, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.condn.D~*(24) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000655, &NMD::CMP_SOR_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000655, &CMP_SOR_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SOR.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000695, &NMD::CMP_SUNE_D       , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000695, &CMP_SUNE_D       , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SUNE.D */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00006d5, &NMD::CMP_SNE_D        , 0,
+       0xfc0007ff, 0xa00006d5, &CMP_SNE_D        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.SNE.D */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0007ff, 0xa0000715, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20506,7 +20240,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::CMP_condn_D[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F_5[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32F_5[8] = {
     { pool                , CMP_condn_S         , 32  , 32,
        0xfc00003f, 0xa0000005, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* CMP.condn.S */
@@ -20534,7 +20268,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F_5[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32F[8] = {
     { pool                , POOL32F_0           , 64  , 32,
        0xfc000007, 0xa0000000, 0                      , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* POOL32F_0 */
@@ -20562,18 +20296,18 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32F[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32S_0[64] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(0) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000008, &NMD::DLSA             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000008, &DLSA             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DLSA */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000010, &NMD::DSLLV            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000010, &DSLLV            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSLLV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000018, &NMD::DMUL             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000018, &DMUL             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DMUL */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000020, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20594,10 +20328,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000048, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(9) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000050, &NMD::DSRLV            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000050, &DSRLV            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSRLV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000058, &NMD::DMUH             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000058, &DMUH             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DMUH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000060, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20618,10 +20352,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000088, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(17) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000090, &NMD::DSRAV            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000090, &DSRAV            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSRAV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000098, &NMD::DMULU            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000098, &DMULU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DMULU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000a0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20642,10 +20376,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000c8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(25) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000d0, &NMD::DROTRV           , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000d0, &DROTRV           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DROTRV */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000d8, &NMD::DMUHU            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000d8, &DMUHU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DMUHU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc00000e0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20666,10 +20400,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000108, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(33) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000110, &NMD::DADD             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000110, &DADD             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DADD */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000118, &NMD::DDIV             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000118, &DDIV             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DDIV */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000120, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20690,10 +20424,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000148, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(41) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000150, &NMD::DADDU            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000150, &DADDU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DADDU */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000158, &NMD::DMOD             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000158, &DMOD             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DMOD */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000160, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20714,10 +20448,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000188, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(49) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000190, &NMD::DSUB             , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000190, &DSUB             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSUB */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000198, &NMD::DDIVU            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc0000198, &DDIVU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DDIVU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001a0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20738,10 +20472,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001c8, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0~*(57) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001d0, &NMD::DSUBU            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001d0, &DSUBU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DSUBU */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001d8, &NMD::DMODU            , 0,
+       0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001d8, &DMODU            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DMODU */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc00001e0, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20758,7 +20492,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_0[64] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Sxf_4[128] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Sxf_4[128] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0xc000013c, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Sxf_4~*(0) */
@@ -20871,7 +20605,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Sxf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0xc000493c, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Sxf_4~*(36) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0xc0004b3c, &NMD::DCLO             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0xc0004b3c, &DCLO             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DCLO */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0xc0004d3c, 0                      , 0,
@@ -20895,7 +20629,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Sxf_4[128] = {
        0xfc00ffff, 0xc000593c, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Sxf_4~*(44) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00ffff, 0xc0005b3c, &NMD::DCLZ             , 0,
+       0xfc00ffff, 0xc0005b3c, &DCLZ             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* DCLZ */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00ffff, 0xc0005d3c, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21146,7 +20880,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Sxf_4[128] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Sxf[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32Sxf[8] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc0001ff, 0xc000003c, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32Sxf~*(0) */
@@ -21174,12 +20908,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32Sxf[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_4[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32S_4[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00003f, 0xc0000004, &NMD::EXTD             , 0,
+       0xfc00003f, 0xc0000004, &EXTD             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* EXTD */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00003f, 0xc000000c, &NMD::EXTD32           , 0,
+       0xfc00003f, 0xc000000c, &EXTD32           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* EXTD32 */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00003f, 0xc0000014, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21202,7 +20936,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S_4[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S[8] = {
+static struct Pool POOL32S[8] = {
     { pool                , POOL32S_0           , 64  , 32,
        0xfc000007, 0xc0000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL32S_0 */
@@ -21230,29 +20964,29 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL32S[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LUI[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_LUI[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000002, 0xe0000000, &NMD::LUI              , 0,
+       0xfc000002, 0xe0000000, &LUI              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LUI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000002, 0xe0000002, &NMD::ALUIPC           , 0,
+       0xfc000002, 0xe0000002, &ALUIPC           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ALUIPC */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_LH[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_LH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0001, 0x44100000, &NMD::LH_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0001, 0x44100000, &LH_GP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LH[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0001, 0x44100001, &NMD::LHU_GP_          , 0,
+       0xfc1c0001, 0x44100001, &LHU_GP_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHU[GP] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_SH[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_SH[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0001, 0x44140000, &NMD::SH_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0001, 0x44140000, &SH_GP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SH[GP] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc1c0001, 0x44140001, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21260,25 +20994,25 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_SH[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_CP1[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_CP1[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180000, &NMD::LWC1_GP_         , 0,
+       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180000, &LWC1_GP_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LWC1[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180001, &NMD::SWC1_GP_         , 0,
+       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180001, &SWC1_GP_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SWC1[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180002, &NMD::LDC1_GP_         , 0,
+       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180002, &LDC1_GP_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LDC1[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180003, &NMD::SDC1_GP_         , 0,
+       0xfc1c0003, 0x44180003, &SDC1_GP_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SDC1[GP] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_M64[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_M64[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0003, 0x441c0000, &NMD::LWU_GP_          , 0,
+       0xfc1c0003, 0x441c0000, &LWU_GP_          , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LWU[GP] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc1c0003, 0x441c0001, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21292,18 +21026,18 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_M64[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_BH[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_GP_BH[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0x44000000, &NMD::LB_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0x44000000, &LB_GP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LB[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0x44040000, &NMD::SB_GP_           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0x44040000, &SB_GP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SB[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0x44080000, &NMD::LBU_GP_          , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0x44080000, &LBU_GP_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LBU[GP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0x440c0000, &NMD::ADDIU_GP_B_      , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0x440c0000, &ADDIU_GP_B_      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[GP.B] */
     { pool                , P_GP_LH             , 2   , 32,
        0xfc1c0000, 0x44100000, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21320,136 +21054,136 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_GP_BH[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_U12[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_U12[16] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84000000, &NMD::LB_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84000000, &LB_U12_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LB[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84001000, &NMD::SB_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84001000, &SB_U12_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SB[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84002000, &NMD::LBU_U12_         , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84002000, &LBU_U12_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LBU[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84003000, &NMD::PREF_U12_        , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84003000, &PREF_U12_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* PREF[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84004000, &NMD::LH_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84004000, &LH_U12_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LH[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84005000, &NMD::SH_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84005000, &SH_U12_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SH[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84006000, &NMD::LHU_U12_         , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84006000, &LHU_U12_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHU[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84007000, &NMD::LWU_U12_         , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84007000, &LWU_U12_         , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LWU[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84008000, &NMD::LW_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84008000, &LW_U12_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LW[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x84009000, &NMD::SW_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x84009000, &SW_U12_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SW[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8400a000, &NMD::LWC1_U12_        , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8400a000, &LWC1_U12_        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LWC1[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8400b000, &NMD::SWC1_U12_        , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8400b000, &SWC1_U12_        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SWC1[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8400c000, &NMD::LD_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8400c000, &LD_U12_          , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LD[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8400d000, &NMD::SD_U12_          , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8400d000, &SD_U12_          , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SD[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8400e000, &NMD::LDC1_U12_        , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8400e000, &LDC1_U12_        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LDC1[U12] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x8400f000, &NMD::SDC1_U12_        , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x8400f000, &SDC1_U12_        , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SDC1[U12] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_PREF_S9_[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_PREF_S9_[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe07f00, 0xa7e01800, &NMD::SYNCI            , 0,
+       0xffe07f00, 0xa7e01800, &SYNCI            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SYNCI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001800, &NMD::PREF_S9_         , &NMD::PREF_S9__cond    ,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001800, &PREF_S9_         , &PREF_S9__cond    ,
        0x0                 },        /* PREF[S9] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S0[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_S0[16] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000000, &NMD::LB_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000000, &LB_S9_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LB[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000800, &NMD::SB_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000800, &SB_S9_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SB[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001000, &NMD::LBU_S9_          , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001000, &LBU_S9_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LBU[S9] */
     { pool                , P_PREF_S9_          , 2   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4001800, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.PREF[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002000, &NMD::LH_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002000, &LH_S9_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LH[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002800, &NMD::SH_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002800, &SH_S9_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SH[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003000, &NMD::LHU_S9_          , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003000, &LHU_S9_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHU[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003800, &NMD::LWU_S9_          , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003800, &LWU_S9_          , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LWU[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004000, &NMD::LW_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004000, &LW_S9_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LW[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004800, &NMD::SW_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004800, &SW_S9_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SW[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4005000, &NMD::LWC1_S9_         , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4005000, &LWC1_S9_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LWC1[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4005800, &NMD::SWC1_S9_         , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4005800, &SWC1_S9_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SWC1[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006000, &NMD::LD_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006000, &LD_S9_           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LD[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006800, &NMD::SD_S9_           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006800, &SD_S9_           , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SD[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4007000, &NMD::LDC1_S9_         , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4007000, &LDC1_S9_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* LDC1[S9] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4007800, &NMD::SDC1_S9_         , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4007800, &SDC1_S9_         , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* SDC1[S9] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::ASET_ACLR[2] = {
+static struct Pool ASET_ACLR[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfe007f00, 0xa4001100, &NMD::ASET             , 0,
+       0xfe007f00, 0xa4001100, &ASET             , 0,
        MCU_                },        /* ASET */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfe007f00, 0xa6001100, &NMD::ACLR             , 0,
+       0xfe007f00, 0xa6001100, &ACLR             , 0,
        MCU_                },        /* ACLR */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LL[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_LL[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005100, &NMD::LL               , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005100, &LL               , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005101, &NMD::LLWP             , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005101, &LLWP             , 0,
        XNP_                },        /* LLWP */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f03, 0xa4005102, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21460,12 +21194,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LL[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SC[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_SC[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005900, &NMD::SC               , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005900, &SC               , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SC */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005901, &NMD::SCWP             , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005901, &SCWP             , 0,
        XNP_                },        /* SCWP */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f03, 0xa4005902, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21476,12 +21210,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_SC[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LLD[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_LLD[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007100, &NMD::LLD              , 0,
+       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007100, &LLD              , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LLD */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007101, &NMD::LLDP             , 0,
+       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007101, &LLDP             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LLDP */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f07, 0xa4007102, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21504,12 +21238,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LLD[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SCD[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_SCD[8] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007900, &NMD::SCD              , 0,
+       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007900, &SCD              , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SCD */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007901, &NMD::SCDP             , 0,
+       0xfc007f07, 0xa4007901, &SCDP             , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SCDP */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f07, 0xa4007902, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21532,7 +21266,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_SCD[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S1[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_S1[16] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4000100, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.LS.S1~*(0) */
@@ -21546,22 +21280,22 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S1[16] = {
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4001900, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.LS.S1~*(3) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002100, &NMD::UALH             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002100, &UALH             , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* UALH */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002900, &NMD::UASH             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002900, &UASH             , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* UASH */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4003100, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.LS.S1~*(6) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003900, &NMD::CACHE            , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003900, &CACHE            , 0,
        CP0_                },        /* CACHE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004100, &NMD::LWC2             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004100, &LWC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* LWC2 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004900, &NMD::SWC2             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004900, &SWC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* SWC2 */
     { pool                , P_LL                , 4   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4005100, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21570,10 +21304,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S1[16] = {
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4005900, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.SC */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006100, &NMD::LDC2             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006100, &LDC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* LDC2 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006900, &NMD::SDC2             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4006900, &SDC2             , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* SDC2 */
     { pool                , P_LLD               , 8   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4007100, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21584,22 +21318,22 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S1[16] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_PREFE[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_PREFE[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe07f00, 0xa7e01a00, &NMD::SYNCIE           , 0,
+       0xffe07f00, 0xa7e01a00, &SYNCIE           , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* SYNCIE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001a00, &NMD::PREFE            , &NMD::PREFE_cond       ,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001a00, &PREFE            , &PREFE_cond       ,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* PREFE */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LLE[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_LLE[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005200, &NMD::LLE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005200, &LLE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LLE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005201, &NMD::LLWPE            , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005201, &LLWPE            , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LLWPE */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f03, 0xa4005202, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21610,12 +21344,12 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LLE[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_SCE[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_SCE[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005a00, &NMD::SCE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005a00, &SCE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* SCE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005a01, &NMD::SCWPE            , 0,
+       0xfc007f03, 0xa4005a01, &SCWPE            , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* SCWPE */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc007f03, 0xa4005a02, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21626,36 +21360,36 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_SCE[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_E0[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_E0[16] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000200, &NMD::LBE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000200, &LBE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LBE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000a00, &NMD::SBE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4000a00, &SBE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* SBE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001200, &NMD::LBUE             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4001200, &LBUE             , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LBUE */
     { pool                , P_PREFE             , 2   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4001a00, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.PREFE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002200, &NMD::LHE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002200, &LHE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LHE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002a00, &NMD::SHE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4002a00, &SHE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* SHE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003200, &NMD::LHUE             , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003200, &LHUE             , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LHUE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003a00, &NMD::CACHEE           , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4003a00, &CACHEE           , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* CACHEE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004200, &NMD::LWE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004200, &LWE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* LWE */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004a00, &NMD::SWE              , 0,
+       0xfc007f00, 0xa4004a00, &SWE              , 0,
        CP0_ | EVA_         },        /* SWE */
     { pool                , P_LLE               , 4   , 32,
        0xfc007f00, 0xa4005200, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21678,47 +21412,47 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_E0[16] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_WM[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_WM[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000400, &NMD::LWM              , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000400, &LWM              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* LWM */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000c00, &NMD::SWM              , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000c00, &SWM              , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SWM */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_UAWM[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_UAWM[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000500, &NMD::UALWM            , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000500, &UALWM            , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* UALWM */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000d00, &NMD::UASWM            , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000d00, &UASWM            , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* UASWM */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_DM[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_DM[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000600, &NMD::LDM              , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000600, &LDM              , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* LDM */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000e00, &NMD::SDM              , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000e00, &SDM              , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* SDM */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_UADM[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_UADM[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000700, &NMD::UALDM            , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000700, &UALDM            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* UALDM */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000f00, &NMD::UASDM            , 0,
+       0xfc000f00, 0xa4000f00, &UASDM            , 0,
        MIPS64_             },        /* UASDM */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S9[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_LS_S9[8] = {
     { pool                , P_LS_S0             , 16  , 32,
        0xfc000700, 0xa4000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.LS.S0 */
@@ -21746,32 +21480,32 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_LS_S9[8] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_BAL[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_BAL[2] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfe000000, 0x28000000, &NMD::BC_32_           , 0,
+       0xfe000000, 0x28000000, &BC_32_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BC[32] */
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfe000000, 0x2a000000, &NMD::BALC_32_         , 0,
+       0xfe000000, 0x2a000000, &BALC_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BALC[32] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_BALRSC[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_BALRSC[2] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xffe0f000, 0x48008000, &NMD::BRSC             , 0,
+       0xffe0f000, 0x48008000, &BRSC             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BRSC */
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x48008000, &NMD::BALRSC           , &NMD::BALRSC_cond      ,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x48008000, &BALRSC           , &BALRSC_cond      ,
        0x0                 },        /* BALRSC */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_J[16] = {
+static struct Pool P_J[16] = {
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x48000000, &NMD::JALRC_32_        , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x48000000, &JALRC_32_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* JALRC[32] */
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00f000, 0x48001000, &NMD::JALRC_HB         , 0,
+       0xfc00f000, 0x48001000, &JALRC_HB         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* JALRC.HB */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00f000, 0x48002000, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21818,21 +21552,21 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_J[16] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_BR3A[32] = {
+static struct Pool P_BR3A[32] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1fc000, 0x88004000, &NMD::BC1EQZC          , 0,
+       0xfc1fc000, 0x88004000, &BC1EQZC          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* BC1EQZC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1fc000, 0x88014000, &NMD::BC1NEZC          , 0,
+       0xfc1fc000, 0x88014000, &BC1NEZC          , 0,
        CP1_                },        /* BC1NEZC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1fc000, 0x88024000, &NMD::BC2EQZC          , 0,
+       0xfc1fc000, 0x88024000, &BC2EQZC          , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* BC2EQZC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1fc000, 0x88034000, &NMD::BC2NEZC          , 0,
+       0xfc1fc000, 0x88034000, &BC2NEZC          , 0,
        CP2_                },        /* BC2NEZC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1fc000, 0x88044000, &NMD::BPOSGE32C        , 0,
+       0xfc1fc000, 0x88044000, &BPOSGE32C        , 0,
        DSP_                },        /* BPOSGE32C */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc1fc000, 0x88054000, 0                      , 0,
@@ -21918,67 +21652,67 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P_BR3A[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_BR1[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_BR1[4] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00c000, 0x88000000, &NMD::BEQC_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc00c000, 0x88000000, &BEQC_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BEQC[32] */
     { pool                , P_BR3A              , 32  , 32,
        0xfc00c000, 0x88004000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.BR3A */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00c000, 0x88008000, &NMD::BGEC             , 0,
+       0xfc00c000, 0x88008000, &BGEC             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BGEC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00c000, 0x8800c000, &NMD::BGEUC            , 0,
+       0xfc00c000, 0x8800c000, &BGEUC            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BGEUC */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_BR2[4] = {
+static struct Pool P_BR2[4] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00c000, 0xa8000000, &NMD::BNEC_32_         , 0,
+       0xfc00c000, 0xa8000000, &BNEC_32_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BNEC[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc00c000, 0xa8004000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.BR2~*(1) */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00c000, 0xa8008000, &NMD::BLTC             , 0,
+       0xfc00c000, 0xa8008000, &BLTC             , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BLTC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc00c000, 0xa800c000, &NMD::BLTUC            , 0,
+       0xfc00c000, 0xa800c000, &BLTUC            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BLTUC */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_BRI[8] = {
+static struct Pool P_BRI[8] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8000000, &NMD::BEQIC            , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8000000, &BEQIC            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BEQIC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8040000, &NMD::BBEQZC           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8040000, &BBEQZC           , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* BBEQZC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8080000, &NMD::BGEIC            , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8080000, &BGEIC            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BGEIC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc80c0000, &NMD::BGEIUC           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc80c0000, &BGEIUC           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BGEIUC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8100000, &NMD::BNEIC            , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8100000, &BNEIC            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BNEIC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8140000, &NMD::BBNEZC           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8140000, &BBNEZC           , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* BBNEZC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8180000, &NMD::BLTIC            , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc8180000, &BLTIC            , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BLTIC */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc1c0000, 0xc81c0000, &NMD::BLTIUC           , 0,
+       0xfc1c0000, 0xc81c0000, &BLTIUC           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BLTIUC */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P32[32] = {
+static struct Pool P32[32] = {
     { pool                , P_ADDIU             , 2   , 32,
        0xfc000000, 0x00000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.ADDIU */
@@ -22004,7 +21738,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P32[32] = {
        0xfc000000, 0xe0000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P.LUI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000000, 0x04000000, &NMD::ADDIUPC_32_      , 0,
+       0xfc000000, 0x04000000, &ADDIUPC_32_      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIUPC[32] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 32,
        0xfc000000, 0x24000000, 0                      , 0,
@@ -22028,7 +21762,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P32[32] = {
        0xfc000000, 0xe4000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P32~*(29) */
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 32,
-       0xfc000000, 0x08000000, &NMD::MOVE_BALC        , 0,
+       0xfc000000, 0x08000000, &MOVE_BALC        , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* MOVE.BALC */
     { pool                , P_BAL               , 2   , 32,
        0xfc000000, 0x28000000, 0                      , 0,
@@ -22078,17 +21812,17 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P32[32] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_SYSCALL[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_SYSCALL[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfffc    , 0x1008    , &NMD::SYSCALL_16_      , 0,
+       0xfffc    , 0x1008    , &SYSCALL_16_      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SYSCALL[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfffc    , 0x100c    , &NMD::HYPCALL_16_      , 0,
+       0xfffc    , 0x100c    , &HYPCALL_16_      , 0,
        CP0_ | VZ_          },        /* HYPCALL[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_RI[4] = {
+static struct Pool P16_RI[4] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfff8    , 0x1000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.RI~*(0) */
@@ -22096,51 +21830,51 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16_RI[4] = {
        0xfff8    , 0x1008    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.SYSCALL */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfff8    , 0x1010    , &NMD::BREAK_16_        , 0,
+       0xfff8    , 0x1010    , &BREAK_16_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BREAK[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfff8    , 0x1018    , &NMD::SDBBP_16_        , 0,
+       0xfff8    , 0x1018    , &SDBBP_16_        , 0,
        EJTAG_              },        /* SDBBP[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_MV[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_MV[2] = {
     { pool                , P16_RI              , 4   , 16,
        0xffe0    , 0x1000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.RI */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x1000    , &NMD::MOVE             , &NMD::MOVE_cond        ,
+       0xfc00    , 0x1000    , &MOVE             , &MOVE_cond        ,
        0x0                 },        /* MOVE */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_SHIFT[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_SHIFT[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc08    , 0x3000    , &NMD::SLL_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc08    , 0x3000    , &SLL_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SLL[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc08    , 0x3008    , &NMD::SRL_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc08    , 0x3008    , &SRL_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SRL[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL16C_00[4] = {
+static struct Pool POOL16C_00[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0f    , 0x5000    , &NMD::NOT_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc0f    , 0x5000    , &NOT_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* NOT[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0f    , 0x5004    , &NMD::XOR_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc0f    , 0x5004    , &XOR_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* XOR[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0f    , 0x5008    , &NMD::AND_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc0f    , 0x5008    , &AND_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* AND[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0f    , 0x500c    , &NMD::OR_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc0f    , 0x500c    , &OR_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* OR[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::POOL16C_0[2] = {
+static struct Pool POOL16C_0[2] = {
     { pool                , POOL16C_00          , 4   , 16,
        0xfc03    , 0x5000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL16C_00 */
@@ -22150,39 +21884,39 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::POOL16C_0[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16C[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16C[2] = {
     { pool                , POOL16C_0           , 2   , 16,
        0xfc01    , 0x5000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* POOL16C_0 */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc01    , 0x5001    , &NMD::LWXS_16_         , 0,
+       0xfc01    , 0x5001    , &LWXS_16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LWXS[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_A1[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_A1[2] = {
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfc40    , 0x7000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.A1~*(0) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc40    , 0x7040    , &NMD::ADDIU_R1_SP_     , 0,
+       0xfc40    , 0x7040    , &ADDIU_R1_SP_     , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[R1.SP] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P_ADDIU_RS5_[2] = {
+static struct Pool P_ADDIU_RS5_[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xffe8    , 0x9008    , &NMD::NOP_16_          , 0,
+       0xffe8    , 0x9008    , &NOP_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* NOP[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc08    , 0x9008    , &NMD::ADDIU_RS5_       , &NMD::ADDIU_RS5__cond  ,
+       0xfc08    , 0x9008    , &ADDIU_RS5_       , &ADDIU_RS5__cond  ,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[RS5] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_A2[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_A2[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc08    , 0x9000    , &NMD::ADDIU_R2_        , 0,
+       0xfc08    , 0x9000    , &ADDIU_R2_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDIU[R2] */
     { pool                , P_ADDIU_RS5_        , 2   , 16,
        0xfc08    , 0x9008    , 0                      , 0,
@@ -22190,62 +21924,62 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16_A2[2] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_ADDU[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_ADDU[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc01    , 0xb000    , &NMD::ADDU_16_         , 0,
+       0xfc01    , 0xb000    , &ADDU_16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ADDU[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc01    , 0xb001    , &NMD::SUBU_16_         , 0,
+       0xfc01    , 0xb001    , &SUBU_16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SUBU[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_JRC[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_JRC[2] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc1f    , 0xd800    , &NMD::JRC              , 0,
+       0xfc1f    , 0xd800    , &JRC              , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* JRC */
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc1f    , 0xd810    , &NMD::JALRC_16_        , 0,
+       0xfc1f    , 0xd810    , &JALRC_16_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* JALRC[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_BR1[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_BR1[2] = {
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xd800    , &NMD::BEQC_16_         , &NMD::BEQC_16__cond    ,
+       0xfc00    , 0xd800    , &BEQC_16_         , &BEQC_16__cond    ,
        XMMS_               },        /* BEQC[16] */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xd800    , &NMD::BNEC_16_         , &NMD::BNEC_16__cond    ,
+       0xfc00    , 0xd800    , &BNEC_16_         , &BNEC_16__cond    ,
        XMMS_               },        /* BNEC[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_BR[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_BR[2] = {
     { pool                , P16_JRC             , 2   , 16,
        0xfc0f    , 0xd800    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.JRC */
     { pool                , P16_BR1             , 2   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xd800    , 0                      , &NMD::P16_BR1_cond     ,
+       0xfc00    , 0xd800    , 0                      , &P16_BR1_cond     ,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.BR1 */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_SR[2] = {
+static struct Pool P16_SR[2] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfd00    , 0x1c00    , &NMD::SAVE_16_         , 0,
+       0xfd00    , 0x1c00    , &SAVE_16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SAVE[16] */
     { return_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfd00    , 0x1d00    , &NMD::RESTORE_JRC_16_  , 0,
+       0xfd00    , 0x1d00    , &RESTORE_JRC_16_  , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* RESTORE.JRC[16] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_4X4[4] = {
+static struct Pool P16_4X4[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfd08    , 0x3c00    , &NMD::ADDU_4X4_        , 0,
+       0xfd08    , 0x3c00    , &ADDU_4X4_        , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* ADDU[4X4] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfd08    , 0x3c08    , &NMD::MUL_4X4_         , 0,
+       0xfd08    , 0x3c08    , &MUL_4X4_         , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* MUL[4X4] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfd08    , 0x3d00    , 0                      , 0,
@@ -22256,15 +21990,15 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16_4X4[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_LB[4] = {
+static struct Pool P16_LB[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0c    , 0x5c00    , &NMD::LB_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc0c    , 0x5c00    , &LB_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LB[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0c    , 0x5c04    , &NMD::SB_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc0c    , 0x5c04    , &SB_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SB[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc0c    , 0x5c08    , &NMD::LBU_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc0c    , 0x5c08    , &LBU_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LBU[16] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfc0c    , 0x5c0c    , 0                      , 0,
@@ -22272,15 +22006,15 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16_LB[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16_LH[4] = {
+static struct Pool P16_LH[4] = {
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc09    , 0x7c00    , &NMD::LH_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc09    , 0x7c00    , &LH_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LH[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc09    , 0x7c01    , &NMD::SH_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc09    , 0x7c01    , &SH_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SH[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc09    , 0x7c08    , &NMD::LHU_16_          , 0,
+       0xfc09    , 0x7c08    , &LHU_16_          , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LHU[16] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfc09    , 0x7c09    , 0                      , 0,
@@ -22288,7 +22022,7 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16_LH[4] = {
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::P16[32] = {
+static struct Pool P16[32] = {
     { pool                , P16_MV              , 2   , 16,
        0xfc00    , 0x1000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.MV */
@@ -22308,40 +22042,40 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16[32] = {
        0xfc00    , 0xb000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16.ADDU */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xd000    , &NMD::LI_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xd000    , &LI_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LI[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xf000    , &NMD::ANDI_16_         , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xf000    , &ANDI_16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* ANDI[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x1400    , &NMD::LW_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x1400    , &LW_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LW[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x3400    , &NMD::LW_SP_           , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x3400    , &LW_SP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LW[SP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x5400    , &NMD::LW_GP16_         , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x5400    , &LW_GP16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* LW[GP16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x7400    , &NMD::LW_4X4_          , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x7400    , &LW_4X4_          , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* LW[4X4] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x9400    , &NMD::SW_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x9400    , &SW_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SW[16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xb400    , &NMD::SW_SP_           , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xb400    , &SW_SP_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SW[SP] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xd400    , &NMD::SW_GP16_         , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xd400    , &SW_GP16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* SW[GP16] */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xf400    , &NMD::SW_4X4_          , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xf400    , &SW_4X4_          , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* SW[4X4] */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x1800    , &NMD::BC_16_           , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x1800    , &BC_16_           , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BC[16] */
     { call_instruction    , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x3800    , &NMD::BALC_16_         , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x3800    , &BALC_16_         , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BALC[16] */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfc00    , 0x5800    , 0                      , 0,
@@ -22350,10 +22084,10 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16[32] = {
        0xfc00    , 0x7800    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16~*(14) */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0x9800    , &NMD::BEQZC_16_        , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0x9800    , &BEQZC_16_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BEQZC[16] */
     { branch_instruction  , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xb800    , &NMD::BNEZC_16_        , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xb800    , &BNEZC_16_        , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* BNEZC[16] */
     { pool                , P16_BR              , 2   , 16,
        0xfc00    , 0xd800    , 0                      , 0,
@@ -22377,18 +22111,18 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::P16[32] = {
        0xfc00    , 0x9c00    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16~*(19) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xbc00    , &NMD::MOVEP            , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xbc00    , &MOVEP            , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* MOVEP */
     { reserved_block      , 0                   , 0   , 16,
        0xfc00    , 0xdc00    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16~*(27) */
     { instruction         , 0                   , 0   , 16,
-       0xfc00    , 0xfc00    , &NMD::MOVEP_REV_       , 0,
+       0xfc00    , 0xfc00    , &MOVEP_REV_       , 0,
        XMMS_               },        /* MOVEP[REV] */
 };
 
 
-NMD::Pool NMD::MAJOR[2] = {
+static struct Pool MAJOR[2] = {
     { pool                , P32                 , 32  , 32,
        0x10000000, 0x00000000, 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P32 */
@@ -22396,3 +22130,168 @@ NMD::Pool NMD::MAJOR[2] = {
        0x1000    , 0x1000    , 0                      , 0,
        0x0                 },        /* P16 */
 };
+
+
+/*
+ * Recurse through tables until the instruction is found then return
+ * the string and size
+ *
+ * inputs:
+ *      pointer to a word stream,
+ *      disassember table and size
+ * returns:
+ *      instruction size    - negative is error
+ *      disassembly string  - on error will constain error string
+ */
+static int disassemble(const uint16 *data, char *dis,
+                     TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE *type, const struct Pool *table,
+                     int table_size)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < table_size; i++) {
+        uint64 op_code = extract_op_code_value(data,
+                                table[i].instructions_size);
+        if ((op_code & table[i].mask) == table[i].value) {
+            /* possible match */
+            conditional_function cond = table[i].condition;
+            if ((cond == 0) || cond(op_code)) {
+                if (table[i].type == pool) {
+                    return disassemble(data, dis, type,
+                                            table[i].next_table,
+                                            table[i].next_table_size);
+                } else if ((table[i].type == instruction) ||
+                            (table[i].type == call_instruction) ||
+                            (table[i].type == branch_instruction) ||
+                            (table[i].type == return_instruction)) {
+                    if ((table[i].attributes != 0) &&
+                        (m_requested_instruction_categories &
+                            table[i].attributes) == 0) {
+                        /*
+                         * failed due to instruction having
+                         * an ASE attribute and the requested version
+                         * not having that attribute
+                         */
+                        strcpy(dis, "ASE attribute mismatch");
+                            return -5;
+                        }
+                    disassembly_function dis_fn = table[i].disassembly;
+                    if (dis_fn == 0) {
+                        strcpy(dis, "disassembler failure - bad table entry");
+                        return -6;
+                    }
+                    *type = table[i].type;
+                    strcpy(dis, dis_fn(op_code));
+                    return table[i].instructions_size;
+                } else {
+                    strcpy(dis, "reserved instruction");
+                    return -2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    strcpy(dis, "failed to disassemble");
+    return -1;      /* failed to disassemble */
+}
+
+
+static int nanomips_dis(char *buf,
+                 unsigned address,
+                 unsigned short one,
+                 unsigned short two,
+                 unsigned short three)
+{
+    char disasm[200];
+    uint16 bits[3] = {one, two, three};
+
+    TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE type;
+    m_pc = address;
+    m_requested_instruction_categories = ALL_ATTRIBUTES;
+    int size = disassemble(bits, disasm, &type, MAJOR, 2);
+
+    strcpy(buf, disasm);
+    return size;
+}
+
+int print_insn_nanomips(bfd_vma memaddr, struct disassemble_info *info)
+{
+    int status;
+    bfd_byte buffer[2];
+    uint16_t insn1 = 0, insn2 = 0, insn3 = 0;
+    char buf[200];
+
+    info->bytes_per_chunk = 2;
+    info->display_endian = info->endian;
+    info->insn_info_valid = 1;
+    info->branch_delay_insns = 0;
+    info->data_size = 0;
+    info->insn_type = dis_nonbranch;
+    info->target = 0;
+    info->target2 = 0;
+    disassm_info = info;
+
+    status = (*info->read_memory_func)(memaddr, buffer, 2, info);
+    if (status != 0) {
+        (*info->memory_error_func)(status, memaddr, info);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (info->endian == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG) {
+        insn1 = bfd_getb16(buffer);
+    } else {
+        insn1 = bfd_getl16(buffer);
+    }
+    (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "%04x ", insn1);
+
+    /* Handle 32-bit opcodes.  */
+    if ((insn1 & 0x1000) == 0) {
+        status = (*info->read_memory_func)(memaddr + 2, buffer, 2, info);
+        if (status != 0) {
+            (*info->memory_error_func)(status, memaddr + 2, info);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (info->endian == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG) {
+            insn2 = bfd_getb16(buffer);
+        } else {
+            insn2 = bfd_getl16(buffer);
+        }
+        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "%04x ", insn2);
+    } else {
+        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "     ");
+    }
+    /* Handle 48-bit opcodes.  */
+    if ((insn1 >> 10) == 0x18) {
+        status = (*info->read_memory_func)(memaddr + 4, buffer, 2, info);
+        if (status != 0) {
+            (*info->memory_error_func)(status, memaddr + 4, info);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (info->endian == BFD_ENDIAN_BIG) {
+            insn3 = bfd_getb16(buffer);
+        } else {
+            insn3 = bfd_getl16(buffer);
+        }
+        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "%04x ", insn3);
+    } else {
+        (*info->fprintf_func)(info->stream, "     ");
+    }
+
+    /* Handle runtime errors. */
+    if (setjmp(j_buf) != 0) {
+        info->insn_type = dis_noninsn;
+        return insn3 ? 6 : insn2 ? 4 : 2;
+    }
+
+    int length = nanomips_dis(buf, memaddr, insn1, insn2, insn3);
+
+    /* FIXME: Should probably use a hash table on the major opcode here.  */
+
+    (*info->fprintf_func) (info->stream, "%s", buf);
+    if (length > 0) {
+        return length / 8;
+    }
+
+    info->insn_type = dis_noninsn;
+
+    return insn3 ? 6 : insn2 ? 4 : 2;
+}
diff --git a/disas/nanomips.h b/disas/nanomips.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a0a2225301..0000000000
--- a/disas/nanomips.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1076 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  Header file for nanoMIPS disassembler component of QEMU
- *
- *  Copyright (C) 2018  Wave Computing, Inc.
- *  Copyright (C) 2018  Matthew Fortune <matthew.fortune@mips.com>
- *  Copyright (C) 2018  Aleksandar Markovic <amarkovic@wavecomp.com>
- *
- *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
- *  (at your option) any later version.
- *
- *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- *  GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- *  along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- *
- */
-
-#ifndef DISAS_NANOMIPS_H
-#define DISAS_NANOMIPS_H
-
-#include <string>
-
-typedef int64_t int64;
-typedef uint64_t uint64;
-typedef uint32_t uint32;
-typedef uint16_t uint16;
-
-namespace img
-{
-    typedef uint64_t address;
-}
-
-
-class NMD
-{
-public:
-
-    enum TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE {
-        instruction,
-        call_instruction,
-        branch_instruction,
-        return_instruction,
-        reserved_block,
-        pool,
-    };
-
-    enum TABLE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE {
-        MIPS64_    = 0x00000001,
-        XNP_       = 0x00000002,
-        XMMS_      = 0x00000004,
-        EVA_       = 0x00000008,
-        DSP_       = 0x00000010,
-        MT_        = 0x00000020,
-        EJTAG_     = 0x00000040,
-        TLBINV_    = 0x00000080,
-        CP0_       = 0x00000100,
-        CP1_       = 0x00000200,
-        CP2_       = 0x00000400,
-        UDI_       = 0x00000800,
-        MCU_       = 0x00001000,
-        VZ_        = 0x00002000,
-        TLB_       = 0x00004000,
-        MVH_       = 0x00008000,
-        ALL_ATTRIBUTES = 0xffffffffull,
-    };
-
-
-    NMD(img::address pc, TABLE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE requested_instruction_categories)
-        : m_pc(pc)
-        , m_requested_instruction_categories(requested_instruction_categories)
-    {
-    }
-
-    int Disassemble(const uint16 *data, std::string & dis,
-                    TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE & type);
-
-private:
-
-    img::address           m_pc;
-    TABLE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE   m_requested_instruction_categories;
-
-    typedef std::string(NMD:: *disassembly_function)(uint64 instruction);
-    typedef bool(NMD:: *conditional_function)(uint64 instruction);
-
-    struct Pool {
-        TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE     type;
-        struct Pool          *next_table;
-        int                  next_table_size;
-        int                  instructions_size;
-        uint64               mask;
-        uint64               value;
-        disassembly_function disassembly;
-        conditional_function condition;
-        uint64               attributes;
-    };
-
-    uint64 extract_op_code_value(const uint16 *data, int size);
-    int Disassemble(const uint16 *data, std::string & dis,
-                    TABLE_ENTRY_TYPE & type, const Pool *table, int table_size);
-
-    uint64 renumber_registers(uint64 index, uint64 *register_list,
-                              size_t register_list_size);
-
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr4(uint64 d);
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr4_zero(uint64 d);
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr3(uint64 d);
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr3_src_store(uint64 d);
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr2_reg1(uint64 d);
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr2_reg2(uint64 d);
-    uint64 decode_gpr_gpr1(uint64 d);
-
-    uint64 copy(uint64 d);
-    int64 copy(int64 d);
-    int64 neg_copy(uint64 d);
-    int64 neg_copy(int64 d);
-    uint64 encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_ge_rt3(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_rs3_and_check_rs3_lt_rt3(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_s_from_address(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_u_from_address(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_s_from_s_hi(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_count3_from_count(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_shift3_from_shift(uint64 d);
-    int64 encode_eu_from_s_li16(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_msbd_from_size(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_eu_from_u_andi16(uint64 d);
-
-    uint64 encode_msbd_from_pos_and_size(uint64 d);
-
-    uint64 encode_rt1_from_rt(uint64 d);
-    uint64 encode_lsb_from_pos_and_size(uint64 d);
-
-    std::string save_restore_list(uint64 rt, uint64 count, uint64 gp);
-
-    std::string GPR(uint64 reg);
-    std::string FPR(uint64 reg);
-    std::string AC(uint64 reg);
-    std::string IMMEDIATE(uint64 value);
-    std::string IMMEDIATE(int64 value);
-    std::string CPR(uint64 reg);
-    std::string ADDRESS(uint64 value, int instruction_size);
-
-    int64 extract_s__se3_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se7_0_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_s3(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_s2(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se8_15_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se9_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se10_0_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_s1(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se11_0_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0_s1(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se14_0_13_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se21_0_20_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se25_0_24_to_1_s1(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_s__se31_0_11_to_2_20_to_12_s12(uint64 instruction);
-    int64 extract_shift__se5_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-
-    uint64 extract_ac_15_14(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_bit_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_bit_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_c0s_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_code_17_to_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_code_18_to_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_code_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_code_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_code_25_24_23_22_21_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_cofun_25_24_23(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_count3_14_13_12(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_count_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_count_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_cs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_cs_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_ct_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_eu_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_eu_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_fd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_fs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_ft_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_ft_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_gp_2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_hint_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_hs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_lsb_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_mask_20_19_18_17_16_15_14(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_msbt_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_op_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_op_25_to_3(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rdl_25_24(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rd2_3_8(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rd3_3_2_1(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rd_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rs3_6_5_4(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rs4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rs_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rsz4_4_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rtl_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rt3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rt4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rt_9_8_7_6_5(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rtz3_9_8_7(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rtz4_27_26_25_23_22_21(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_rtz4_9_7_6_5(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_ru_7_6_5_4_3(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_sa_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_sa_15_14_13_12(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_sa_15_14_13(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_sel_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_sel_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shift3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shift_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shift_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shift_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shift_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shiftx_11_10_9_8_7_6(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_shiftx_10_9_8_7__s1(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_size_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_stripe_6(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_stype_20_19_18_17_16(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u2_10_9(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3_2_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_15_to_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_17_to_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_1_0(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_3_2_1_0__s1(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_6_5_4_3_2_1_0__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_31_to_0__s32(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_10(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_17_16_15_14_13_12_11(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_20_19_18_17_16_15_14_13(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_17_to_1__s1(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_2_1__s1(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_17_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_20_to_2__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_20_to_3__s3(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_3_8__s2(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_11_10_9_8_7_6_5_4_3__s3(uint64 instruction);
-    uint64 extract_u_7_6_5_4__s4(uint64 instruction);
-
-    bool ADDIU_32__cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool ADDIU_RS5__cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool BALRSC_cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool BEQC_16__cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool BNEC_16__cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool MOVE_cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool P16_BR1_cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool PREF_S9__cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool PREFE_cond(uint64 instruction);
-    bool SLTU_cond(uint64 instruction);
-
-    std::string ABS_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ABS_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ABSQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ABSQ_S_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ABSQ_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ACLR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADD_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADD_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_GP48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_GP_B_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_GP_W_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_R1_SP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_R2_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIU_RS5_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIUPC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDIUPC_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQ_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQ_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQH_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQH_R_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDQH_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDSC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_4X4_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDU_S_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDUH_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ADDWC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ALUIPC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string AND_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string AND_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ANDI_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ANDI_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string APPEND(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ASET(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BALC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BALC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BALRSC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BBEQZC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BBNEZC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BC1EQZC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BC1NEZC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BC2EQZC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BC2NEZC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BEQC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BEQC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BEQIC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BEQZC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BGEC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BGEIC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BGEIUC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BGEUC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BLTC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BLTIC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BLTIUC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BLTUC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BNEC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BNEC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BNEIC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BNEZC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BPOSGE32C(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BREAK_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BREAK_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string BRSC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CACHE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CACHEE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CEIL_L_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CEIL_L_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CEIL_W_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CEIL_W_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CFC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CFC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CLASS_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CLASS_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CLO(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CLZ(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_AF_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_AF_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_EQ_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_EQ_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_EQ_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_LE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_LE_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_LE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_LT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_LT_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_LT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_NE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_NE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_OR_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_OR_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SAF_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SAF_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SEQ_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SEQ_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SLE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SLE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SLT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SLT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SNE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SNE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SOR_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SOR_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SUEQ_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SUEQ_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SULE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SULE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SULT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SULT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SUN_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SUN_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SUNE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_SUNE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_UEQ_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_UEQ_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_ULE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_ULE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_ULT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_ULT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_UN_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_UN_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_UNE_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMP_UNE_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPGDU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPGDU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPGDU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPGU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPGU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPGU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPU_EQ_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPU_LE_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CMPU_LT_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string COP2_1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CTC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CTC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_D_L(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_D_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_D_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_L_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_L_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_S_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_S_L(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_S_PL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_S_PU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_W_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string CVT_W_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DADDIU_NEG_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DADDIU_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DADD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DADDU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DCLO(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DCLZ(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DDIV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DDIVU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DERET(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DEXTM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DEXT(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DEXTU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DINSM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DINS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DINSU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DIV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DIV_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DIV_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DIVU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DLSA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DLUI_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMFC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMFC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMFC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMFGC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMOD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMODU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMTC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMTC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMTC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMTGC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMT(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMUH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMUHU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMUL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DMULU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPA_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPAX_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPS_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSQ_SA_L_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSQX_SA_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSQX_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSU_H_QBL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSU_H_QBR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DPSX_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DROTR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DROTR32(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DROTRV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DROTX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSLL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSLL32(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSLLV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSRA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSRA32(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSRAV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSRL32(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSRL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSRLV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSUB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DSUBU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DVP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string DVPE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EHB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EMT(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ERET(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ERETNC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EVP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EVPE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXT(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTD32(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTPDP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTPDPV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTPV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTR_RS_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTR_R_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTR_S_H(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTR_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTRV_R_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTRV_RS_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTRV_S_H(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTRV_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string EXTW(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string FLOOR_L_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string FLOOR_L_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string FLOOR_W_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string FLOOR_W_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string FORK(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string HYPCALL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string HYPCALL_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string INS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string INSV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string IRET(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string JALRC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string JALRC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string JALRC_HB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string JRC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LB_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LB_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LB_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LB_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBU_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBU_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBU_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBU_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBUE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBUX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LBX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LD_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LD_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LD_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDC1X(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDC1XS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDPC_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LDXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LH_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LH_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LH_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LH_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHU_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHU_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHU_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHU_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHUE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHUX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHUXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LHXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LI_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LI_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LLD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LLDP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LLE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LLWP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LLWPE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LSA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LUI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_4X4_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWC1X(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWC1XS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_GP16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWPC_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_SP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LW_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWU_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWU_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWU_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWUX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWUXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWXS_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string LWXS_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MADD_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MADDF_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MADDF_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MADDU_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAQ_SA_W_PHL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAQ_SA_W_PHR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAX_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAX_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAXA_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MAXA_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFGC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFHC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFHC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFHC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFHGC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFHTR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MFTR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MIN_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MIN_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MINA_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MINA_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MODSUB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MODU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOV_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOV_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOVE_BALC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOVEP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOVEP_REV_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOVE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOVN(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MOVZ(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MSUB_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MSUBF_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MSUBF_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MSUBU_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTGC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHC1(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHGC0(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHI_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHLIP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTHTR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTLO_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MTTR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUHU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUL_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUL_4X4_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUL_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUL_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUL_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MUL_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULEQ_S_W_PHL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULEQ_S_W_PHR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULEU_S_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULEU_S_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULQ_RS_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULQ_RS_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULQ_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULSA_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULSAQ_S_W_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULT_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULTU_DSP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string MULU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string NEG_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string NEG_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string NOP_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string NOP_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string NOR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string NOT_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string OR_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string OR_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ORI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PACKRL_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PAUSE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PICK_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PICK_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEQ_W_PHL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEQ_W_PHR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEQU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEQU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEQU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEQU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEU_PH_QBL(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEU_PH_QBLA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEU_PH_QBR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECEU_PH_QBRA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECR_QB_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECR_SRA_PH_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECR_SRA_R_PH_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECRQ_PH_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECRQ_QB_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECRQ_RS_PH_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PRECRQU_S_QB_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PREF_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PREF_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PREFE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string PREPEND(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RADDU_W_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RDDSP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RDHWR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RDPGPR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RECIP_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RECIP_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string REPL_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string REPL_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string REPLV_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string REPLV_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RESTORE_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RESTORE_JRC_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RESTORE_JRC_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RESTOREF(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RINT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RINT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROTR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROTRV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROTX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROUND_L_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROUND_L_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROUND_W_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string ROUND_W_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RSQRT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string RSQRT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SAVE_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SAVE_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SAVEF(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SB_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SB_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SB_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SB_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SBE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SBX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SCD(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SCDP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SCE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SCWP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SCWPE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SD_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SD_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SD_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDBBP_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDBBP_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDC1_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDC1_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDC1_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDC1X(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDC1XS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDPC_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SDXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SEB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SEH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SEL_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SEL_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SELEQZ_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SELEQZ_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SELNEZ_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SELNEZ_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SEQI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SH_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SH_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SH_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SH_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHILO(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHILOV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLL_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLL_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLL_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLL_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLLV_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLLV_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLLV_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHLLV_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRA_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRA_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRA_R_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRA_R_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRA_R_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRAV_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRAV_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRAV_R_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRAV_R_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRAV_R_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRL_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRL_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRLV_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHRLV_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SHXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SIGRIE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLL_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLL_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLLV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLT(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLTI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLTIU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SLTU(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SOV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SPECIAL2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SQRT_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SQRT_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SRA(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SRAV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SRL_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SRL_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SRLV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUB_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUB_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQ_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQ_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQ_S_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQH_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQH_R_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQH_R_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBQH_W(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBU_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBU_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBU_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBU_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBU_S_PH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBU_S_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBUH_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SUBUH_R_QB(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_4X4_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_GP16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_SP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SW_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWC1_GP_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWC1_S9_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWC1_U12_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWC1X(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWC1XS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWC2(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWPC_48_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWX(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SWXS(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SYNC(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SYNCI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SYNCIE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SYSCALL_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string SYSCALL_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TEQ(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBGINV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBGINVF(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBGP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBGR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBGWI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBGWR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBINV(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBINVF(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBWI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TLBWR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TNE(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TRUNC_L_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TRUNC_L_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TRUNC_W_D(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string TRUNC_W_S(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UALDM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UALH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UALWM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UASDM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UASH(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UASWM(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string UDI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string WAIT(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string WRDSP(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string WRPGPR(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string XOR_16_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string XOR_32_(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string XORI(uint64 instruction);
-    std::string YIELD(uint64 instruction);
-
-    static Pool P_SYSCALL[2];
-    static Pool P_RI[4];
-    static Pool P_ADDIU[2];
-    static Pool P_TRAP[2];
-    static Pool P_CMOVE[2];
-    static Pool P_D_MT_VPE[2];
-    static Pool P_E_MT_VPE[2];
-    static Pool _P_MT_VPE[2];
-    static Pool P_MT_VPE[8];
-    static Pool P_DVP[2];
-    static Pool P_SLTU[2];
-    static Pool _POOL32A0[128];
-    static Pool ADDQ__S__PH[2];
-    static Pool MUL__S__PH[2];
-    static Pool ADDQH__R__PH[2];
-    static Pool ADDQH__R__W[2];
-    static Pool ADDU__S__QB[2];
-    static Pool ADDU__S__PH[2];
-    static Pool ADDUH__R__QB[2];
-    static Pool SHRAV__R__PH[2];
-    static Pool SHRAV__R__QB[2];
-    static Pool SUBQ__S__PH[2];
-    static Pool SUBQH__R__PH[2];
-    static Pool SUBQH__R__W[2];
-    static Pool SUBU__S__QB[2];
-    static Pool SUBU__S__PH[2];
-    static Pool SHRA__R__PH[2];
-    static Pool SUBUH__R__QB[2];
-    static Pool SHLLV__S__PH[2];
-    static Pool SHLL__S__PH[4];
-    static Pool PRECR_SRA__R__PH_W[2];
-    static Pool _POOL32A5[128];
-    static Pool PP_LSX[16];
-    static Pool PP_LSXS[16];
-    static Pool P_LSX[2];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1_0[4];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1_1[4];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1_3[4];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1_4[2];
-    static Pool MAQ_S_A__W_PHR[2];
-    static Pool MAQ_S_A__W_PHL[2];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1_5[2];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1_7[4];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_1[8];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__0_7[8];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__8_15[8];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__16_23[8];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_2_DSP__24_31[8];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_2[4];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_4[128];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_5_group0[32];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_5_group1[32];
-    static Pool ERETx[2];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_5_group3[32];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_5[4];
-    static Pool SHRA__R__QB[2];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf_7[8];
-    static Pool POOL32Axf[8];
-    static Pool _POOL32A7[8];
-    static Pool P32A[8];
-    static Pool P_GP_D[2];
-    static Pool P_GP_W[4];
-    static Pool POOL48I[32];
-    static Pool PP_SR[4];
-    static Pool P_SR_F[8];
-    static Pool P_SR[2];
-    static Pool P_SLL[5];
-    static Pool P_SHIFT[16];
-    static Pool P_ROTX[4];
-    static Pool P_INS[4];
-    static Pool P_EXT[4];
-    static Pool P_U12[16];
-    static Pool RINT_fmt[2];
-    static Pool ADD_fmt0[2];
-    static Pool SELEQZ_fmt[2];
-    static Pool CLASS_fmt[2];
-    static Pool SUB_fmt0[2];
-    static Pool SELNEZ_fmt[2];
-    static Pool MUL_fmt0[2];
-    static Pool SEL_fmt[2];
-    static Pool DIV_fmt0[2];
-    static Pool ADD_fmt1[2];
-    static Pool SUB_fmt1[2];
-    static Pool MUL_fmt1[2];
-    static Pool MADDF_fmt[2];
-    static Pool DIV_fmt1[2];
-    static Pool MSUBF_fmt[2];
-    static Pool POOL32F_0[64];
-    static Pool MIN_fmt[2];
-    static Pool MAX_fmt[2];
-    static Pool MINA_fmt[2];
-    static Pool MAXA_fmt[2];
-    static Pool CVT_L_fmt[2];
-    static Pool RSQRT_fmt[2];
-    static Pool FLOOR_L_fmt[2];
-    static Pool CVT_W_fmt[2];
-    static Pool SQRT_fmt[2];
-    static Pool FLOOR_W_fmt[2];
-    static Pool RECIP_fmt[2];
-    static Pool CEIL_L_fmt[2];
-    static Pool CEIL_W_fmt[2];
-    static Pool TRUNC_L_fmt[2];
-    static Pool TRUNC_W_fmt[2];
-    static Pool ROUND_L_fmt[2];
-    static Pool ROUND_W_fmt[2];
-    static Pool POOL32Fxf_0[64];
-    static Pool MOV_fmt[4];
-    static Pool ABS_fmt[4];
-    static Pool NEG_fmt[4];
-    static Pool CVT_D_fmt[4];
-    static Pool CVT_S_fmt[4];
-    static Pool POOL32Fxf_1[32];
-    static Pool POOL32Fxf[4];
-    static Pool POOL32F_3[8];
-    static Pool CMP_condn_S[32];
-    static Pool CMP_condn_D[32];
-    static Pool POOL32F_5[8];
-    static Pool POOL32F[8];
-    static Pool POOL32S_0[64];
-    static Pool POOL32Sxf_4[128];
-    static Pool POOL32Sxf[8];
-    static Pool POOL32S_4[8];
-    static Pool POOL32S[8];
-    static Pool P_LUI[2];
-    static Pool P_GP_LH[2];
-    static Pool P_GP_SH[2];
-    static Pool P_GP_CP1[4];
-    static Pool P_GP_M64[4];
-    static Pool P_GP_BH[8];
-    static Pool P_LS_U12[16];
-    static Pool P_PREF_S9_[2];
-    static Pool P_LS_S0[16];
-    static Pool ASET_ACLR[2];
-    static Pool P_LL[4];
-    static Pool P_SC[4];
-    static Pool P_LLD[8];
-    static Pool P_SCD[8];
-    static Pool P_LS_S1[16];
-    static Pool P_PREFE[2];
-    static Pool P_LLE[4];
-    static Pool P_SCE[4];
-    static Pool P_LS_E0[16];
-    static Pool P_LS_WM[2];
-    static Pool P_LS_UAWM[2];
-    static Pool P_LS_DM[2];
-    static Pool P_LS_UADM[2];
-    static Pool P_LS_S9[8];
-    static Pool P_BAL[2];
-    static Pool P_BALRSC[2];
-    static Pool P_J[16];
-    static Pool P_BR3A[32];
-    static Pool P_BR1[4];
-    static Pool P_BR2[4];
-    static Pool P_BRI[8];
-    static Pool P32[32];
-    static Pool P16_SYSCALL[2];
-    static Pool P16_RI[4];
-    static Pool P16_MV[2];
-    static Pool P16_SHIFT[2];
-    static Pool POOL16C_00[4];
-    static Pool POOL16C_0[2];
-    static Pool P16C[2];
-    static Pool P16_A1[2];
-    static Pool P_ADDIU_RS5_[2];
-    static Pool P16_A2[2];
-    static Pool P16_ADDU[2];
-    static Pool P16_JRC[2];
-    static Pool P16_BR1[2];
-    static Pool P16_BR[2];
-    static Pool P16_SR[2];
-    static Pool P16_4X4[4];
-    static Pool P16_LB[4];
-    static Pool P16_LH[4];
-    static Pool P16[32];
-    static Pool MAJOR[2];
-
-};
-
-#endif
-- 
2.25.1
Re: [PATCH] disas/nanomips: Convert nanoMIPS disassembler to C
Posted by Peter Maydell 1 year, 9 months ago
On Fri, 29 Jul 2022 at 15:13, Milica Lazarevic
<milica.lazarevic@syrmia.com> wrote:
>
> C++ features like class, exception handling and function overloading
> have been removed and replaced with equivalent C code.
>
> Signed-off-by: Milica Lazarevic <milica.lazarevic@syrmia.com>
> ---
> Please see the discussion about why converting it here:
> https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2022-06/msg01803.html
>
> The validity of the disassembler after refactoring has been tested with
> the QEMU emulator version 6.0.1. With the most recent version, there is a
> problem with the executing nanoMIPS programs in the semihosting mode. The
> issue is reported here: https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/1126
> We're currently working on fixing this.
>
>  disas/meson.build                  |    2 +-
>  disas/{nanomips.cpp => nanomips.c} | 8407 ++++++++++++++--------------
>  disas/nanomips.h                   | 1076 ----
>  3 files changed, 4154 insertions(+), 5331 deletions(-)
>  rename disas/{nanomips.cpp => nanomips.c} (73%)
>  delete mode 100644 disas/nanomips.h

Is it possible to break this down into smaller pieces so it isn't
one single enormous 5000 line patch ?

I guess partial conversion is likely to run into compilation
difficulties mid-series; if so we could do "disable the
disassembler; convert it; reenable it".

The rationale here is code review -- reviewing a single huge
patch is essentially impossible, so it needs to be broken
down into coherent smaller pieces to be reviewable.

thanks
-- PMM
RE: [PATCH] disas/nanomips: Convert nanoMIPS disassembler to C
Posted by Vince Del Vecchio via 1 year, 9 months ago
On Fri, 29 Jul 2022 at 10:18, Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> wrote:
> ...
> Is it possible to break this down into smaller pieces so it isn't one single enormous 5000 line patch ?
> 
> I guess partial conversion is likely to run into compilation difficulties mid-series; if so we could do "disable the disassembler; convert it; reenable it".
> 
> The rationale here is code review -- reviewing a single huge patch is essentially impossible, so it needs to be broken down into coherent smaller pieces to be reviewable.

Hi Peter,

Something like 90% of the patch is purely mechanical transformations of which I've excerpted two examples below.  (There are 3-4 chunks of mechanical transformations, of which I've shown the most complicated type that accounts for ~60% of the changed lines.)  Did you intend to review this by having a human inspect all of these?

Would it be feasible instead to provide a sed script to effect the mechanical parts of the patch (the reviewer could review the script, apply it themselves to verify equivalence if desired, and spot check the result) together with a (much smaller) non-mechanical diff?

-Vince


@@ -2004,17 +1740,17 @@ std::string NMD::ADD_S(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_25_24_23_22_21(instruction);
     uint64 rs_value = extract_rs_20_19_18_17_16(instruction);
     uint64 u_value = extract_u_15_to_0(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string rs = GPR(copy(rs_value));
-    std::string u = IMMEDIATE(copy(u_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *rs = GPR(copy_ui(rs_value));
+    const char *u = IMMEDIATE_UI(copy_ui(u_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s, %s", rt, rs, u);
 }
 
 
@@ -2027,15 +1763,15 @@ std::string NMD::ADDIU_32_(uint64 instruction)
  *     rt -----
  *          rs -----
  */
-std::string NMD::ADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
+static char *ADDIU_48_(uint64 instruction)
 {
     uint64 rt_value = extract_rt_41_40_39_38_37(instruction);
     int64 s_value = extract_s__se31_15_to_0_31_to_16(instruction);
 
-    std::string rt = GPR(copy(rt_value));
-    std::string s = IMMEDIATE(copy(s_value));
+    const char *rt = GPR(copy_ui(rt_value));
+    const char *s = IMMEDIATE_I(copy_i(s_value));
 
-    return img::format("ADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
+    return img_format("ADDIU %s, %s", rt, s);
 }
 
Re: [PATCH] disas/nanomips: Convert nanoMIPS disassembler to C
Posted by Peter Maydell 1 year, 9 months ago
On Mon, 1 Aug 2022 at 04:18, Vince Del Vecchio
<Vince.DelVecchio@mediatek.com> wrote:
>
> On Fri, 29 Jul 2022 at 10:18, Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org> wrote:
> > ...
> > Is it possible to break this down into smaller pieces so it isn't one single enormous 5000 line patch ?
> >
> > I guess partial conversion is likely to run into compilation difficulties mid-series; if so we could do "disable the disassembler; convert it; reenable it".
> >
> > The rationale here is code review -- reviewing a single huge patch is essentially impossible, so it needs to be broken down into coherent smaller pieces to be reviewable.

> Something like 90% of the patch is purely mechanical transformations of which I've excerpted two examples below.  (There are 3-4 chunks of mechanical transformations, of which I've shown the most complicated type that accounts for ~60% of the changed lines.)  Did you intend to review this by having a human inspect all of these?

If they're mechanical transformations then:
 * the commit message should say what the mechanical transformation is
   (ie quote the sed script or other mechanism used to create the commit)
 * where sensible, different transformations should be in different
   commits
 * the hand-implemented parts should be separate

And yes, review means human inspection. You need to make that
human inspection easy by separating out the stuff that is
"just change std::string to const char *" so that the human can
do a 30-second skim over that patch, and spend the time on
the patch containing the stuff that's more complicated.

-- PMM