From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com>
Currently any client which can complete the TLS handshake is able to use
the NBD server. The server admin can turn on the 'verify-peer' option
for the x509 creds to require the client to provide a x509 certificate.
This means the client will have to acquire a certificate from the CA
before they are permitted to use the NBD server. This is still a fairly
low bar to cross.
This adds a '--tls-authz OBJECT-ID' option to the qemu-nbd command which
takes the ID of a previously added 'QAuthZ' object instance. This will
be used to validate the client's x509 distinguished name. Clients
failing the authorization check will not be permitted to use the NBD
server.
For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client
whose x509 certificate distinguished name is
CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
use:
qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\
endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \
--object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\
O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \
--tls-creds tls0 \
--tls-authz authz0
....other qemu-nbd args...
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
---
include/block/nbd.h | 2 +-
nbd/server.c | 10 +++++-----
qemu-nbd.c | 13 ++++++++++++-
qemu-nbd.texi | 4 ++++
4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/block/nbd.h b/include/block/nbd.h
index fcdcd54502..80ea9d240c 100644
--- a/include/block/nbd.h
+++ b/include/block/nbd.h
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void nbd_export_close_all(void);
void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
- const char *tlsaclname,
+ const char *tlsauthz,
void (*close_fn)(NBDClient *, bool));
void nbd_client_get(NBDClient *client);
void nbd_client_put(NBDClient *client);
diff --git a/nbd/server.c b/nbd/server.c
index 9e1f227178..4f10f08dc0 100644
--- a/nbd/server.c
+++ b/nbd/server.c
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ struct NBDClient {
NBDExport *exp;
QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
- char *tlsaclname;
+ char *tlsauthz;
QIOChannelSocket *sioc; /* The underlying data channel */
QIOChannel *ioc; /* The current I/O channel which may differ (eg TLS) */
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ static QIOChannel *nbd_negotiate_handle_starttls(NBDClient *client,
tioc = qio_channel_tls_new_server(ioc,
client->tlscreds,
- client->tlsaclname,
+ client->tlsauthz,
errp);
if (!tioc) {
return NULL;
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ void nbd_client_put(NBDClient *client)
if (client->tlscreds) {
object_unref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
}
- g_free(client->tlsaclname);
+ g_free(client->tlsauthz);
if (client->exp) {
QTAILQ_REMOVE(&client->exp->clients, client, next);
nbd_export_put(client->exp);
@@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@ static coroutine_fn void nbd_co_client_start(void *opaque)
void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
- const char *tlsaclname,
+ const char *tlsauthz,
void (*close_fn)(NBDClient *, bool))
{
NBDClient *client;
@@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
if (tlscreds) {
object_ref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
}
- client->tlsaclname = g_strdup(tlsaclname);
+ client->tlsauthz = g_strdup(tlsauthz);
client->sioc = sioc;
object_ref(OBJECT(client->sioc));
client->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(sioc);
diff --git a/qemu-nbd.c b/qemu-nbd.c
index 51b9d38c72..c0c9c805c0 100644
--- a/qemu-nbd.c
+++ b/qemu-nbd.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
#define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS 261
#define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS 262
#define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK 263
+#define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ 264
#define MBR_SIZE 512
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ static int shared = 1;
static int nb_fds;
static QIONetListener *server;
static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
+static const char *tlsauthz;
static void usage(const char *name)
{
@@ -355,7 +357,7 @@ static void nbd_accept(QIONetListener *listener, QIOChannelSocket *cioc,
nb_fds++;
nbd_update_server_watch();
nbd_client_new(newproto ? NULL : exp, cioc,
- tlscreds, NULL, nbd_client_closed);
+ tlscreds, tlsauthz, nbd_client_closed);
}
static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
@@ -533,6 +535,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
{ "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
{ "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
{ "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
+ { "tls-authz", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ },
{ NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
};
int ch;
@@ -755,6 +758,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
g_free(trace_file);
trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
break;
+ case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ:
+ tlsauthz = optarg;
+ break;
case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
fork_process = true;
break;
@@ -819,6 +825,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
error_get_pretty(local_err));
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
+ } else {
+ if (tlsauthz) {
+ error_report("--tls-authz is not permitted without --tls-creds");
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
}
if (disconnect) {
diff --git a/qemu-nbd.texi b/qemu-nbd.texi
index 9a84e81eed..7f9503cf05 100644
--- a/qemu-nbd.texi
+++ b/qemu-nbd.texi
@@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ of the TLS credentials object previously created with the --object
option.
@item --fork
Fork off the server process and exit the parent once the server is running.
+@item --tls-authz=ID
+Specify the ID of a qauthz object previously created with the
+--object option. This will be used to authorize connecting users
+against their x509 distinguished name.
@item -v, --verbose
Display extra debugging information
@item -h, --help
--
2.17.0
On 06/20/2018 07:14 AM, Daniel P. Berrangé wrote: > From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com> > > Currently any client which can complete the TLS handshake is able to use > the NBD server. The server admin can turn on the 'verify-peer' option > for the x509 creds to require the client to provide a x509 certificate. > This means the client will have to acquire a certificate from the CA > before they are permitted to use the NBD server. This is still a fairly > low bar to cross. > > This adds a '--tls-authz OBJECT-ID' option to the qemu-nbd command which > takes the ID of a previously added 'QAuthZ' object instance. This will > be used to validate the client's x509 distinguished name. Clients > failing the authorization check will not be permitted to use the NBD > server. > > For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client > whose x509 certificate distinguished name is > > CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB Is the space in O= intentional? > > use: > > qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\ > endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ > --object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\ > O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \ you need shell quoting to preserve the space. Also, the indentation breaks the intent that these long lines are single arguments, not separate arguments. > --tls-creds tls0 \ > --tls-authz authz0 > ....other qemu-nbd args... Is it also worth a sample command line using JSON syntax? > > Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> > --- > include/block/nbd.h | 2 +- > nbd/server.c | 10 +++++----- > qemu-nbd.c | 13 ++++++++++++- > qemu-nbd.texi | 4 ++++ > 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) > Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> -- Eric Blake, Principal Software Engineer Red Hat, Inc. +1-919-301-3266 Virtualization: qemu.org | libvirt.org
On Wed, Jun 20, 2018 at 08:58:40AM -0500, Eric Blake wrote: > On 06/20/2018 07:14 AM, Daniel P. Berrangé wrote: > > From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com> > > > > Currently any client which can complete the TLS handshake is able to use > > the NBD server. The server admin can turn on the 'verify-peer' option > > for the x509 creds to require the client to provide a x509 certificate. > > This means the client will have to acquire a certificate from the CA > > before they are permitted to use the NBD server. This is still a fairly > > low bar to cross. > > > > This adds a '--tls-authz OBJECT-ID' option to the qemu-nbd command which > > takes the ID of a previously added 'QAuthZ' object instance. This will > > be used to validate the client's x509 distinguished name. Clients > > failing the authorization check will not be permitted to use the NBD > > server. > > > > For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client > > whose x509 certificate distinguished name is > > > > CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB > > Is the space in O= intentional? Yes it really does have a space, though perhaps for sake of illustration I'll remove the space. > > > > > use: > > > > qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\ > > endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ > > --object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\ > > O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \ > > you need shell quoting to preserve the space. Also, the indentation breaks > the intent that these long lines are single arguments, not separate > arguments. Yeah I'll definitely remove the space, because it just makes this more confusing than needed. I know the \ isn't really supposed to separate args, but I don't see a nicer way to format it for a commit message while respecting line length. I figured people would understand what I meant, but the fact that I've indented the second line to vertically align. > > > --tls-creds tls0 \ > > --tls-authz authz0 > > ....other qemu-nbd args... > > Is it also worth a sample command line using JSON syntax? Probably overkill for the commit message IMHO. > > > > > Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com> > > --- > > include/block/nbd.h | 2 +- > > nbd/server.c | 10 +++++----- > > qemu-nbd.c | 13 ++++++++++++- > > qemu-nbd.texi | 4 ++++ > > 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) > > > > Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> > > -- > Eric Blake, Principal Software Engineer > Red Hat, Inc. +1-919-301-3266 > Virtualization: qemu.org | libvirt.org Regards, Daniel -- |: https://berrange.com -o- https://www.flickr.com/photos/dberrange :| |: https://libvirt.org -o- https://fstop138.berrange.com :| |: https://entangle-photo.org -o- https://www.instagram.com/dberrange :|
* Daniel P. Berrangé (berrange@redhat.com) wrote:
> From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com>
>
> Currently any client which can complete the TLS handshake is able to use
> the NBD server. The server admin can turn on the 'verify-peer' option
> for the x509 creds to require the client to provide a x509 certificate.
> This means the client will have to acquire a certificate from the CA
> before they are permitted to use the NBD server. This is still a fairly
> low bar to cross.
>
> This adds a '--tls-authz OBJECT-ID' option to the qemu-nbd command which
> takes the ID of a previously added 'QAuthZ' object instance. This will
> be used to validate the client's x509 distinguished name. Clients
> failing the authorization check will not be permitted to use the NBD
> server.
>
> For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client
> whose x509 certificate distinguished name is
>
> CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB
>
> use:
>
> qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\
> endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \
> --object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\
> O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \
I'm confused about how that gets parsed, what differentiates the ,s
that separate the arguments (e.g. ,id= ,identity=) and the ,s that
separate the options within the identity string (e.g. the ,ST=London)
Would:
--object authz-simple,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB,id=auth0
be equivalent?
Dave
> --tls-creds tls0 \
> --tls-authz authz0
> ....other qemu-nbd args...
>
> Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrange <berrange@redhat.com>
> ---
> include/block/nbd.h | 2 +-
> nbd/server.c | 10 +++++-----
> qemu-nbd.c | 13 ++++++++++++-
> qemu-nbd.texi | 4 ++++
> 4 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/include/block/nbd.h b/include/block/nbd.h
> index fcdcd54502..80ea9d240c 100644
> --- a/include/block/nbd.h
> +++ b/include/block/nbd.h
> @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void nbd_export_close_all(void);
> void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
> QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
> QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
> - const char *tlsaclname,
> + const char *tlsauthz,
> void (*close_fn)(NBDClient *, bool));
> void nbd_client_get(NBDClient *client);
> void nbd_client_put(NBDClient *client);
> diff --git a/nbd/server.c b/nbd/server.c
> index 9e1f227178..4f10f08dc0 100644
> --- a/nbd/server.c
> +++ b/nbd/server.c
> @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ struct NBDClient {
>
> NBDExport *exp;
> QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
> - char *tlsaclname;
> + char *tlsauthz;
> QIOChannelSocket *sioc; /* The underlying data channel */
> QIOChannel *ioc; /* The current I/O channel which may differ (eg TLS) */
>
> @@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ static QIOChannel *nbd_negotiate_handle_starttls(NBDClient *client,
>
> tioc = qio_channel_tls_new_server(ioc,
> client->tlscreds,
> - client->tlsaclname,
> + client->tlsauthz,
> errp);
> if (!tioc) {
> return NULL;
> @@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ void nbd_client_put(NBDClient *client)
> if (client->tlscreds) {
> object_unref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
> }
> - g_free(client->tlsaclname);
> + g_free(client->tlsauthz);
> if (client->exp) {
> QTAILQ_REMOVE(&client->exp->clients, client, next);
> nbd_export_put(client->exp);
> @@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@ static coroutine_fn void nbd_co_client_start(void *opaque)
> void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
> QIOChannelSocket *sioc,
> QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds,
> - const char *tlsaclname,
> + const char *tlsauthz,
> void (*close_fn)(NBDClient *, bool))
> {
> NBDClient *client;
> @@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ void nbd_client_new(NBDExport *exp,
> if (tlscreds) {
> object_ref(OBJECT(client->tlscreds));
> }
> - client->tlsaclname = g_strdup(tlsaclname);
> + client->tlsauthz = g_strdup(tlsauthz);
> client->sioc = sioc;
> object_ref(OBJECT(client->sioc));
> client->ioc = QIO_CHANNEL(sioc);
> diff --git a/qemu-nbd.c b/qemu-nbd.c
> index 51b9d38c72..c0c9c805c0 100644
> --- a/qemu-nbd.c
> +++ b/qemu-nbd.c
> @@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
> #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSCREDS 261
> #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS 262
> #define QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK 263
> +#define QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ 264
>
> #define MBR_SIZE 512
>
> @@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ static int shared = 1;
> static int nb_fds;
> static QIONetListener *server;
> static QCryptoTLSCreds *tlscreds;
> +static const char *tlsauthz;
>
> static void usage(const char *name)
> {
> @@ -355,7 +357,7 @@ static void nbd_accept(QIONetListener *listener, QIOChannelSocket *cioc,
> nb_fds++;
> nbd_update_server_watch();
> nbd_client_new(newproto ? NULL : exp, cioc,
> - tlscreds, NULL, nbd_client_closed);
> + tlscreds, tlsauthz, nbd_client_closed);
> }
>
> static void nbd_update_server_watch(void)
> @@ -533,6 +535,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_IMAGE_OPTS },
> { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
> { "fork", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK },
> + { "tls-authz", no_argument, NULL, QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ },
> { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
> };
> int ch;
> @@ -755,6 +758,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> g_free(trace_file);
> trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
> break;
> + case QEMU_NBD_OPT_TLSAUTHZ:
> + tlsauthz = optarg;
> + break;
> case QEMU_NBD_OPT_FORK:
> fork_process = true;
> break;
> @@ -819,6 +825,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
> error_get_pretty(local_err));
> exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> }
> + } else {
> + if (tlsauthz) {
> + error_report("--tls-authz is not permitted without --tls-creds");
> + exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
> + }
> }
>
> if (disconnect) {
> diff --git a/qemu-nbd.texi b/qemu-nbd.texi
> index 9a84e81eed..7f9503cf05 100644
> --- a/qemu-nbd.texi
> +++ b/qemu-nbd.texi
> @@ -91,6 +91,10 @@ of the TLS credentials object previously created with the --object
> option.
> @item --fork
> Fork off the server process and exit the parent once the server is running.
> +@item --tls-authz=ID
> +Specify the ID of a qauthz object previously created with the
> +--object option. This will be used to authorize connecting users
> +against their x509 distinguished name.
> @item -v, --verbose
> Display extra debugging information
> @item -h, --help
> --
> 2.17.0
>
--
Dr. David Alan Gilbert / dgilbert@redhat.com / Manchester, UK
On Wed, Jun 20, 2018 at 03:22:53PM +0100, Dr. David Alan Gilbert wrote: > * Daniel P. Berrangé (berrange@redhat.com) wrote: > > From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com> > > > > Currently any client which can complete the TLS handshake is able to use > > the NBD server. The server admin can turn on the 'verify-peer' option > > for the x509 creds to require the client to provide a x509 certificate. > > This means the client will have to acquire a certificate from the CA > > before they are permitted to use the NBD server. This is still a fairly > > low bar to cross. > > > > This adds a '--tls-authz OBJECT-ID' option to the qemu-nbd command which > > takes the ID of a previously added 'QAuthZ' object instance. This will > > be used to validate the client's x509 distinguished name. Clients > > failing the authorization check will not be permitted to use the NBD > > server. > > > > For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client > > whose x509 certificate distinguished name is > > > > CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB > > > > use: > > > > qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\ > > endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ > > --object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\ > > O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \ > > I'm confused about how that gets parsed, what differentiates the ,s > that separate the arguments (e.g. ,id= ,identity=) and the ,s that > separate the options within the identity string (e.g. the ,ST=London) That's why I've doubled up - eg ',,' must be used when you need to include a literal ',' in a value without it being interpreted as starting a new option > Would: > --object authz-simple,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB,id=auth0 > > be equivalent? Yes Regards, Daniel -- |: https://berrange.com -o- https://www.flickr.com/photos/dberrange :| |: https://libvirt.org -o- https://fstop138.berrange.com :| |: https://entangle-photo.org -o- https://www.instagram.com/dberrange :|
* Daniel P. Berrangé (berrange@redhat.com) wrote: > On Wed, Jun 20, 2018 at 03:22:53PM +0100, Dr. David Alan Gilbert wrote: > > * Daniel P. Berrangé (berrange@redhat.com) wrote: > > > From: "Daniel P. Berrange" <berrange@redhat.com> > > > > > > Currently any client which can complete the TLS handshake is able to use > > > the NBD server. The server admin can turn on the 'verify-peer' option > > > for the x509 creds to require the client to provide a x509 certificate. > > > This means the client will have to acquire a certificate from the CA > > > before they are permitted to use the NBD server. This is still a fairly > > > low bar to cross. > > > > > > This adds a '--tls-authz OBJECT-ID' option to the qemu-nbd command which > > > takes the ID of a previously added 'QAuthZ' object instance. This will > > > be used to validate the client's x509 distinguished name. Clients > > > failing the authorization check will not be permitted to use the NBD > > > server. > > > > > > For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client > > > whose x509 certificate distinguished name is > > > > > > CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB > > > > > > use: > > > > > > qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\ > > > endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ > > > --object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\ > > > O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \ > > > > I'm confused about how that gets parsed, what differentiates the ,s > > that separate the arguments (e.g. ,id= ,identity=) and the ,s that > > separate the options within the identity string (e.g. the ,ST=London) > > That's why I've doubled up - eg ',,' must be used when you need to > include a literal ',' in a value without it being interpreted as > starting a new option OK, yeh I forgot about the obscure double-comma rule. > > Would: > > --object authz-simple,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB,id=auth0 > > > > be equivalent? > > Yes OK. Dave > > > Regards, > Daniel > -- > |: https://berrange.com -o- https://www.flickr.com/photos/dberrange :| > |: https://libvirt.org -o- https://fstop138.berrange.com :| > |: https://entangle-photo.org -o- https://www.instagram.com/dberrange :| -- Dr. David Alan Gilbert / dgilbert@redhat.com / Manchester, UK
On 06/20/2018 09:22 AM, Dr. David Alan Gilbert wrote: >> For example to setup authorization that only allows connection from a client >> whose x509 certificate distinguished name is >> >> CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB >> >> use: >> >> qemu-nbd --object tls-creds-x509,id=tls0,dir=/home/berrange/qemutls,\ >> endpoint=server,verify-peer=yes \ >> --object authz-simple,id=auth0,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,\ >> O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB \ > > I'm confused about how that gets parsed, what differentiates the ,s > that separate the arguments (e.g. ,id= ,identity=) and the ,s that > separate the options within the identity string (e.g. the ,ST=London) > Would: > --object authz-simple,identity=CN=laptop.example.com,,O=Example Org,,L=London,,ST=London,,C=GB,id=auth0 > > be equivalent? Yes, once you take care of quoting the space and unfolding indentation. Our standard QemuOpt parser treats ',,' as a literal comma, and all other ',' as separating args. So either form is ultimately parsed as: --object [type=]"authz-simple" id="auth0" identity="CN=laptop.example.com,O=Example Org,L=London,ST=London,C=GB" -- Eric Blake, Principal Software Engineer Red Hat, Inc. +1-919-301-3266 Virtualization: qemu.org | libvirt.org
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