From nobody Fri Dec 19 20:32:37 2025 Received: from mslow3.mail.gandi.net (mslow3.mail.gandi.net [217.70.178.249]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id A13CB333446; Thu, 18 Dec 2025 12:50:18 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=217.70.178.249 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1766062221; cv=none; b=P9W2RheDQWvJt12KGA5p8qu+Zzuy8Ai/AmwZs0FG9Kbtc6pJgZN7efmR0R5bHtnVrVyOeRxrYAe/LWFeTDY4Pk07lnwMI57xq33Z89Vw7BxelHOHJyD6fGpyWEABdWgvc6LRKVsVLnAW2JMzhLtyEZDqUCVe6w8Vt5sOn/j4+4g= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1766062221; c=relaxed/simple; bh=3ZGjq7izSi8TdD53HqrPyBX9wTkMq/qYEyjGMBX4Gvg=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:Message-ID:In-Reply-To:References: MIME-Version:Content-Type; b=R0Mhpes0AWtbQPLcCRKeXFrIlBaGtYICxrzTBQQjbns8b3SFLy1nFmQLUOU9Yrk9SfP3V4zGSJUoBINNPFkzQNELqDgkLvB5rJqWkCHaX6bbBVsSxq+vOlCo2D19YDYl9rvegGNSmerVcKmutnrTZG+BAYfEXVM5jf+D/R1DzHc= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=none (p=none dis=none) header.from=gtucker.io; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=gtucker.io; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=gtucker.io header.i=@gtucker.io header.b=QPLTg87i; arc=none smtp.client-ip=217.70.178.249 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=none (p=none dis=none) header.from=gtucker.io Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=gtucker.io Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=gtucker.io header.i=@gtucker.io header.b="QPLTg87i" Received: from relay4-d.mail.gandi.net (relay4-d.mail.gandi.net [217.70.183.196]) by mslow3.mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id DD9C45813A6; Thu, 18 Dec 2025 12:50:16 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 53CC3443C9; Thu, 18 Dec 2025 12:50:07 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gtucker.io; s=gm1; t=1766062208; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=0eh6FrWYE/omJJYRQ5m1L6v7R/FZOmO9HIkQ9NsmlNE=; b=QPLTg87iRsw4gOD5Rtj8DTAYVOQ6I8pmO9UAxmLmznQ2pkDkWu5FY5eg/B4XR4gtnUq+Ra BvEuh3ZLUSZNKJ3nocNOOu1PJoEOkqEifICM6B35HKYHvILV6MVEg/rhdOG6f9o2lcoJwl SKdcvM4TmNjUPmz4Kc38biXYMJQQlI61X86eFD5etIv6Cg/BL3syGe5PebUjlNwv8ZKtYC jaqEzTN34/xlPDoHe5E5XxsHFtUL7elaZc8TGH1vFQ5cJhvp4vu7GgHjNzSLAHr3ferXIG Hl5irLvGsjgkdxcjwIwgzASdQtpfzsbMmDen3JnH7r7KgQ4kPQflimqordXiCQ== From: Guillaume Tucker To: Nathan Chancellor , Miguel Ojeda , David Gow , =?UTF-8?q?Onur=20=C3=96zkan?= Cc: Guillaume Tucker , Arnd Bergmann , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, rust-for-linux@vger.kernel.org, linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org, automated-testing@lists.yoctoproject.org, workflows@vger.kernel.org, llvm@lists.linux.dev Subject: [PATCH v2 1/2] scripts: add tool to run containerized builds Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 13:49:52 +0100 Message-ID: <35b951506304b141047812f516fa946a4f1549a1.1766061692.git.gtucker@gtucker.io> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.47.3 In-Reply-To: References: Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-GND-Sasl: gtucker@gtucker.io X-GND-State: clean X-GND-Score: -100 X-GND-Cause: gggruggvucftvghtrhhoucdtuddrgeefgedrtddtgdegheegjecutefuodetggdotefrodftvfcurfhrohhfihhlvgemucfitefpfffkpdcuggftfghnshhusghstghrihgsvgenuceurghilhhouhhtmecufedtudenucesvcftvggtihhpihgvnhhtshculddquddttddmnecujfgurhephffvvefufffkofgjfhggtgfgsehtkeertdertdejnecuhfhrohhmpefiuhhilhhlrghumhgvucfvuhgtkhgvrhcuoehgthhutghkvghrsehgthhutghkvghrrdhioheqnecuggftrfgrthhtvghrnhepiedutedthfekheevheefgeeuleegleetueettedttdegieduiedujeefvdelgeetnecuffhomhgrihhnpehkvghrnhgvlhdrohhrghenucfkphepvddttddumeekiedumeegrgegtdemkeeivddtmeehgeeivgemkeeffegrmeeffehfugemvgeikeefnecuvehluhhsthgvrhfuihiivgeptdenucfrrghrrghmpehinhgvthepvddttddumeekiedumeegrgegtdemkeeivddtmeehgeeivgemkeeffegrmeeffehfugemvgeikeefpdhhvghloheprhhinhhgohdrlhgrnhdpmhgrihhlfhhrohhmpehgthhutghkvghrsehgthhutghkvghrrdhiohdpqhhiugepheefveevfeeggeefveelpdhmohguvgepshhmthhpohhuthdpnhgspghrtghpthhtohepuddvpdhrtghpthhtohepnhgrthhhrghnsehkvghrnhgvlhdrohhrghdprhgtphhtthhopehojhgvuggrsehkvghrnhgvlhdrohhrghdprhgtphhtthhopegurghvihgughhof iesghhoohhglhgvrdgtohhmpdhrtghpthhtohepfihorhhksehonhhurhhoiihkrghnrdguvghvpdhrtghpthhtohepghhtuhgtkhgvrhesghhtuhgtkhgvrhdrihhopdhrtghpthhtoheprghrnhgusegrrhhnuggsrdguvg Add a 'scripts/container' tool written in Python to run any command in the source tree from within a container. This can typically be used to call 'make' with a compiler toolchain image to run reproducible builds but any arbitrary command can be run too. Only Docker and Podman are supported for this initial version. Cc: Nathan Chancellor Cc: Miguel Ojeda Cc: David Gow Cc: "Onur =C3=96zkan" Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/affb7aff-dc9b-4263-bbd4-a7965c19ac4e@gtuc= ker.io/ Signed-off-by: Guillaume Tucker --- scripts/container | 194 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 194 insertions(+) create mode 100755 scripts/container diff --git a/scripts/container b/scripts/container new file mode 100755 index 000000000000..2d0143c7d43e --- /dev/null +++ b/scripts/container @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +# Copyright (C) 2025 Guillaume Tucker + +"""Containerized builds""" + +import abc +import argparse +import logging +import os +import shutil +import subprocess +import sys +import uuid + + +class ContainerRuntime(abc.ABC): + """Base class for a container runtime implementation""" + + name =3D None # Property defined in each implementation class + + def __init__(self, args, logger): + self._uid =3D args.uid or os.getuid() + self._gid =3D args.gid or args.uid or os.getgid() + self._env_file =3D args.env_file + self._logger =3D logger + + @classmethod + def is_present(cls): + """Determine whether the runtime is present on the system""" + return shutil.which(cls.name) is not None + + @abc.abstractmethod + def _do_run(self, image, cmd, container_name): + """Runtime-specific handler to run a command in a container""" + + @abc.abstractmethod + def _do_abort(self, container_name): + """Runtime-specific handler to abort a command in running containe= r""" + + def run(self, image, cmd): + """Run a command in a runtime container""" + container_name =3D str(uuid.uuid4()) + self._logger.debug("container: %s", container_name) + try: + return self._do_run(image, cmd, container_name) + except KeyboardInterrupt: + self._logger.error("user aborted") + self._do_abort(container_name) + return 1 + + +class DockerRuntime(ContainerRuntime): + """Run a command in a Docker container""" + + name =3D 'docker' + + def _do_run(self, image, cmd, container_name): + cmdline =3D [ + 'docker', 'run', + '--name', container_name, + '--rm', + '--tty', + '--volume', f'{os.getcwd()}:/src', + '--workdir', '/src', + '--user', f'{self._uid}:{self._gid}' + ] + if self._env_file: + cmdline +=3D ['--env-file', self._env_file] + cmdline.append(image) + cmdline +=3D cmd + return subprocess.call(cmdline) + + def _do_abort(self, container_name): + subprocess.call(['docker', 'kill', container_name]) + + +class PodmanRuntime(ContainerRuntime): + """Run a command in a Podman container""" + + name =3D 'podman' + + def _do_run(self, image, cmd, container_name): + cmdline =3D [ + 'podman', 'run', + '--name', container_name, + '--rm', + '--tty', + '--interactive', + '--volume', f'{os.getcwd()}:/src', + '--workdir', '/src', + '--userns', f'keep-id:uid=3D{self._uid},gid=3D{self._gid}', + ] + if self._env_file: + cmdline +=3D ['--env-file', self._env_file] + cmdline.append(image) + cmdline +=3D cmd + return subprocess.call(cmdline) + + def _do_abort(self, container_name): + pass # Signals are handled by Podman in interactive mode + + +class Runtimes: + """List of all supported runtimes""" + + runtimes =3D [DockerRuntime, PodmanRuntime] + + @classmethod + def get_names(cls): + """Get a list of all the runtime names""" + return list(runtime.name for runtime in cls.runtimes) + + @classmethod + def get(cls, name): + """Get a single runtime class matching the given name""" + for runtime in cls.runtimes: + if runtime.name =3D=3D name: + if not runtime.is_present(): + raise ValueError(f"runtime not found: {name}") + return runtime + raise ValueError(f"unknown runtime: {runtime}") + + @classmethod + def find(cls): + """Find the first runtime present on the system""" + for runtime in cls.runtimes: + if runtime.is_present(): + return runtime + raise ValueError("no runtime found") + + +def _get_logger(verbose): + """Set up a logger with the appropriate level""" + logger =3D logging.getLogger('container') + handler =3D logging.StreamHandler() + handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter( + fmt=3D'[container {levelname}] {message}', style=3D'{' + )) + logger.addHandler(handler) + logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG if verbose is True else logging.INFO) + return logger + + +def main(args): + """Main entry point for the container tool""" + logger =3D _get_logger(args.verbose) + try: + cls =3D Runtimes.get(args.runtime) if args.runtime else Runtimes.f= ind() + except ValueError as ex: + logger.error(ex) + return 1 + logger.debug("runtime: %s", cls.name) + logger.debug("image: %s", args.image) + return cls(args, logger).run(args.image, args.cmd) + + +if __name__ =3D=3D '__main__': + parser =3D argparse.ArgumentParser( + 'container', + description=3D"Containerized builds. See the dev-tools/container " + "kernel documentation section for more details." + ) + parser.add_argument( + '-e', '--env-file', + help=3D"Path to an environment file to load in the container." + ) + parser.add_argument( + '-g', '--gid', + help=3D"Group ID to use inside the container." + ) + parser.add_argument( + '-i', '--image', required=3DTrue, + help=3D"Container image name." + ) + parser.add_argument( + '-r', '--runtime', choices=3DRuntimes.get_names(), + help=3D"Container runtime name. If not specified, the first one f= ound " + "on the system will be used i.e. Docker if present, otherwise Podm= an." + ) + parser.add_argument( + '-u', '--uid', + help=3D"User ID to use inside the container. If the -g option is = not " + "specified, the user ID will also be set as the group ID." + ) + parser.add_argument( + '-v', '--verbose', action=3D'store_true', + help=3D"Enable verbose output." + ) + parser.add_argument( + 'cmd', nargs=3D'+', + help=3D"Command to run in the container" + ) + sys.exit(main(parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:]))) --=20 2.47.3 From nobody Fri Dec 19 20:32:37 2025 Received: from mslow3.mail.gandi.net (mslow3.mail.gandi.net [217.70.178.249]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id EAD2B332EC0; Thu, 18 Dec 2025 12:50:20 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=217.70.178.249 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1766062223; cv=none; b=UX+qlIuJXWL7cswtoYaMwhpAanZQGRy1V4ROzlm+4O4DbHDzSJEqQaiJDvBrDeKcQBJOmlWhAM2XcTdtGN8Xyd/JbF6Dded0a5WXSTzKCCd8COC/17pSXdXtQ64d/dpmNS2d8ILZmblou7aW3ZTJvRR7Y3SyF+i7bt/hJxybV5s= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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Thu, 18 Dec 2025 12:50:17 +0000 (UTC) Received: by mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id A87C5443CB; Thu, 18 Dec 2025 12:50:08 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gtucker.io; s=gm1; t=1766062209; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=hfiV+MXAPfvRTSCJL7TaIGOT2OdBflC/9gc07OtO5hM=; b=M2c1mYolZqchb5R1EW7NiuQUkluBmdcrNYgQiL21FG+gcds4f4ZLFQCnMbSFAlQkrRMDYH yNtH/JqrMo4UORder2YWmQecHheKkVnmqJIn9aBUm4DkKNSNZke/GzBBBAVQvXq1khE5yA Zulr4popkEldBzi51i54mmv+EnZGQMMEVl30Ca23EkwwkcMPivPH0sdeXr4wfBccYe0OxJ lWx8fVgWNZugsuQ/Stf+wo47QqWf9sQgOUqeR01aRTG5JSveaQUNcxmPSjIhqpNvVJA3TY cQmw0WhpMRqcbM0Xb9JNMgkakDwqPaXDQtlGmRL3vzHQO2p1ZGssR3JTp38Qxg== From: Guillaume Tucker To: Nathan Chancellor , Miguel Ojeda , David Gow , =?UTF-8?q?Onur=20=C3=96zkan?= Cc: Guillaume Tucker , Arnd Bergmann , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, rust-for-linux@vger.kernel.org, linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org, automated-testing@lists.yoctoproject.org, workflows@vger.kernel.org, llvm@lists.linux.dev Subject: [PATCH v2 2/2] Documentation: dev-tools: add container.rst page Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2025 13:49:53 +0100 Message-ID: X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.47.3 In-Reply-To: References: Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; 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This covers the basic usage with additional information about environment variables and user IDs. It also includes a number of practical examples with a reference to the experimental kernel.org toolchain images. Cc: Nathan Chancellor Cc: Miguel Ojeda Cc: David Gow Cc: "Onur =C3=96zkan" Signed-off-by: Guillaume Tucker --- Documentation/dev-tools/container.rst | 175 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst | 1 + 2 files changed, 176 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/dev-tools/container.rst diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/container.rst b/Documentation/dev-tool= s/container.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5254feae02c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/container.rst @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +.. Copyright (C) 2025 Guillaume Tucker + +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +Containerized Builds +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +The ``container`` tool can be used to run any command in the kernel source= tree +from within a container. Doing so facilitates reproducing builds across +various platforms, for example when a test bot has reported an issue which +requires a specific version of a compiler or an external test suite. While +this can already be done by users who are familiar with containers, having= a +dedicated tool in the kernel tree lowers the barrier to entry by solving c= ommon +problems once and for all (e.g. user id management). It also makes it eas= ier +to share an exact command line leading to a particular result. The main u= se +case is likely to be kernel builds but virtually anything can be run: KUni= t, +checkpatch etc. provided a suitable image is available. + + +Options +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +Command line syntax:: + + scripts/container -i IMAGE [OPTION]... CMD... + +Available options: + +``-e, --env-file ENV_FILE`` + + Path to an environment file to load in the container. + +``-g, --gid GID`` + + Group id to use inside the container. + +``-i, --image IMAGE`` + + Container image name (required). + +``-r, --runtime RUNTIME`` + + Container runtime name. Supported runtimes: ``docker``, ``podman``. + + If not specified, the first one found on the system will be used + i.e. Docker if present, otherwise Podman. + +``-u, --uid UID`` + + User id to use inside the container. + + If the ``-g`` option is not specified, the user id will also be used f= or + the group id. + +``-v, --verbose`` + + Enable verbose output. + +``-h, --help`` + + Show the help message and exit. + + +Usage +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +It's entirely up to the user to choose which image to use and the ``CMD`` +arguments are passed directly as an arbitrary command line to run in the +container. The tool will take care of mounting the source tree as the cur= rent +working directory and adjust the user and group id as needed. + +The container image which would typically include a compiler toolchain is +provided by the user and selected via the ``-i`` option. The container ru= ntime +can be selected with the ``-r`` option, which can be either ``docker`` or +``podman``. If none is specified, the first one found on the system will = be +used. Support for other runtimes may be added later depending on their +popularity among users. + + +Environment Variables +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +Environment variables are not propagated to the container so they have to = be +either defined in the image itself or via the ``-e`` option using an +environment file. In some cases it makes more sense to have them defined = in +the Containerfile used to create the image. For example, a Clang-only com= piler +toolchain image may have ``LLVM=3D1`` defined. The local environment file= is +more useful for user-specific variables added during development. + +Please note that ``make`` options can still be passed on the command line,= so +while this can't be done since the first argument needs to be the executab= le:: + + scripts/container -i tuxmake/korg-clang LLVM=3D1 make + +this will work:: + + scripts/container -i tuxmake/korg-clang make LLVM=3D1 + + +User IDs +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +This is an area where the behaviour will vary slightly depending on the +container runtime. The goal is to run commands as the user invoking the t= ool. +With Podman, a namespace is created to map the current user id to a differ= ent +one in the container (1000 by default). With Docker, while this is also +possible with recent versions it requires a special feature to be enabled = in +the daemon so it's not used here for simplicity. Instead, the container i= s run +with the current user id directly. In both cases, this will provide the s= ame +file permissions for the kernel source tree mounted as a volume. The only +difference is that when using Docker without a namespace, the user id may = not +be the same as the default one set in the image. + +Say, we're using an image which sets up a default user with id 1000 and the +current user calling the ``container`` tool has id 1234. The kernel source +tree was checked out by this same user so the files belong to user 1234. = With +Podman, the container will be running as user id 1000 with a mapping to id= 1234 +so that the files from the mounted volume appear to belong to id 1000 insi= de +the container. With Docker and no namespace, the container will be running +with user id 1234 which can access the files in the volume but not in the = user +1000 home directory. This shouldn't be an issue when running commands onl= y in +the kernel tree but it is worth highlighting here as it might matter for +special corner cases. + + +Examples +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +The shortest example is to run a basic kernel build using Docker and a tux= make +Clang image:: + + scripts/container -i tuxmake/korg-clang -- make LLVM=3D1 defconfig + scripts/container -i tuxmake/korg-clang -- make LLVM=3D1 -j$(nproc) + +.. note:: + + When running a command with options within the container, it should be + separated with a double dash ``--`` to not confuse them with the + ``container`` tool options. Plain commands with no options don't stric= tly + require the double dashes e.g.:: + + scripts/container -i tuxmake/korg-clang make mrproper + +To run ``checkpatch.pl`` in a ``patches`` directory with a generic image:: + + scripts/container -i perl:slim-trixie scripts/checkpatch.pl patches/* + +The examples below refer to ``kernel.org`` images which are based on the +`kernel.org compiler toolchains +`__. These aren't (yet) offic= ially +available in any public registry but users can build their own locally ins= tead +using this `experimental repository +`__ by running ``make +PREFIX=3Dkernel.org/``. + +To build just ``bzImage`` using Clang:: + + scripts/container -i kernel.org/clang -- make bzImage -j$(nproc) + +Same with GCC 15 as a particular version tag:: + + scripts/container -i kernel.org/gcc:15 -- make bzImage -j$(nproc) + +To run KUnit:: + + scripts/container -i kernel.org/gcc:kunit -- \ + tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py \ + run \ + --arch=3Dx86_64 \ + --cross_compile=3Dx86_64-linux- + +To build the HTML documentation, which requires the ``kdocs`` image built = with +``make PREFIX=3Dkernel.org/ extra`` as it's not a compiler toolchain:: + + scripts/container -i kernel.org/kdocs make htmldocs diff --git a/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst b/Documentation/dev-tools/in= dex.rst index 4b8425e348ab..527a0e4cf2ed 100644 --- a/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/dev-tools/index.rst @@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ Documentation/process/debugging/index.rst gpio-sloppy-logic-analyzer autofdo propeller + container =20 =20 .. only:: subproject and html --=20 2.47.3