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Wed, 12 Aug 2026 14:18:48 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailbox.org; s=mail20150812; t=1786537128; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=Lt0D+jYCOF+pD/iXRF/xj/wr1m8zdXfaDurk4zhVQuo=; b=hb2u3Y+qNpxf9XmEjnmlXa+r1GiVCIbAjYvfcG0clmAf6xcwyZ9foXHxX9w21bsatEjRwx wKwjSvHXDRoYQSfDxttVXUwLtlAEHuRjKioVwyXAwKgSHJJD3lT8HZ4qMPPhRP6fqMamuZ NDabPoo0nlTbPOBfLh72wxQcMh970ZqAu6pklmO8v6xtXD52zcT4yAhRo6CX40R3PF5ANx AipM8fnKH6BWC+My2907UFQV15XFvLthsH6GKzwJIQFOV6N/Lwxne3NcsCWNUO1VNRFa+x EB0u9mt3IrYDlKg+DStJeJfxoRMcXtUJ8zyDb7sJ6W9n1AkG/BPTV5q60NoNPQ== From: Manuel Ebner DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailbox.org; s=mail20150812; t=1786537126; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=Lt0D+jYCOF+pD/iXRF/xj/wr1m8zdXfaDurk4zhVQuo=; b=r39W/bQr6fvS9xBoL9TFGhZn/gVVpU9eGCdLqprh2NK7FH5pRP8nwZnnO/HiwggZcU0jgT /N+rI4X25p2GJti7Cr6hAv3DVp4Ws8KxL7DmIXcjgY4aoh0JW9DfedsODNYoblgOCjiLql jpu/ixaPJ2TeFtTkPrMJpiboKth8MsJab80e8Qw3cAK+84vIDxYsVf7q9g0q0Cwe0J+0UI ux5LJhmMJkabuSMl98XT1ZpxRHBJ6KJcCJq/29DGZJj4iohYuFlNXkZWt0ZI8JfQqxoKry 2Tus2Sk3AyHPxpBcE8haorXqAa/P8FYcfsj7Szxd08mDutynL+XNgmcqWr3tGw== To: Jonathan Corbet , Shuah Khan , Federico Vaga , Akira Yokosawa , Daniel Pereira , Carlos Bilbao , Avadhut Naik , Alex Shi , Yanteng Si , Dongliang Mu , Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>, Alexei Starovoitov , Daniel Borkmann , Andrii Nakryiko , Eduard Zingerman , Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi , Martin KaFai Lau , Song Liu , Yonghong Song , Jiri Olsa , Emil Tsalapatis , Miguel Ojeda , Boqun Feng , Gary Guo , =?UTF-8?q?Bj=C3=B6rn=20Roy=20Baron?= , Benno Lossin , Andreas Hindborg , Alice Ryhl , Trevor Gross , Danilo Krummrich , Daniel Almeida , Tamir Duberstein , Alexandre Courbot , =?UTF-8?q?Onur=20=C3=96zkan?= , Nathan Chancellor , Nick Desaulniers , Bill Wendling , Justin Stitt Cc: Manuel Ebner , linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, workflows@vger.kernel.org, bpf@vger.kernel.org, rust-for-linux@vger.kernel.org, llvm@lists.linux.dev Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Docs: changes.rst: rename file and references and add links Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 14:14:45 +0200 Message-ID: <20260812121603.1633270-2-manuelebnerli@mailbox.org> In-Reply-To: <20260812120805.1631430-3-manuelebnerli@mailbox.org> References: <20260812120805.1631430-3-manuelebnerli@mailbox.org> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-MBO-RS-META: hof1aoqwi5c4kdoczq7hsx4kc5x3ncab X-MBO-RS-ID: cec80f7e41a1e61268f The current name does not reflect the content of the file, the new name does so. With the links legacy references should continue to work. Change name to software-requirements.rst Change names in Doc/translations/* Add link Doc/process/changes.rst to software-version.rst. Add link Doc/Changes to software-version.rst. Add links in Doc/translations/* Change changes.rst to software-version.rst inChange changes.rst to software= -version.rst in Documentation/* README samples/bpf/README.rst scripts/min-tool-version.sh scripts/ver_linux Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner --- Documentation/Changes | 2 +- Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst | 6 +- Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst | 2 +- Documentation/filesystems/locks.rst | 2 +- Documentation/process/changes.rst | 576 +---------------- Documentation/process/howto.rst | 2 +- .../process/software-requirements.rst | 575 +++++++++++++++++ .../translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst | 554 +---------------- .../translations/it_IT/process/howto.rst | 2 +- .../it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst | 553 +++++++++++++++++ .../translations/ja_JP/process/howto.rst | 2 +- .../translations/ko_KR/process/howto.rst | 2 +- .../translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst | 577 +----------------- .../pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst | 576 +++++++++++++++++ .../translations/sp_SP/process/howto.rst | 2 +- .../translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/README.rst | 6 +- .../translations/zh_CN/process/howto.rst | 2 +- .../translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/README.rst | 6 +- .../translations/zh_TW/process/howto.rst | 2 +- README | 2 +- samples/bpf/README.rst | 2 +- scripts/min-tool-version.sh | 2 +- scripts/ver_linux | 2 +- 23 files changed, 1730 insertions(+), 1727 deletions(-) mode change 100644 =3D> 120000 Documentation/process/changes.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst mode change 100644 =3D> 120000 Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/ch= anges.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requi= rements.rst mode change 100644 =3D> 120000 Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/ch= anges.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requi= rements.rst diff --git a/Documentation/Changes b/Documentation/Changes index 7564ae1682ba..544d57a6d34b 120000 --- a/Documentation/Changes +++ b/Documentation/Changes @@ -1 +1 @@ -process/changes.rst \ No newline at end of file +process/software-requirements.rst \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst b/Documentation/admin-gui= de/README.rst index 77fec1de6dc8..9d1e1938b23d 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Documentation - There are various README files in the Documentation/ subdirectory: these typically contain kernel-specific installation notes for some drivers for example. Please read the - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` file, as it + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` file, as it contains information about the problems which may result from upgrading your kernel. =20 @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Software requirements =20 Compiling and running the 6.x kernels requires up-to-date versions of various software packages. Consult - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` for the minimum vers= ion numbers + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` for the minimum version numbers required and how to get updates for these packages. Beware that using excessively old versions of these packages can cause indirect errors that are very difficult to track down, so don't assume that @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ Compiling the kernel -------------------- =20 - Make sure you have at least gcc 8.1 available. - For more information, refer to :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst = `. + For more information, refer to :ref:`Documentation/process/software-req= uirements.rst `. =20 - Do a ``make`` to create a compressed kernel image. It is also possible = to do ``make install`` if you have lilo installed or if your distribution has= an diff --git a/Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst b/Documentation/doc-guide/s= phinx.rst index 51c370260f3b..d4a014168f00 100644 --- a/Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst +++ b/Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ becoming harder to do that on modern distributions, as = it is not possible to install with Python 3.13 and above. =20 Testing with the lowest supported Python version as defined at -Documentation/process/changes.rst can be done by creating +Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst can be done by creating a venv with it with, and install minimal requirements with:: =20 /usr/bin/python3.9 -m venv sphinx_min diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/locks.rst b/Documentation/filesystem= s/locks.rst index 26429317dbbc..71b48a159507 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/locks.rst +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/locks.rst @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ forever. =20 This should not cause problems for anybody, since everybody using a 2.1.x kernel should have updated their C library to a suitable version -anyway (see the file "Documentation/process/changes.rst".) +anyway (see the file "Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst".) =20 1.2 Allow Mixed Locks Again --------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/process/changes.rst b/Documentation/process/chan= ges.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 1ca8c5f73ad0..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/process/changes.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,575 +0,0 @@ -.. _changes: - -Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel -++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - -Intro -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of -software necessary to run the current kernel version. - -This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels -and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, -Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the -'net). - -Current Minimal Requirements -**************************** - -Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've -encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently -running, the suggested command should tell you. For a list of the programs -on your system including their version execute ./scripts/ver_linux - -Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally -running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all -systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example, -you probably do not need to concern yourself with pcmciautils. - -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D - Program Minimal version Command to check the version -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D -bash 4.2 bash --version -bc 1.06.95 bc --version -bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version -binutils 2.30 ld -v -bison 2.0 bison --version -btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version -Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version -e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V -flex 2.5.35 flex --version -gdb 7.2 gdb --version -GNU awk (optional) 5.1.0 gawk --version -GNU C 8.1 gcc --version -GNU make 4.0 make --version -GNU tar 1.28 tar --version -GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion -gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version -iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V -jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V -kmod 13 kmod -V -mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version -mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version -nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version -openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version -pahole 1.26 pahole --version -pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V -PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version -procps 3.2.0 ps --version -Python 3.9.x python3 --version -quota-tools 3.09 quota -V -Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version -Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version -squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version -udev 081 udevadm --version -util-linux 2.10o mount --version -xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D - -.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation - -Kernel compilation -****************** - -GCC ---- - -The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your -computer. - -Clang/LLVM (optional) ---------------------- - -The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to -`releases.llvm.org `_) are supported for buildi= ng -kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workaro= unds -from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see addit= ional -docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM `. - -Rust (optional) ---------------- - -A recent version of the Rust compiler is required. - -Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how to -satisfy the build requirements of Rust support. In particular, the ``Makef= ile`` -target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check why the Rust toolchain may not -be detected. - -bindgen (optional) ------------------- - -``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindings to the C side of the ker= nel. -It depends on ``libclang``. - -Make ----- - -You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build the kernel. - -Bash ----- - -Some bash scripts are used for the kernel build. -Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. - -Binutils --------- - -Binutils 2.30 or newer is needed to build the kernel. - -pkg-config ----------- - -The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed -kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in -'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not -verified or documented. - -Flex ----- - -Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers -during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later. - - -Bison ------ - -Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers -during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later. - -pahole ------- - -Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system -generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from ke= rnel -modules as well. This requires pahole v1.22 or later. - -Since Linux 7.0, kfuncs annotated with KF_IMPLICIT_ARGS require pahole v1.= 26 -or later. Without it, such kfuncs will have incorrect BTF prototypes in -vmlinux, causing BPF programs to fail to load with a "func_proto incompati= ble -with vmlinux" error. Many sched_ext kfuncs are affected. - -It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from -https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. - -Perl ----- - -You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``, -``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kerne= l. - -Python ------- - -Several config options require it: it is required for arm/arm64 -default configs, CONFIG_LTO_CLANG, some DRM optional configs, -the kernel-doc tool, and docs build (Sphinx), among others. - -BC --- - -You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher - - -OpenSSL -------- - -Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program a= nd -crypto library to do key creation and signature generation. - -You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is -enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels= 4.3 -and higher. - -Tar ---- - -GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access to the kernel headers via s= ysfs -(CONFIG_IKHEADERS). - -gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) ------------------------------ - -The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6.6.5 or later to generate -tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due to its use of the gtags -``-C (--directory)`` flag. - -mkimage -------- - -This tool is used when building a Flat Image Tree (FIT), commonly used on = ARM -platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-boot-tools`` package or can be -built from the U-Boot source code. See the instructions at -https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux - -GNU AWK -------- - -GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to generate address range data= for -builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES). - -System utilities -**************** - -Architectural changes ---------------------- - -DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev -(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) - -32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! - -Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline -documentation via specially-formatted comments near their -definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST -files in the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, whic= h can -then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files. -In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll ne= ed -Sphinx. - -Util-linux ----------- - -New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks, -support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition -types, and similar goodies. -You'll probably want to upgrade. - -Ksymoops --------- - -If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the -ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. -It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so -that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also -produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel -is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and -reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops -with ksymoops. - -Mkinitrd --------- - -These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that -mkinitrd be upgraded. - -E2fsprogs ---------- - -The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and -debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. - -JFSutils --------- - -The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system. -The following utilities are available: - -- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check - and repair a JFS formatted partition. - -- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition. - -- other file system utilities are also available in this package. - -Xfsprogs --------- - -The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and = the -``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is -architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should -work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or -later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). - -PCMCIAutils ------------ - -PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up -PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules -for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug -subsystem is used. - -Quota-tools ------------ - -Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use -the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and -newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer -from the table above. - -Intel IA32 microcode --------------------- - -A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, -accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using -udev you may need to:: - - mkdir /dev/cpu - mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 - chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode - -as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to -get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. - -udev ----- - -``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically wi= th -only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic -functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for -devices. - -FUSE ----- - -Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount -options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work. - -Networking -********** - -General changes ---------------- - -If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably -consider using the network tools from ip-route2. - -Packet Filter / NAT -------------------- -The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.= 4.x -kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modul= es -for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. - -PPP ---- - -The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to -enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, -upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. - -If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp -which can be made by:: - - mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 - -as root. - -NFS-utils ---------- - -In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know -about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This -information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client -mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs -would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``. - -This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct -which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement -fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from -getting lots of old entries that never get removed. - -With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd -when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give -appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the -dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about -currently active clients. - -To enable this new functionality, you need to:: - - mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd - -before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS -services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where -that is possible. - -mcelog ------- - -On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine che= ck -events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors -reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. - -Kernel documentation -******************** - -Sphinx ------- - -Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst -for details about Sphinx requirements. - -rustdoc -------- - -``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentation for Rust code. Please see -Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for more information. - -Getting updated software -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -Kernel compilation -****************** - -gcc ---- - -- - -Clang/LLVM ----------- - -- :ref:`Getting LLVM `. - -Rust ----- - -- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. - -bindgen -------- - -- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. - -Make ----- - -- - -Bash ----- - -- - -Binutils --------- - -- - -Flex ----- - -- - -Bison ------ - -- - -OpenSSL -------- - -- - -System utilities -**************** - -Util-linux ----------- - -- - -Kmod ----- - -- -- - -Ksymoops --------- - -- - -Mkinitrd --------- - -- - -E2fsprogs ---------- - -- -- - -JFSutils --------- - -- - -Xfsprogs --------- - -- -- - -Pcmciautils ------------ - -- - -Quota-tools ------------ - -- - - -Intel P6 microcode ------------------- - -- - -udev ----- - -- - -FUSE ----- - -- - -mcelog ------- - -- - -Networking -********** - -PPP ---- - -- -- -- - -NFS-utils ---------- - -- -- - -Iptables --------- - -- - -Ip-route2 ---------- - -- - -OProfile --------- - -- - -Kernel documentation -******************** - -Sphinx ------- - -- diff --git a/Documentation/process/changes.rst b/Documentation/process/chan= ges.rst new file mode 120000 index 000000000000..ef3fa664d434 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/process/changes.rst @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +/home/manuel/linux/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/process/howto.rst b/Documentation/process/howto.= rst index 9438e03d6f50..8c5577d450f9 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/howto.rst @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ required reading: what is necessary to do to configure and build the kernel. People who are new to the kernel should start here. =20 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` This file gives a list of the minimum levels of various software packages that are necessary to build and run the kernel successfully. diff --git a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst b/Documentatio= n/process/software-requirements.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..1ca8c5f73ad0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -0,0 +1,575 @@ +.. _changes: + +Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +Intro +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of +software necessary to run the current kernel version. + +This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels +and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, +Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the +'net). + +Current Minimal Requirements +**************************** + +Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've +encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently +running, the suggested command should tell you. For a list of the programs +on your system including their version execute ./scripts/ver_linux + +Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally +running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all +systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example, +you probably do not need to concern yourself with pcmciautils. + +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D + Program Minimal version Command to check the version +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D +bash 4.2 bash --version +bc 1.06.95 bc --version +bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version +binutils 2.30 ld -v +bison 2.0 bison --version +btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version +Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version +e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V +flex 2.5.35 flex --version +gdb 7.2 gdb --version +GNU awk (optional) 5.1.0 gawk --version +GNU C 8.1 gcc --version +GNU make 4.0 make --version +GNU tar 1.28 tar --version +GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion +gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version +iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V +jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V +kmod 13 kmod -V +mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version +mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version +nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version +openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version +pahole 1.26 pahole --version +pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V +PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version +procps 3.2.0 ps --version +Python 3.9.x python3 --version +quota-tools 3.09 quota -V +Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version +Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version +squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version +udev 081 udevadm --version +util-linux 2.10o mount --version +xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D + +.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation + +Kernel compilation +****************** + +GCC +--- + +The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your +computer. + +Clang/LLVM (optional) +--------------------- + +The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to +`releases.llvm.org `_) are supported for buildi= ng +kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workaro= unds +from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see addit= ional +docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM `. + +Rust (optional) +--------------- + +A recent version of the Rust compiler is required. + +Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how to +satisfy the build requirements of Rust support. In particular, the ``Makef= ile`` +target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check why the Rust toolchain may not +be detected. + +bindgen (optional) +------------------ + +``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindings to the C side of the ker= nel. +It depends on ``libclang``. + +Make +---- + +You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build the kernel. + +Bash +---- + +Some bash scripts are used for the kernel build. +Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. + +Binutils +-------- + +Binutils 2.30 or newer is needed to build the kernel. + +pkg-config +---------- + +The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed +kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in +'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not +verified or documented. + +Flex +---- + +Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers +during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later. + + +Bison +----- + +Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers +during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later. + +pahole +------ + +Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system +generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from ke= rnel +modules as well. This requires pahole v1.22 or later. + +Since Linux 7.0, kfuncs annotated with KF_IMPLICIT_ARGS require pahole v1.= 26 +or later. Without it, such kfuncs will have incorrect BTF prototypes in +vmlinux, causing BPF programs to fail to load with a "func_proto incompati= ble +with vmlinux" error. Many sched_ext kfuncs are affected. + +It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from +https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. + +Perl +---- + +You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``, +``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kerne= l. + +Python +------ + +Several config options require it: it is required for arm/arm64 +default configs, CONFIG_LTO_CLANG, some DRM optional configs, +the kernel-doc tool, and docs build (Sphinx), among others. + +BC +-- + +You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher + + +OpenSSL +------- + +Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program a= nd +crypto library to do key creation and signature generation. + +You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is +enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels= 4.3 +and higher. + +Tar +--- + +GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access to the kernel headers via s= ysfs +(CONFIG_IKHEADERS). + +gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) +----------------------------- + +The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6.6.5 or later to generate +tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due to its use of the gtags +``-C (--directory)`` flag. + +mkimage +------- + +This tool is used when building a Flat Image Tree (FIT), commonly used on = ARM +platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-boot-tools`` package or can be +built from the U-Boot source code. See the instructions at +https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux + +GNU AWK +------- + +GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to generate address range data= for +builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES). + +System utilities +**************** + +Architectural changes +--------------------- + +DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev +(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) + +32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! + +Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline +documentation via specially-formatted comments near their +definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST +files in the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, whic= h can +then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files. +In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll ne= ed +Sphinx. + +Util-linux +---------- + +New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks, +support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition +types, and similar goodies. +You'll probably want to upgrade. + +Ksymoops +-------- + +If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the +ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. +It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so +that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also +produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel +is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and +reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops +with ksymoops. + +Mkinitrd +-------- + +These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that +mkinitrd be upgraded. + +E2fsprogs +--------- + +The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and +debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. + +JFSutils +-------- + +The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system. +The following utilities are available: + +- ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check + and repair a JFS formatted partition. + +- ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition. + +- other file system utilities are also available in this package. + +Xfsprogs +-------- + +The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and = the +``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is +architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should +work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or +later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). + +PCMCIAutils +----------- + +PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up +PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules +for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug +subsystem is used. + +Quota-tools +----------- + +Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use +the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and +newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer +from the table above. + +Intel IA32 microcode +-------------------- + +A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, +accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using +udev you may need to:: + + mkdir /dev/cpu + mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 + chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode + +as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to +get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. + +udev +---- + +``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically wi= th +only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic +functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for +devices. + +FUSE +---- + +Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount +options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work. + +Networking +********** + +General changes +--------------- + +If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably +consider using the network tools from ip-route2. + +Packet Filter / NAT +------------------- +The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.= 4.x +kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modul= es +for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. + +PPP +--- + +The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to +enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, +upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. + +If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp +which can be made by:: + + mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 + +as root. + +NFS-utils +--------- + +In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know +about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This +information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client +mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs +would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``. + +This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct +which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement +fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from +getting lots of old entries that never get removed. + +With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd +when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give +appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the +dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about +currently active clients. + +To enable this new functionality, you need to:: + + mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd + +before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS +services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where +that is possible. + +mcelog +------ + +On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine che= ck +events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors +reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. + +Kernel documentation +******************** + +Sphinx +------ + +Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst +for details about Sphinx requirements. + +rustdoc +------- + +``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentation for Rust code. Please see +Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for more information. + +Getting updated software +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +Kernel compilation +****************** + +gcc +--- + +- + +Clang/LLVM +---------- + +- :ref:`Getting LLVM `. + +Rust +---- + +- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. + +bindgen +------- + +- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. + +Make +---- + +- + +Bash +---- + +- + +Binutils +-------- + +- + +Flex +---- + +- + +Bison +----- + +- + +OpenSSL +------- + +- + +System utilities +**************** + +Util-linux +---------- + +- + +Kmod +---- + +- +- + +Ksymoops +-------- + +- + +Mkinitrd +-------- + +- + +E2fsprogs +--------- + +- +- + +JFSutils +-------- + +- + +Xfsprogs +-------- + +- +- + +Pcmciautils +----------- + +- + +Quota-tools +----------- + +- + + +Intel P6 microcode +------------------ + +- + +udev +---- + +- + +FUSE +---- + +- + +mcelog +------ + +- + +Networking +********** + +PPP +--- + +- +- +- + +NFS-utils +--------- + +- +- + +Iptables +-------- + +- + +Ip-route2 +--------- + +- + +OProfile +-------- + +- + +Kernel documentation +******************** + +Sphinx +------ + +- diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst b/Documen= tation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 7ee54c972418..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,553 +0,0 @@ -.. include:: ../disclaimer-ita.rst - -:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` -:Translator: Federico Vaga - -.. _it_changes: - -Requisiti minimi per compilare il kernel -++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - -Introduzione -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -Questo documento fornisce una lista dei software necessari per eseguire qu= esta -versione del kernel. - -Questo documento =C3=A8 basato sul file "Changes" del kernel 2.0.x e quind= i le -persone che lo scrissero meritano credito (Jared Mauch, Axel Boldt, -Alessandro Sigala, e tanti altri nella rete). - -Requisiti minimi correnti -************************* - -Prima di pensare d'avere trovato un baco, aggiornate i seguenti programmi -**almeno** alla versione indicata! Se non siete certi della versione che = state -usando, il comando indicato dovrebbe dirvelo. - -Questa lista presume che abbiate gi=C3=A0 un kernel Linux funzionante. In= aggiunta, -non tutti gli strumenti sono necessari ovunque; ovviamente, se non avete u= na -PC Card, per esempio, probabilmente non dovreste preoccuparvi di pcmciauti= ls. - -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - Programma Versione minima Comando per verificare la ve= rsione -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D -GNU C 8.1 gcc --version -Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version -Rust (opzionale) 1.78.0 rustc --version -bindgen (opzionale) 0.65.1 bindgen --version -GNU make 4.0 make --version -bash 4.2 bash --version -binutils 2.30 ld -v -flex 2.5.35 flex --version -bison 2.0 bison --version -pahole 1.16 pahole --version -util-linux 2.10o mount --version -kmod 13 depmod -V -e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V -jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V -xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V -squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version -btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck -pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V -quota-tools 3.09 quota -V -PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version -nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version -procps 3.2.0 ps --version -udev 081 udevd --version -grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install -= -version -mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version -iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V -openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version -bc 1.06.95 bc --version -Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx-build --version -cpio any cpio --version -GNU tar 1.28 tar --version -gtags (opzionale) 6.6.5 gtags --version -mkimage (opzionale) 2017.01 mkimage --version -Python (opzionale) 3.5.x python3 --version -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -.. [#f1] Sphinx =C3=A8 necessario solo per produrre la documentazione del = Kernel - -Compilazione del kernel -*********************** - -GCC ---- - -La versione necessaria di gcc potrebbe variare a seconda del tipo di CPU n= el -vostro calcolatore. - -Clang/LLVM (opzionale) ----------------------- - -L'ultima versione di clang e *LLVM utils* (secondo `releases.llvm.org -`_) sono supportati per la generazione del -kernel. Non garantiamo che anche i rilasci pi=C3=B9 vecchi funzionino, ino= ltre -potremmo rimuovere gli espedienti che abbiamo implementato per farli -funzionare. Per maggiori informazioni -:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM `. - -Rust (opzionale) ----------------- - -=C3=88 necessaria una versione recente del compilatore Rust. - -Verificate le istruzioni Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst su come soddis= fare i -requisiti per compilare code Rust. In particolare, la regola ``rustavailab= le`` -nel ``Makefile`` =C3=A8 utile per verificare perch=C3=A9 gli strumenti di = compilazione non -vengono trovati. - -bindgen (opzionale) -------------------- - -``bindgen`` viene usato per generare il collegamento (binding) da Rust al = lato C del kernel. Dipende da ``libclang``. - -Make ----- - -Per compilare il kernel vi servir=C3=A0 GNU make 4.0 o successivo. - -Bash ----- -Per generare il kernel vengono usati alcuni script per bash. -Questo richiede bash 4.2 o successivo. - -Binutils --------- - -Per generare il kernel =C3=A8 necessario avere Binutils 2.30 o superiore. - -pkg-config ----------- - -Il sistema di compilazione, dalla versione 4.18, richiede pkg-config per -verificare l'esistenza degli strumenti kconfig e per determinare le -impostazioni da usare in 'make {g,x}config'. Precedentemente pkg-config -veniva usato ma non verificato o documentato. - -Flex ----- - -Dalla versione 4.16, il sistema di compilazione, durante l'esecuzione, gen= era -un analizzatore lessicale. Questo richiede flex 2.5.35 o successivo. - -Bison ------ - -Dalla versione 4.16, il sistema di compilazione, durante l'esecuzione, gen= era -un parsificatore. Questo richiede bison 2.0 o successivo. - -pahole ------- - -Dalla versione 5.2, quando viene impostato CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF, il siste= ma di -compilazione genera BTF (BPF Type Format) a partire da DWARF per vmlinux. = Pi=C3=B9 -tardi anche per i moduli. Questo richiede pahole v1.16 o successivo. - -A seconda della distribuzione, lo si pu=C3=B2 trovare nei pacchetti 'dwarv= es' o -'pahole'. Oppure lo si pu=C3=B2 trovare qui: https://fedorapeople.org/~acm= e/dwarves/. - -Perl ----- - -Per compilare il kernel vi servir=C3=A0 perl 5 e i seguenti moduli ``Getop= t::Long``, -``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, e ``File::Find``. - -BC --- - -Vi servir=C3=A0 bc per compilare i kernel dal 3.10 in poi. - -OpenSSL -------- - -Il programma OpenSSL e la libreria crypto vengono usati per la firma dei m= oduli -e la gestione dei certificati; sono usati per la creazione della chiave e -la generazione della firma. - -Se la firma dei moduli =C3=A8 abilitata, allora vi servir=C3=A0 openssl pe= r compilare il -kernel 3.7 e successivi. Vi serviranno anche i pacchetti di sviluppo di -openssl per compilare il kernel 4.3 o successivi. - -Tar ---- - -GNU Tar =C3=A8 necessario per accedere ai file d'intestazione del kernel u= sando sysfs -(CONFIG_IKHEADERS) - -gtags / GNU GLOBAL (opzionale) ------------------------------- - -Il programma GNU GLOBAL versione 6.6.5, o successiva, =C3=A8 necessario qu= ando si -vuole eseguire ``make gtags`` e generare i relativi indici. Internamente s= i fa -uso del parametro gtags ``-C (--directory)`` che compare in questa version= e. - -mkimage -------- - -Questo strumento viene usato per produrre un *Flat Image Tree* (FIT), -tipicamente usato su sistemi ARM. Questo strumento =C3=A8 disponibile tram= ite il -pacchetto ``u-boot-tools`` oppure pu=C3=B2 essere compilato dal codice sor= gente di -U-Boot. Consultate le istruzioni -https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux - - -Strumenti di sistema -******************** - -Modifiche architetturali ------------------------- - -DevFS =C3=A8 stato reso obsoleto da udev -(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) - -Il supporto per UID a 32-bit =C3=A8 ora disponibile. Divertitevi! - -La documentazione delle funzioni in Linux =C3=A8 una fase di transizione -verso una documentazione integrata nei sorgenti stessi usando dei commenti -formattati in modo speciale e posizionati vicino alle funzioni che descriv= ono. -Al fine di arricchire la documentazione, questi commenti possono essere -combinati con i file ReST presenti in Documentation/; questi potranno -poi essere convertiti in formato PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB o PDF. -Per convertire i documenti da ReST al formato che volete, avete bisogno di -Sphinx. - -Util-linux ----------- - -Le versioni pi=C3=B9 recenti di util-linux: forniscono il supporto a ``fdi= sk`` per -dischi di grandi dimensioni; supportano le nuove opzioni di mount; riconos= cono -pi=C3=B9 tipi di partizioni; hanno un fdformat che funziona con i kernel 2= .4; -e altre chicche. Probabilmente vorrete aggiornarlo. - -Ksymoops --------- - -Se l'impensabile succede e il kernel va in oops, potrebbe servirvi lo stru= mento -ksymoops per decodificarlo, ma nella maggior parte dei casi non vi servir= =C3=A0. -Generalmente =C3=A8 preferibile compilare il kernel con l'opzione ``CONFIG= _KALLSYMS`` -cosicch=C3=A9 venga prodotto un output pi=C3=B9 leggibile che pu=C3=B2 ess= ere usato cos=C3=AC com'=C3=A8 -(produce anche un output migliore di ksymoops). Se per qualche motivo il -vostro kernel non =C3=A8 stato compilato con ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` e non ave= te modo di -ricompilarlo e riprodurre l'oops con quell'opzione abilitata, allora potete -usare ksymoops per decodificare l'oops. - -Mkinitrd --------- - -I cambiamenti della struttura in ``/lib/modules`` necessita l'aggiornament= o di -mkinitrd. - -E2fsprogs ---------- - -L'ultima versione di ``e2fsprogs`` corregge diversi bachi in fsck e debugf= s. -Ovviamente, aggiornarlo =C3=A8 una buona idea. - -JFSutils --------- - -Il pacchetto ``jfsutils`` contiene programmi per il file-system JFS. -Sono disponibili i seguenti strumenti: - -- ``fsck.jfs`` - avvia la ripetizione del log delle transizioni, e verific= a e - ripara una partizione formattata secondo JFS - -- ``mkfs.jfs`` - crea una partizione formattata secondo JFS - -- sono disponibili altri strumenti per il file-system. - -Xfsprogs --------- - -L'ultima versione di ``xfsprogs`` contiene, fra i tanti, i programmi -``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db`` e ``xfs_repair`` per il file-system XFS. -Dipendono dell'architettura e qualsiasi versione dalla 2.0.0 in poi -dovrebbe funzionare correttamente con la versione corrente del codice -XFS nel kernel (sono raccomandate le versioni 2.6.0 o successive per via -di importanti miglioramenti). - -PCMCIAutils ------------ - -PCMCIAutils sostituisce ``pcmica-cs``. Serve ad impostare correttamente i -connettori PCMCIA all'avvio del sistema e a caricare i moduli necessari per -i dispositivi a 16-bit se il kernel =C3=A8 stato modularizzato e il sottos= istema -hotplug =C3=A8 in uso. - -Quota-tools ------------ - -Il supporto per uid e gid a 32 bit richiedono l'uso della versione 2 del -formato quota. La versione 3.07 e successive di quota-tools supportano -questo formato. Usate la versione raccomandata nella lista qui sopra o una -successiva. - -Micro codice per Intel IA32 ---------------------------- - -Per poter aggiornare il micro codice per Intel IA32, =C3=A8 stato aggiunto= un -apposito driver; il driver =C3=A8 accessibile come un normale dispositivo a -caratteri (misc). Se non state usando udev probabilmente sar=C3=A0 necess= ario -eseguire i seguenti comandi come root prima di poterlo aggiornare:: - - mkdir /dev/cpu - mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 - chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode - -Probabilmente, vorrete anche il programma microcode_ctl da usare con questo -dispositivo. - -udev ----- - -``udev`` =C3=A8 un programma in spazio utente il cui scopo =C3=A8 quello d= i popolare -dinamicamente la cartella ``/dev`` coi dispositivi effettivamente presenti. -``udev`` sostituisce le funzionalit=C3=A0 base di devfs, consentendo comun= que -nomi persistenti per i dispositivi. - -FUSE ----- - -Serve libfuse 2.4.0 o successiva. Il requisito minimo assoluto =C3=A8 2.3= .0 ma -le opzioni di mount ``direct_io`` e ``kernel_cache`` non funzioneranno. - - -Rete -**** - -Cambiamenti generali --------------------- - -Se per quanto riguarda la configurazione di rete avete esigenze di un certo -livello dovreste prendere in considerazione l'uso degli strumenti in ip-ro= ute2. - -Filtro dei pacchetti / NAT --------------------------- - -Il codice per filtraggio dei pacchetti e il NAT fanno uso degli stessi -strumenti come nelle versioni del kernel antecedenti la 2.4.x (iptables). -Include ancora moduli di compatibilit=C3=A0 per 2.2.x ipchains e 2.0.x ipd= wadm. - -PPP ---- - -Il driver per PPP =C3=A8 stato ristrutturato per supportare collegamenti m= ultipli e -per funzionare su diversi livelli. Se usate PPP, aggiornate pppd almeno a= lla -versione 2.4.0. - -Se non usate udev, dovete avere un file /dev/ppp che pu=C3=B2 essere creat= o da root -col seguente comando:: - - mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 - - -NFS-utils ---------- - -Nei kernel pi=C3=B9 antichi (2.4 e precedenti), il server NFS doveva essere -informato sui clienti ai quali si voleva fornire accesso via NFS. Questa -informazione veniva passata al kernel quando un cliente montava un file-sy= stem -mediante ``mountd``, oppure usando ``exportfs`` all'avvio del sistema. -exportfs prende le informazioni circa i clienti attivi da ``/var/lib/nfs/r= mtab``. - -Questo approccio =C3=A8 piuttosto delicato perch=C3=A9 dipende dalla corre= ttezza di -rmtab, che non =C3=A8 facile da garantire, in particolare quando si cerca = di -implementare un *failover*. Anche quando il sistema funziona bene, ``rmta= b`` -ha il problema di accumulare vecchie voci inutilizzate. - -Sui kernel pi=C3=B9 recenti il kernel ha la possibilit=C3=A0 di informare = mountd quando -arriva una richiesta da una macchina sconosciuta, e mountd pu=C3=B2 dare a= l kernel -le informazioni corrette per l'esportazione. Questo rimuove la dipendenza= con -``rmtab`` e significa che il kernel deve essere al corrente solo dei clien= ti -attivi. - -Per attivare questa funzionalit=C3=A0, dovete eseguire il seguente comando= prima di -usare exportfs o mountd:: - - mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd - -Dove possibile, raccomandiamo di proteggere tutti i servizi NFS dall'acces= so -via internet mediante un firewall. - -mcelog ------- - -Quando ``CONFIG_x86_MCE`` =C3=A8 attivo, il programma mcelog processa e re= gistra -gli eventi *machine check*. Gli eventi *machine check* sono errori riport= ati -dalla CPU. Incoraggiamo l'analisi di questi errori. - - -Documentazione del kernel -************************* - -Sphinx ------- - -Per i dettaglio sui requisiti di Sphinx, fate riferimento a :ref:`it_sphin= x_install` -in :ref:`Documentation/translations/it_IT/doc-guide/sphinx.rst ` - -Ottenere software aggiornato -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D - -Compilazione del kernel -*********************** - -gcc ---- - -- - -Clang/LLVM ----------- - -- :ref:`Getting LLVM `. - -Make ----- - -- - -Bash ----- - -- - -Binutils --------- - -- - -Flex ----- - -- - -Bison ------ - -- - -OpenSSL -------- - -- - -Strumenti di sistema -******************** - -Util-linux ----------- - -- - -Kmod ----- - -- -- - -Ksymoops --------- - -- - -Mkinitrd --------- - -- - -E2fsprogs ---------- - -- -- - -JFSutils --------- - -- - -Xfsprogs --------- - -- -- - -Pcmciautils ------------ - -- - -Quota-tools ------------ - -- - - -Microcodice Intel P6 --------------------- - -- - -udev ----- - -- - -FUSE ----- - -- - -mcelog ------- - -- - -cpio ----- - -- - -Rete -**** - -PPP ---- - -- -- -- - - -NFS-utils ---------- - -- -- - -Iptables --------- - -- - -Ip-route2 ---------- - -- - -OProfile --------- - -- - -Documentazione del kernel -************************* - -Sphinx ------- - -- diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst b/Documen= tation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst new file mode 120000 index 000000000000..d94978441892 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +/home/manuel/linux/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requi= rements.rst \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/howto.rst b/Documenta= tion/translations/it_IT/process/howto.rst index f51288602ee3..37ca98764932 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/howto.rst @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Di seguito una lista di file che sono presenti nei sorgen= te del kernel e che minimo necessario per configurare e generare il kernel. I novizi del kernel dovrebbero iniziare da qui. =20 - :ref:`Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst= ` =20 Questo file fornisce una lista dei pacchetti software necessari a compilare e far funzionare il kernel con successo. diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements= .rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7ee54c972418 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -0,0 +1,553 @@ +.. include:: ../disclaimer-ita.rst + +:Original: :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` +:Translator: Federico Vaga + +.. _it_changes: + +Requisiti minimi per compilare il kernel +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +Introduzione +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +Questo documento fornisce una lista dei software necessari per eseguire qu= esta +versione del kernel. + +Questo documento =C3=A8 basato sul file "Changes" del kernel 2.0.x e quind= i le +persone che lo scrissero meritano credito (Jared Mauch, Axel Boldt, +Alessandro Sigala, e tanti altri nella rete). + +Requisiti minimi correnti +************************* + +Prima di pensare d'avere trovato un baco, aggiornate i seguenti programmi +**almeno** alla versione indicata! Se non siete certi della versione che = state +usando, il comando indicato dovrebbe dirvelo. + +Questa lista presume che abbiate gi=C3=A0 un kernel Linux funzionante. In= aggiunta, +non tutti gli strumenti sono necessari ovunque; ovviamente, se non avete u= na +PC Card, per esempio, probabilmente non dovreste preoccuparvi di pcmciauti= ls. + +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + Programma Versione minima Comando per verificare la ve= rsione +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D +GNU C 8.1 gcc --version +Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version +Rust (opzionale) 1.78.0 rustc --version +bindgen (opzionale) 0.65.1 bindgen --version +GNU make 4.0 make --version +bash 4.2 bash --version +binutils 2.30 ld -v +flex 2.5.35 flex --version +bison 2.0 bison --version +pahole 1.16 pahole --version +util-linux 2.10o mount --version +kmod 13 depmod -V +e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V +jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V +xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V +squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version +btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck +pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V +quota-tools 3.09 quota -V +PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version +nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version +procps 3.2.0 ps --version +udev 081 udevd --version +grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install -= -version +mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version +iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V +openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version +bc 1.06.95 bc --version +Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx-build --version +cpio any cpio --version +GNU tar 1.28 tar --version +gtags (opzionale) 6.6.5 gtags --version +mkimage (opzionale) 2017.01 mkimage --version +Python (opzionale) 3.5.x python3 --version +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +.. [#f1] Sphinx =C3=A8 necessario solo per produrre la documentazione del = Kernel + +Compilazione del kernel +*********************** + +GCC +--- + +La versione necessaria di gcc potrebbe variare a seconda del tipo di CPU n= el +vostro calcolatore. + +Clang/LLVM (opzionale) +---------------------- + +L'ultima versione di clang e *LLVM utils* (secondo `releases.llvm.org +`_) sono supportati per la generazione del +kernel. Non garantiamo che anche i rilasci pi=C3=B9 vecchi funzionino, ino= ltre +potremmo rimuovere gli espedienti che abbiamo implementato per farli +funzionare. Per maggiori informazioni +:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM `. + +Rust (opzionale) +---------------- + +=C3=88 necessaria una versione recente del compilatore Rust. + +Verificate le istruzioni Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst su come soddis= fare i +requisiti per compilare code Rust. In particolare, la regola ``rustavailab= le`` +nel ``Makefile`` =C3=A8 utile per verificare perch=C3=A9 gli strumenti di = compilazione non +vengono trovati. + +bindgen (opzionale) +------------------- + +``bindgen`` viene usato per generare il collegamento (binding) da Rust al = lato C del kernel. Dipende da ``libclang``. + +Make +---- + +Per compilare il kernel vi servir=C3=A0 GNU make 4.0 o successivo. + +Bash +---- +Per generare il kernel vengono usati alcuni script per bash. +Questo richiede bash 4.2 o successivo. + +Binutils +-------- + +Per generare il kernel =C3=A8 necessario avere Binutils 2.30 o superiore. + +pkg-config +---------- + +Il sistema di compilazione, dalla versione 4.18, richiede pkg-config per +verificare l'esistenza degli strumenti kconfig e per determinare le +impostazioni da usare in 'make {g,x}config'. Precedentemente pkg-config +veniva usato ma non verificato o documentato. + +Flex +---- + +Dalla versione 4.16, il sistema di compilazione, durante l'esecuzione, gen= era +un analizzatore lessicale. Questo richiede flex 2.5.35 o successivo. + +Bison +----- + +Dalla versione 4.16, il sistema di compilazione, durante l'esecuzione, gen= era +un parsificatore. Questo richiede bison 2.0 o successivo. + +pahole +------ + +Dalla versione 5.2, quando viene impostato CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF, il siste= ma di +compilazione genera BTF (BPF Type Format) a partire da DWARF per vmlinux. = Pi=C3=B9 +tardi anche per i moduli. Questo richiede pahole v1.16 o successivo. + +A seconda della distribuzione, lo si pu=C3=B2 trovare nei pacchetti 'dwarv= es' o +'pahole'. Oppure lo si pu=C3=B2 trovare qui: https://fedorapeople.org/~acm= e/dwarves/. + +Perl +---- + +Per compilare il kernel vi servir=C3=A0 perl 5 e i seguenti moduli ``Getop= t::Long``, +``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, e ``File::Find``. + +BC +-- + +Vi servir=C3=A0 bc per compilare i kernel dal 3.10 in poi. + +OpenSSL +------- + +Il programma OpenSSL e la libreria crypto vengono usati per la firma dei m= oduli +e la gestione dei certificati; sono usati per la creazione della chiave e +la generazione della firma. + +Se la firma dei moduli =C3=A8 abilitata, allora vi servir=C3=A0 openssl pe= r compilare il +kernel 3.7 e successivi. Vi serviranno anche i pacchetti di sviluppo di +openssl per compilare il kernel 4.3 o successivi. + +Tar +--- + +GNU Tar =C3=A8 necessario per accedere ai file d'intestazione del kernel u= sando sysfs +(CONFIG_IKHEADERS) + +gtags / GNU GLOBAL (opzionale) +------------------------------ + +Il programma GNU GLOBAL versione 6.6.5, o successiva, =C3=A8 necessario qu= ando si +vuole eseguire ``make gtags`` e generare i relativi indici. Internamente s= i fa +uso del parametro gtags ``-C (--directory)`` che compare in questa version= e. + +mkimage +------- + +Questo strumento viene usato per produrre un *Flat Image Tree* (FIT), +tipicamente usato su sistemi ARM. Questo strumento =C3=A8 disponibile tram= ite il +pacchetto ``u-boot-tools`` oppure pu=C3=B2 essere compilato dal codice sor= gente di +U-Boot. Consultate le istruzioni +https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux + + +Strumenti di sistema +******************** + +Modifiche architetturali +------------------------ + +DevFS =C3=A8 stato reso obsoleto da udev +(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) + +Il supporto per UID a 32-bit =C3=A8 ora disponibile. Divertitevi! + +La documentazione delle funzioni in Linux =C3=A8 una fase di transizione +verso una documentazione integrata nei sorgenti stessi usando dei commenti +formattati in modo speciale e posizionati vicino alle funzioni che descriv= ono. +Al fine di arricchire la documentazione, questi commenti possono essere +combinati con i file ReST presenti in Documentation/; questi potranno +poi essere convertiti in formato PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB o PDF. +Per convertire i documenti da ReST al formato che volete, avete bisogno di +Sphinx. + +Util-linux +---------- + +Le versioni pi=C3=B9 recenti di util-linux: forniscono il supporto a ``fdi= sk`` per +dischi di grandi dimensioni; supportano le nuove opzioni di mount; riconos= cono +pi=C3=B9 tipi di partizioni; hanno un fdformat che funziona con i kernel 2= .4; +e altre chicche. Probabilmente vorrete aggiornarlo. + +Ksymoops +-------- + +Se l'impensabile succede e il kernel va in oops, potrebbe servirvi lo stru= mento +ksymoops per decodificarlo, ma nella maggior parte dei casi non vi servir= =C3=A0. +Generalmente =C3=A8 preferibile compilare il kernel con l'opzione ``CONFIG= _KALLSYMS`` +cosicch=C3=A9 venga prodotto un output pi=C3=B9 leggibile che pu=C3=B2 ess= ere usato cos=C3=AC com'=C3=A8 +(produce anche un output migliore di ksymoops). Se per qualche motivo il +vostro kernel non =C3=A8 stato compilato con ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` e non ave= te modo di +ricompilarlo e riprodurre l'oops con quell'opzione abilitata, allora potete +usare ksymoops per decodificare l'oops. + +Mkinitrd +-------- + +I cambiamenti della struttura in ``/lib/modules`` necessita l'aggiornament= o di +mkinitrd. + +E2fsprogs +--------- + +L'ultima versione di ``e2fsprogs`` corregge diversi bachi in fsck e debugf= s. +Ovviamente, aggiornarlo =C3=A8 una buona idea. + +JFSutils +-------- + +Il pacchetto ``jfsutils`` contiene programmi per il file-system JFS. +Sono disponibili i seguenti strumenti: + +- ``fsck.jfs`` - avvia la ripetizione del log delle transizioni, e verific= a e + ripara una partizione formattata secondo JFS + +- ``mkfs.jfs`` - crea una partizione formattata secondo JFS + +- sono disponibili altri strumenti per il file-system. + +Xfsprogs +-------- + +L'ultima versione di ``xfsprogs`` contiene, fra i tanti, i programmi +``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db`` e ``xfs_repair`` per il file-system XFS. +Dipendono dell'architettura e qualsiasi versione dalla 2.0.0 in poi +dovrebbe funzionare correttamente con la versione corrente del codice +XFS nel kernel (sono raccomandate le versioni 2.6.0 o successive per via +di importanti miglioramenti). + +PCMCIAutils +----------- + +PCMCIAutils sostituisce ``pcmica-cs``. Serve ad impostare correttamente i +connettori PCMCIA all'avvio del sistema e a caricare i moduli necessari per +i dispositivi a 16-bit se il kernel =C3=A8 stato modularizzato e il sottos= istema +hotplug =C3=A8 in uso. + +Quota-tools +----------- + +Il supporto per uid e gid a 32 bit richiedono l'uso della versione 2 del +formato quota. La versione 3.07 e successive di quota-tools supportano +questo formato. Usate la versione raccomandata nella lista qui sopra o una +successiva. + +Micro codice per Intel IA32 +--------------------------- + +Per poter aggiornare il micro codice per Intel IA32, =C3=A8 stato aggiunto= un +apposito driver; il driver =C3=A8 accessibile come un normale dispositivo a +caratteri (misc). Se non state usando udev probabilmente sar=C3=A0 necess= ario +eseguire i seguenti comandi come root prima di poterlo aggiornare:: + + mkdir /dev/cpu + mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 + chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode + +Probabilmente, vorrete anche il programma microcode_ctl da usare con questo +dispositivo. + +udev +---- + +``udev`` =C3=A8 un programma in spazio utente il cui scopo =C3=A8 quello d= i popolare +dinamicamente la cartella ``/dev`` coi dispositivi effettivamente presenti. +``udev`` sostituisce le funzionalit=C3=A0 base di devfs, consentendo comun= que +nomi persistenti per i dispositivi. + +FUSE +---- + +Serve libfuse 2.4.0 o successiva. Il requisito minimo assoluto =C3=A8 2.3= .0 ma +le opzioni di mount ``direct_io`` e ``kernel_cache`` non funzioneranno. + + +Rete +**** + +Cambiamenti generali +-------------------- + +Se per quanto riguarda la configurazione di rete avete esigenze di un certo +livello dovreste prendere in considerazione l'uso degli strumenti in ip-ro= ute2. + +Filtro dei pacchetti / NAT +-------------------------- + +Il codice per filtraggio dei pacchetti e il NAT fanno uso degli stessi +strumenti come nelle versioni del kernel antecedenti la 2.4.x (iptables). +Include ancora moduli di compatibilit=C3=A0 per 2.2.x ipchains e 2.0.x ipd= wadm. + +PPP +--- + +Il driver per PPP =C3=A8 stato ristrutturato per supportare collegamenti m= ultipli e +per funzionare su diversi livelli. Se usate PPP, aggiornate pppd almeno a= lla +versione 2.4.0. + +Se non usate udev, dovete avere un file /dev/ppp che pu=C3=B2 essere creat= o da root +col seguente comando:: + + mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 + + +NFS-utils +--------- + +Nei kernel pi=C3=B9 antichi (2.4 e precedenti), il server NFS doveva essere +informato sui clienti ai quali si voleva fornire accesso via NFS. Questa +informazione veniva passata al kernel quando un cliente montava un file-sy= stem +mediante ``mountd``, oppure usando ``exportfs`` all'avvio del sistema. +exportfs prende le informazioni circa i clienti attivi da ``/var/lib/nfs/r= mtab``. + +Questo approccio =C3=A8 piuttosto delicato perch=C3=A9 dipende dalla corre= ttezza di +rmtab, che non =C3=A8 facile da garantire, in particolare quando si cerca = di +implementare un *failover*. Anche quando il sistema funziona bene, ``rmta= b`` +ha il problema di accumulare vecchie voci inutilizzate. + +Sui kernel pi=C3=B9 recenti il kernel ha la possibilit=C3=A0 di informare = mountd quando +arriva una richiesta da una macchina sconosciuta, e mountd pu=C3=B2 dare a= l kernel +le informazioni corrette per l'esportazione. Questo rimuove la dipendenza= con +``rmtab`` e significa che il kernel deve essere al corrente solo dei clien= ti +attivi. + +Per attivare questa funzionalit=C3=A0, dovete eseguire il seguente comando= prima di +usare exportfs o mountd:: + + mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd + +Dove possibile, raccomandiamo di proteggere tutti i servizi NFS dall'acces= so +via internet mediante un firewall. + +mcelog +------ + +Quando ``CONFIG_x86_MCE`` =C3=A8 attivo, il programma mcelog processa e re= gistra +gli eventi *machine check*. Gli eventi *machine check* sono errori riport= ati +dalla CPU. Incoraggiamo l'analisi di questi errori. + + +Documentazione del kernel +************************* + +Sphinx +------ + +Per i dettaglio sui requisiti di Sphinx, fate riferimento a :ref:`it_sphin= x_install` +in :ref:`Documentation/translations/it_IT/doc-guide/sphinx.rst ` + +Ottenere software aggiornato +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D + +Compilazione del kernel +*********************** + +gcc +--- + +- + +Clang/LLVM +---------- + +- :ref:`Getting LLVM `. + +Make +---- + +- + +Bash +---- + +- + +Binutils +-------- + +- + +Flex +---- + +- + +Bison +----- + +- + +OpenSSL +------- + +- + +Strumenti di sistema +******************** + +Util-linux +---------- + +- + +Kmod +---- + +- +- + +Ksymoops +-------- + +- + +Mkinitrd +-------- + +- + +E2fsprogs +--------- + +- +- + +JFSutils +-------- + +- + +Xfsprogs +-------- + +- +- + +Pcmciautils +----------- + +- + +Quota-tools +----------- + +- + + +Microcodice Intel P6 +-------------------- + +- + +udev +---- + +- + +FUSE +---- + +- + +mcelog +------ + +- + +cpio +---- + +- + +Rete +**** + +PPP +--- + +- +- +- + + +NFS-utils +--------- + +- +- + +Iptables +-------- + +- + +Ip-route2 +--------- + +- + +OProfile +-------- + +- + +Documentazione del kernel +************************* + +Sphinx +------ + +- diff --git a/Documentation/translations/ja_JP/process/howto.rst b/Documenta= tion/translations/ja_JP/process/howto.rst index 8ab47fc710fc..57ed639653a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/ja_JP/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/ja_JP/process/howto.rst @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ linux-api@vger.kernel.org =E3=81=AB=E9=80=81=E3=82=8B= =E3=81=93=E3=81=A8=E3=82=92=E5=8B=A7=E3=82=81=E3=81=BE=E3=81=99=E3=80=82 =E3=81=A6=E3=81=84=E3=81=BE=E3=81=99=E3=80=82 =E3=82=AB=E3=83=BC=E3=83= =8D=E3=83=AB=E3=81=AB=E9=96=A2=E3=81=97=E3=81=A6=E5=88=9D=E3=82=81=E3=81=A6= =E3=81=AE=E4=BA=BA=E3=81=AF=E3=81=93=E3=81=93=E3=81=8B=E3=82=89=E3=82=B9=E3= =82=BF=E3=83=BC=E3=83=88=E3=81=99=E3=82=8B=E3=81=A8=E8=89=AF=E3=81=84 =E3=81=A7=E3=81=97=E3=82=87=E3=81=86=E3=80=82 =20 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E3=81=93=E3=81=AE=E3=83=95=E3=82=A1=E3=82=A4=E3=83=AB=E3=81=AF=E3=82= =AB=E3=83=BC=E3=83=8D=E3=83=AB=E3=82=92=E3=81=86=E3=81=BE=E3=81=8F=E7=94=9F= =E6=88=90(=E8=A8=B3=E6=B3=A8 build )=E3=81=97=E3=80=81=E8=B5=B0=E3=82=89=E3= =81=9B=E3=82=8B=E3=81=AE=E3=81=AB=E6=9C=80 =E5=B0=8F=E9=99=90=E3=81=AE=E3=83=AC=E3=83=99=E3=83=AB=E3=81=A7=E5=BF= =85=E8=A6=81=E3=81=AA=E6=95=B0=E3=80=85=E3=81=AE=E3=82=BD=E3=83=95=E3=83=88= =E3=82=A6=E3=82=A7=E3=82=A2=E3=83=91=E3=83=83=E3=82=B1=E3=83=BC=E3=82=B8=E3= =81=AE=E4=B8=80=E8=A6=A7=E3=82=92=E7=A4=BA=E3=81=97=E3=81=A6=E3=81=84 =E3=81=BE=E3=81=99=E3=80=82 diff --git a/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/process/howto.rst b/Documenta= tion/translations/ko_KR/process/howto.rst index 34f14899c155..276cc9244370 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/ko_KR/process/howto.rst @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ mtk.manpages@gmail.com=EC=9D=98 =EB=A9=94=EC=9D=B8=ED= =85=8C=EC=9D=B4=EB=84=88=EC=97=90=EA=B2=8C =EB=B3=B4=EB=82=BC =EA=B2=83=EC= =9D=84 =EA=B6=8C=EC=9E=A5=ED=95=9C=EB=8B=A4. =EB=B9=8C=EB=93=9C=ED=95=98=EA=B8=B0 =EC=9C=84=ED=95=B4 =ED=95=84=EC= =9A=94=ED=95=9C =EA=B2=83=EC=9D=84 =EC=84=A4=EB=AA=85=ED=95=9C=EB=8B=A4. = =EC=BB=A4=EB=84=90=EC=97=90 =EC=9E=85=EB=AC=B8=ED=95=98=EB=8A=94 =EC=82=AC= =EB=9E=8C=EB=93=A4=EC=9D=80 =EC=97=AC=EA=B8=B0=EC=84=9C =EC=8B=9C=EC=9E=91=ED=95=B4=EC=95=BC =ED=95=9C=EB=8B=A4. =20 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =EC=9D=B4 =ED=8C=8C=EC=9D=BC=EC=9D=80 =EC=BB=A4=EB=84=90=EC=9D=84 =EC= =84=B1=EA=B3=B5=EC=A0=81=EC=9C=BC=EB=A1=9C =EB=B9=8C=EB=93=9C=ED=95=98=EA= =B3=A0 =EC=8B=A4=ED=96=89=EC=8B=9C=ED=82=A4=EA=B8=B0 =EC=9C=84=ED=95=B4 =ED= =95=84=EC=9A=94=ED=95=9C =EB=8B=A4=EC=96=91=ED=95=9C =EC=86=8C=ED=94=84=ED=8A=B8=EC=9B=A8=EC=96=B4 =ED=8C=A8=ED=82=A4=EC=A7= =80=EB=93=A4=EC=9D=98 =EC=B5=9C=EC=86=8C =EB=B2=84=EC=A0=BC=EC=9D=84 =EB=82= =98=EC=97=B4=ED=95=9C=EB=8B=A4. =20 diff --git a/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst b/Documen= tation/translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 51c7fe41663e..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,576 +0,0 @@ -.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 - - - -Requisitos m=C3=ADnimos para compilar o Kernel -++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ - -Introdu=C3=A7=C3=A3o -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -Este documento foi projetado para fornecer uma lista das vers=C3=B5es m=C3= =ADnimas -de software necess=C3=A1rias para executar a vers=C3=A3o atual do kernel. - -Este documento =C3=A9 originalmente baseado no meu arquivo 'Changes' para = os kernels -2.0.x e portanto, deve cr=C3=A9ditos =C3=A0s mesmas pessoas que aquele arq= uivo (Jared -Mauch, Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala e in=C3=BAmeros outros usu=C3=A1rios = em toda a rede). - -Requisitos M=C3=ADnimos Atuais -**************************** - -Atualize para pelo menos estas revis=C3=B5es de software antes de pensar q= ue -encontrou um bug! Se n=C3=A3o tiver certeza de qual vers=C3=A3o est=C3=A1 = executando atualmente -, o comando sugerido deve lhe informar. Para uma lista dos programas em seu -sistema, incluindo as vers=C3=B5es, execute ./scripts/ver_linux. - -Novamente, tenha em mente que esta lista pressup=C3=B5e que voc=C3=AA j=C3= =A1 possui um kernel -Linux em execu=C3=A7=C3=A3o funcional. Al=C3=A9m disso, nem todas as ferra= mentas s=C3=A3o -necess=C3=A1rias em todos os sistemas; obviamente, se voc=C3=AA n=C3=A3o p= ossui nenhum hardware -PC Card por exemplo, provavelmente n=C3=A3o precisar=C3=A1 se preocupar co= m o pcmciautils. - -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D -Programa Vers=C3=A3o m=C3=ADnima Comando para verificar a= vers=C3=A3o -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D -GNU C 8.1 gcc --version -Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version -Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version -bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version -GNU make 4.0 make --version -bash 4.2 bash --version -binutils 2.30 ld -v -flex 2.5.35 flex --version -gdb 7.2 gdb --version -bison 2.0 bison --version -pahole 1.22 pahole --version -util-linux 2.10o mount --version -kmod 13 kmod -V -e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V -jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V -xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V -squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version -btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version -pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V -quota-tools 3.09 quota -V -PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version -nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version -procps 3.2.0 ps --version -udev 081 udevadm --version -grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion -mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version -iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V -openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version -bc 1.06.95 bc --version -Sphinx [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version -GNU tar 1.28 tar --version -gtags (opcional) 6.6.5 gtags --version -mkimage (opcional) 2017.01 mkimage --version -Python 3.9.x python3 --version -GNU AWK (opcional) 5.1.0 gawk --version -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D - -.. [#f1] O Sphinx =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio apenas para gerar a documenta=C3= =A7=C3=A3o do Kernel. - -Compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do Kernel -********************* - -GCC ---- - -Os requisitos da vers=C3=A3o do gcc podem variar dependendo do tipo de CPU -do seu computador. - -Clang/LLVM (opcional) ---------------------- - -A vers=C3=A3o formal mais recente do clang e dos utilit=C3=A1rios LLVM (de= acordo com -`releases.llvm.org `_) =C3=A9 suportada para a = compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o -de kernels. Vers=C3=B5es anteriores n=C3=A3o t=C3=AAm funcionamento garant= ido, e poderemos -remover do kernel solu=C3=A7=C3=B5es de contorno (workarounds) que eram ut= ilizadas para -suportar vers=C3=B5es mais antigas. Por favor, veja a documenta=C3=A7=C3= =A3o adicional em -:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM `. - -Rust (opcional) ---------------- - -=C3=89 necess=C3=A1ria uma vers=C3=A3o recente do compilador Rust. - -Por favor, consulte Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst para obter instru= =C3=A7=C3=B5es -sobre como atender aos requisitos de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do suporte a Rus= t. Em -particular, o alvo (target) rustavailable do Makefile =C3=A9 =C3=BAtil par= a verificar por -que a cadeia de ferramentas (toolchain) Rust pode n=C3=A3o estar sendo det= ectada. - -bindgen (opcional) ------------------- - -O ``bindgen`` =C3=A9 utilizado para gerar os v=C3=ADnculos (bindings) Rust= para o lado C -do kernel. Ele depende da ``libclang``. - -Make ----- - -Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do GNU make 4.0 ou superior para compilar o kerne= l. - -Bash ----- - -Alguns scripts bash s=C3=A3o usados para a compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do kernel. -=C3=89 necess=C3=A1rio o Bash 4.2 ou mais recente. - -Binutils --------- - -O binutils 2.30 ou mais recente =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio para compilar o ker= nel. - -pkg-config ----------- - -O sistema de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o, a partir da vers=C3=A3o 4.18, requer o = pkg-config para -verificar as ferramentas kconfig instaladas e para determinar as configura= =C3=A7=C3=B5es -de flags para uso em 'make {g,x}config'. Anteriormente, o pkg-config j=C3= =A1 era -utilizado, mas n=C3=A3o era verificado nem documentado. - -Flex ----- - -Desde o Linux 4.16, o sistema de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o gera analisadores l= =C3=A9xicos durante a -compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o. Isso requer o flex 2.5.35 ou superior. - - -Bison ------ - -Desde o Linux 4.16, o sistema de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o gera analisadores si= nt=C3=A1ticos durante -a compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o. Isso requer o bison 2.0 ou superior - -pahole ------- - -Desde o Linux 5.2, se CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF estiver selecionado, o sistema= de -compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o gera BTF (BPF Type Format) a partir do DWARF no vmlin= ux, e um pouco -depois para os m=C3=B3dulos do kernel tamb=C3=A9m. Isso requer o pahole v1= .22 ou superior. - -Ele pode ser encontrado nos pacotes ``dwarves`` ou ``pahole`` das -distribui=C3=A7=C3=B5es, ou em https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. - -Perl ----- - -Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do perl 5 e dos seguintes m=C3=B3dulos: ``Getopt:= :Long``, -``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename`` e ``File::Find`` para compilar o kerne= l. - -Python ------- - -V=C3=A1rias op=C3=A7=C3=B5es de configura=C3=A7=C3=A3o o exigem: ele =C3= =A9 necess=C3=A1rio para as configura=C3=A7=C3=B5es -padr=C3=A3o (defconfigs) de arm/arm64, CONFIG_LTO_CLANG, algumas configura= =C3=A7=C3=B5es -opcionais de DRM, a ferramenta kernel-doc e a gera=C3=A7=C3=A3o da documen= ta=C3=A7=C3=A3o (Sphinx), -entre outros. - -BC --- - -Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do bc para compilar kernels 3.10 ou superior. - - -OpenSSL -------- - -A assinatura de m=C3=B3dulos e a manipula=C3=A7=C3=A3o de certificados ext= ernos utilizam o -programa OpenSSL e a biblioteca de criptografia para realizar a cria=C3=A7= =C3=A3o de -chaves e a gera=C3=A7=C3=A3o de assinaturas. - -Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do openssl para compilar kernels 3.7 e superiores= se a assinatura -de m=C3=B3dulos estiver habilitada. Voc=C3=AA tamb=C3=A9m precisar=C3=A1 d= os pacotes de -desenvolvimento do openssl para compilar kernels 4.3 e superiores. - -Tar ---- - -O GNU tar =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio caso voc=C3=AA deseje habilitar o acesso = aos cabe=C3=A7alhos do -kernel via sysfs (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). - -gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) ------------------------------ - -A compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do kernel requer o GNU GLOBAL vers=C3=A3o 6.6.5 ou = superior para gerar -arquivos de tags atrav=C3=A9s de make gtags. Isso se deve ao uso da flag `= `-C -(--directory)`` pelo ``gtags``. - -mkimage -------- - -Esta ferramenta =C3=A9 utilizada ao gerar uma Flat Image Tree (FIT), comum= ente usada -em plataformas ARM. A ferramenta est=C3=A1 dispon=C3=ADvel atrav=C3=A9s do= pacote ``u-boot-tools`` -ou pode ser compilada a partir do c=C3=B3digo-fonte do U-Boot. Veja as ins= tru=C3=A7=C3=B5es em -https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux - -GNU AWK -------- - -O GNU AWK =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio caso voc=C3=AA deseje que a compila=C3=A7= =C3=A3o do kernel gere dados de -intervalo de endere=C3=A7os para -m=C3=B3dulos integrados (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES). - -Utilit=C3=A1rios de sistema -*********************** - -Mudan=C3=A7as de arquitetura ------------------------- - -O DevFS tornou-se obsoleto em favor do udev -(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) - -O suporte a UIDs de 32 bits j=C3=A1 est=C3=A1 implementado. Divirta-se! - -A documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o das fun=C3=A7=C3=B5es do Linux est=C3=A1 migrando= para a documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o embutida -(inline), por meio de coment=C3=A1rios com formata=C3=A7=C3=A3o especial p= r=C3=B3ximos =C3=A0s suas -defini=C3=A7=C3=B5es no c=C3=B3digo-fonte. Esses coment=C3=A1rios podem se= r combinados com arquivos -ReST no diret=C3=B3rio Documentation/ para criar uma documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3= o enriquecida, que -pode ent=C3=A3o ser convertida para arquivos PostScript, HTML, LaTeX, ePUB= e PDF. -Para converter do formato ReST para o formato de sua escolha, voc=C3=AA pr= ecisar=C3=A1 do -Sphinx. - -Util-linux ----------- - -Novas vers=C3=B5es do util-linux oferecem suporte no ``fdisk`` para discos= maiores, -suporte a novas op=C3=A7=C3=B5es para o mount, reconhecimento de mais tipo= s de parti=C3=A7=C3=A3o e -outras funcionalidades interessantes. Voc=C3=AA provavelmente vai querer a= tualizar. - -Ksymoops --------- - -Se o impens=C3=A1vel acontecer e o seu kernel sofrer um oops, voc=C3=AA po= de precisar da -ferramenta ksymoops para decodific=C3=A1-lo, mas na maioria dos casos, n= =C3=A3o ser=C3=A1 -necess=C3=A1rio. =C3=89 geralmente prefer=C3=ADvel compilar o kernel com `= `CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` para -que ele produza dumps leg=C3=ADveis que possam ser usados no estado em que= se -encontram (isso tamb=C3=A9m gera uma sa=C3=ADda melhor do que a do ksymoop= s). -Se por algum motivo o seu kernel n=C3=A3o for compilado com ``CONFIG_KALLS= YMS`` e voc=C3=AA -n=C3=A3o tiver como recompilar e reproduzir o oops com essa op=C3=A7=C3=A3= o, voc=C3=AA ainda poder=C3=A1 -decodific=C3=A1-lo com o ksymoops. - -Mkinitrd --------- - -Estas mudan=C3=A7as no layout da =C3=A1rvore de arquivos ``/lib/modules`` = tamb=C3=A9m exigem que o -mkinitrd seja atualizado. - -E2fsprogs ---------- - -A vers=C3=A3o mais recente do ``e2fsprogs`` corrige diversos bugs no fsck = e no debugfs. -Obviamente, =C3=A9 uma boa ideia atualizar. - -JFSutils --------- - -O pacote jfsutils cont=C3=A9m os utilit=C3=A1rios para o sistema de arquiv= os. Os seguintes -utilit=C3=A1rios est=C3=A3o dispon=C3=ADveis: - -- ``fsck.jfs`` - inicia a reprodu=C3=A7=C3=A3o (replay) do log de transa= =C3=A7=C3=B5es, al=C3=A9m de - verificar e reparar uma parti=C3=A7=C3=A3o formatada em JFS. - -- ``mkfs.jfs`` - cria uma parti=C3=A7=C3=A3o formatada em JFS. - -Outros utilit=C3=A1rios de sistema de arquivos tamb=C3=A9m est=C3=A3o disp= on=C3=ADveis neste pacote. - -Xfsprogs --------- - -A vers=C3=A3o mais recente do ``xfsprogs`` cont=C3=A9m os utilit=C3=A1rios= ``mkfs.xfs``, -``xfs_db`` e ``xfs_repair``, entre outros, para o sistema de arquivos XFS.= Ele =C3=A9 -independente de arquitetura e qualquer vers=C3=A3o a partir da 2.0.0 deve = funcionar -corretamente com esta vers=C3=A3o do c=C3=B3digo do kernel XFS (recomenda-= se a -vers=C3=A3o 2.6.0 ou posterior, devido a algumas melhorias significativas). - -PCMCIAutils ------------ - -O PCMCIAutils substitui o pcmcia-cs. Ele configura corretamente os sockets -PCMCIA na inicializa=C3=A7=C3=A3o do sistema e carrega os m=C3=B3dulos apr= opriados para -dispositivos PCMCIA de 16 bits, caso o kernel esteja modularizado e o subs= istema -de hotplug seja utilizado. - -Quota-tools ------------ - -O suporte a UIDs e GIDs de 32 bits =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio caso voc=C3=AA d= eseje utilizar o -formato de cota vers=C3=A3o 2 mais recente. O quota-tools vers=C3=A3o 3.07= e superiores -possuem esse suporte. Utilize a vers=C3=A3o recomendada ou superior da tab= ela acima. - -Intel IA32 microcode --------------------- - -Um driver foi adicionado para permitir a atualiza=C3=A7=C3=A3o do microc= =C3=B3digo Intel IA32, -acess=C3=ADvel como um dispositivo de caracteres comum (misc). Se voc=C3= =AA n=C3=A3o estiver -usando o udev, voc=C3=AA poder=C3=A1 precisar de:: - - mkdir /dev/cpu - mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 - chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode - -voc=C3=AA poder=C3=A1 precisar executar os comandos -acima como root antes de poder usar isso. Voc=C3=AA provavelmente tamb=C3= =A9m desejar=C3=A1 -obter o utilit=C3=A1rio de espa=C3=A7o de usu=C3=A1rio ``microcode_ctl`` p= ara utilizar em -conjunto com este driver. - -udev ----- - -O udev =C3=A9 uma aplica=C3=A7=C3=A3o de espa=C3=A7o de usu=C3=A1rio para = popular o diret=C3=B3rio /dev -dinamicamente, apenas com entradas para dispositivos de fato presentes no -sistema. O udev substitui a funcionalidade b=C3=A1sica do devfs, permitind= o ao mesmo -tempo a nomea=C3=A7=C3=A3o persistente de dispositivos. - -FUSE ----- - -Necessita do libfuse 2.4.0 ou posterior. O m=C3=ADnimo absoluto =C3=A9 a v= ers=C3=A3o 2.3.0, -mas as op=C3=A7=C3=B5es de montagem direct_io e kernel_cache n=C3=A3o func= ionar=C3=A3o. - -Redes -****** - -Mudan=C3=A7as gerais ----------------- - -Caso voc=C3=AA tenha necessidades avan=C3=A7adas de configura=C3=A7=C3=A3o= de rede, voc=C3=AA deve -provavelmente considerar o uso das ferramentas de rede do iproute2. - -Filtro de Pacotes / NAT ------------------------- - -O c=C3=B3digo de filtragem de pacotes e NAT utiliza as mesmas ferramentas = da s=C3=A9rie -anterior de kernels 2.4.x (iptables). Ele ainda inclui m=C3=B3dulos de -retrocompatibilidade para o ipchains (estilo 2.2.x) e o ipfwadm (estilo 2.= 0.x). - -PPP ---- - -O driver PPP foi reestruturado para suportar multilink e permitir que opere -sobre diversas camadas de m=C3=ADdia. Se voc=C3=AA utiliza PPP, atualize o= pppd para, no -m=C3=ADnimo, a vers=C3=A3o 2.4.0. - -Se voc=C3=AA n=C3=A3o estiver usando o udev, voc=C3=AA deve possuir o arqu= ivo de dispositivo -``/dev/ppp``, o qual pode ser criado por:: - - mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 - -como root. - -NFS-utils ---------- - -Em kernels antigos (2.4 e anteriores), o servidor NFS precisava conhecer -qualquer cliente que pretendesse acessar arquivos via NFS. Essa informa=C3= =A7=C3=A3o era -fornecida ao kernel pelo mountd quando o cliente montava o sistema de arqu= ivos, -ou pelo exportfs na inicializa=C3=A7=C3=A3o do sistema. O exportfs obtinha= informa=C3=A7=C3=B5es -sobre clientes ativos a partir de /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. - -Esta abordagem =C3=A9 bastante fr=C3=A1gil, pois depende da integridade do= rmtab, o que -nem sempre =C3=A9 f=C3=A1cil, particularmente ao tentar implementar fail-o= ver. Mesmo -quando o sistema est=C3=A1 funcionando bem, o rmtab sofre com o ac=C3=BAmu= lo de muitas -entradas antigas que nunca s=C3=A3o removidas. - -Com kernels modernos, temos a op=C3=A7=C3=A3o de fazer o kernel informar a= o mountd quando -recebe uma requisi=C3=A7=C3=A3o de um host desconhecido, permitindo que o = mountd forne=C3=A7a -as informa=C3=A7=C3=B5es de exporta=C3=A7=C3=A3o apropriadas ao kernel. Is= so remove a depend=C3=AAncia do -rmtab e significa que o kernel s=C3=B3 precisa conhecer os clientes ativos= no -momento. - -Para habilitar esta nova funcionalidade, voc=C3=AA precisa:: - - mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd - -antes de executar o exportfs ou o mountd. Recomenda-se que todos os servi= =C3=A7os NFS -sejam protegidos da internet em geral por um firewall, sempre que poss=C3= =ADvel. - -mcelog ------- - -Em kernels x86, o utilit=C3=A1rio mcelog =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio para proce= ssar e registrar -eventos de machine check quando op=C3=A7=C3=A3o CONFIG_X86_MCE est=C3=A1 a= tivada. Eventos de -machine check s=C3=A3o erros relatados pela CPU. O processamento desses ev= entos =C3=A9 -fortemente recomendado. - -Documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o do Kernel -*********************** - -Sphinx ------- - -Por favor, consulte Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst para detalhes sobre= os -requisitos do Sphinx. - -rustdoc -------- - -O rustdoc =C3=A9 utilizado para gerar a documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o para c=C3= =B3digo Rust. Por favor, -consulte Documentation/rust/general-information.rst para mais informa=C3= =A7=C3=B5es. - -Obtendo software atualizado -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D - -Compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do kernel -********************** - -gcc ---- - -- - -Clang/LLVM ----------- - -- :ref:`Getting LLVM `. - -Rust ----- - -- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. - -bindgen -------- - -- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. - -Make ----- - -- - -Bash ----- - -- - -Binutils --------- - -- - -Flex ----- - -- - -Bison ------ - -- - -OpenSSL -------- - -- - -System utilities -**************** - -Util-linux ----------- - -- - -Kmod ----- - -- -- - -Ksymoops --------- - -- - -Mkinitrd --------- - -- - -E2fsprogs ---------- - -- -- - -JFSutils --------- - -- - -Xfsprogs --------- - -- -- - -Pcmciautils ------------ - -- - -Quota-tools ------------ - -- - - -Intel P6 microcode ------------------- - -- - -udev ----- - -- - -FUSE ----- - -- - -mcelog ------- - -- - -Redes -****** - -PPP ---- - -- -- -- - -NFS-utils ---------- - -- -- - -Iptables --------- - -- - -Ip-route2 ---------- - -- - -OProfile --------- - -- - -Kernel documentation -******************** - -Sphinx ------- - -- diff --git a/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst b/Documen= tation/translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst new file mode 120000 index 000000000000..ca8d404e9bcc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/changes.rst @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +/home/manuel/linux/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requi= rements.rst \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements= .rst b/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..51c7fe41663e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -0,0 +1,576 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + + + +Requisitos m=C3=ADnimos para compilar o Kernel +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ + +Introdu=C3=A7=C3=A3o +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +Este documento foi projetado para fornecer uma lista das vers=C3=B5es m=C3= =ADnimas +de software necess=C3=A1rias para executar a vers=C3=A3o atual do kernel. + +Este documento =C3=A9 originalmente baseado no meu arquivo 'Changes' para = os kernels +2.0.x e portanto, deve cr=C3=A9ditos =C3=A0s mesmas pessoas que aquele arq= uivo (Jared +Mauch, Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala e in=C3=BAmeros outros usu=C3=A1rios = em toda a rede). + +Requisitos M=C3=ADnimos Atuais +**************************** + +Atualize para pelo menos estas revis=C3=B5es de software antes de pensar q= ue +encontrou um bug! Se n=C3=A3o tiver certeza de qual vers=C3=A3o est=C3=A1 = executando atualmente +, o comando sugerido deve lhe informar. Para uma lista dos programas em seu +sistema, incluindo as vers=C3=B5es, execute ./scripts/ver_linux. + +Novamente, tenha em mente que esta lista pressup=C3=B5e que voc=C3=AA j=C3= =A1 possui um kernel +Linux em execu=C3=A7=C3=A3o funcional. Al=C3=A9m disso, nem todas as ferra= mentas s=C3=A3o +necess=C3=A1rias em todos os sistemas; obviamente, se voc=C3=AA n=C3=A3o p= ossui nenhum hardware +PC Card por exemplo, provavelmente n=C3=A3o precisar=C3=A1 se preocupar co= m o pcmciautils. + +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D +Programa Vers=C3=A3o m=C3=ADnima Comando para verificar a= vers=C3=A3o +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D +GNU C 8.1 gcc --version +Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version +Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version +bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version +GNU make 4.0 make --version +bash 4.2 bash --version +binutils 2.30 ld -v +flex 2.5.35 flex --version +gdb 7.2 gdb --version +bison 2.0 bison --version +pahole 1.22 pahole --version +util-linux 2.10o mount --version +kmod 13 kmod -V +e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V +jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V +xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V +squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version +btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version +pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V +quota-tools 3.09 quota -V +PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version +nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version +procps 3.2.0 ps --version +udev 081 udevadm --version +grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion +mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version +iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V +openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version +bc 1.06.95 bc --version +Sphinx [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version +GNU tar 1.28 tar --version +gtags (opcional) 6.6.5 gtags --version +mkimage (opcional) 2017.01 mkimage --version +Python 3.9.x python3 --version +GNU AWK (opcional) 5.1.0 gawk --version +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D + +.. [#f1] O Sphinx =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio apenas para gerar a documenta=C3= =A7=C3=A3o do Kernel. + +Compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do Kernel +********************* + +GCC +--- + +Os requisitos da vers=C3=A3o do gcc podem variar dependendo do tipo de CPU +do seu computador. + +Clang/LLVM (opcional) +--------------------- + +A vers=C3=A3o formal mais recente do clang e dos utilit=C3=A1rios LLVM (de= acordo com +`releases.llvm.org `_) =C3=A9 suportada para a = compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o +de kernels. Vers=C3=B5es anteriores n=C3=A3o t=C3=AAm funcionamento garant= ido, e poderemos +remover do kernel solu=C3=A7=C3=B5es de contorno (workarounds) que eram ut= ilizadas para +suportar vers=C3=B5es mais antigas. Por favor, veja a documenta=C3=A7=C3= =A3o adicional em +:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM `. + +Rust (opcional) +--------------- + +=C3=89 necess=C3=A1ria uma vers=C3=A3o recente do compilador Rust. + +Por favor, consulte Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst para obter instru= =C3=A7=C3=B5es +sobre como atender aos requisitos de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do suporte a Rus= t. Em +particular, o alvo (target) rustavailable do Makefile =C3=A9 =C3=BAtil par= a verificar por +que a cadeia de ferramentas (toolchain) Rust pode n=C3=A3o estar sendo det= ectada. + +bindgen (opcional) +------------------ + +O ``bindgen`` =C3=A9 utilizado para gerar os v=C3=ADnculos (bindings) Rust= para o lado C +do kernel. Ele depende da ``libclang``. + +Make +---- + +Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do GNU make 4.0 ou superior para compilar o kerne= l. + +Bash +---- + +Alguns scripts bash s=C3=A3o usados para a compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do kernel. +=C3=89 necess=C3=A1rio o Bash 4.2 ou mais recente. + +Binutils +-------- + +O binutils 2.30 ou mais recente =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio para compilar o ker= nel. + +pkg-config +---------- + +O sistema de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o, a partir da vers=C3=A3o 4.18, requer o = pkg-config para +verificar as ferramentas kconfig instaladas e para determinar as configura= =C3=A7=C3=B5es +de flags para uso em 'make {g,x}config'. Anteriormente, o pkg-config j=C3= =A1 era +utilizado, mas n=C3=A3o era verificado nem documentado. + +Flex +---- + +Desde o Linux 4.16, o sistema de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o gera analisadores l= =C3=A9xicos durante a +compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o. Isso requer o flex 2.5.35 ou superior. + + +Bison +----- + +Desde o Linux 4.16, o sistema de compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o gera analisadores si= nt=C3=A1ticos durante +a compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o. Isso requer o bison 2.0 ou superior + +pahole +------ + +Desde o Linux 5.2, se CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF estiver selecionado, o sistema= de +compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o gera BTF (BPF Type Format) a partir do DWARF no vmlin= ux, e um pouco +depois para os m=C3=B3dulos do kernel tamb=C3=A9m. Isso requer o pahole v1= .22 ou superior. + +Ele pode ser encontrado nos pacotes ``dwarves`` ou ``pahole`` das +distribui=C3=A7=C3=B5es, ou em https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. + +Perl +---- + +Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do perl 5 e dos seguintes m=C3=B3dulos: ``Getopt:= :Long``, +``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename`` e ``File::Find`` para compilar o kerne= l. + +Python +------ + +V=C3=A1rias op=C3=A7=C3=B5es de configura=C3=A7=C3=A3o o exigem: ele =C3= =A9 necess=C3=A1rio para as configura=C3=A7=C3=B5es +padr=C3=A3o (defconfigs) de arm/arm64, CONFIG_LTO_CLANG, algumas configura= =C3=A7=C3=B5es +opcionais de DRM, a ferramenta kernel-doc e a gera=C3=A7=C3=A3o da documen= ta=C3=A7=C3=A3o (Sphinx), +entre outros. + +BC +-- + +Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do bc para compilar kernels 3.10 ou superior. + + +OpenSSL +------- + +A assinatura de m=C3=B3dulos e a manipula=C3=A7=C3=A3o de certificados ext= ernos utilizam o +programa OpenSSL e a biblioteca de criptografia para realizar a cria=C3=A7= =C3=A3o de +chaves e a gera=C3=A7=C3=A3o de assinaturas. + +Voc=C3=AA precisar=C3=A1 do openssl para compilar kernels 3.7 e superiores= se a assinatura +de m=C3=B3dulos estiver habilitada. Voc=C3=AA tamb=C3=A9m precisar=C3=A1 d= os pacotes de +desenvolvimento do openssl para compilar kernels 4.3 e superiores. + +Tar +--- + +O GNU tar =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio caso voc=C3=AA deseje habilitar o acesso = aos cabe=C3=A7alhos do +kernel via sysfs (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). + +gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) +----------------------------- + +A compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do kernel requer o GNU GLOBAL vers=C3=A3o 6.6.5 ou = superior para gerar +arquivos de tags atrav=C3=A9s de make gtags. Isso se deve ao uso da flag `= `-C +(--directory)`` pelo ``gtags``. + +mkimage +------- + +Esta ferramenta =C3=A9 utilizada ao gerar uma Flat Image Tree (FIT), comum= ente usada +em plataformas ARM. A ferramenta est=C3=A1 dispon=C3=ADvel atrav=C3=A9s do= pacote ``u-boot-tools`` +ou pode ser compilada a partir do c=C3=B3digo-fonte do U-Boot. Veja as ins= tru=C3=A7=C3=B5es em +https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux + +GNU AWK +------- + +O GNU AWK =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio caso voc=C3=AA deseje que a compila=C3=A7= =C3=A3o do kernel gere dados de +intervalo de endere=C3=A7os para +m=C3=B3dulos integrados (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES). + +Utilit=C3=A1rios de sistema +*********************** + +Mudan=C3=A7as de arquitetura +------------------------ + +O DevFS tornou-se obsoleto em favor do udev +(https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) + +O suporte a UIDs de 32 bits j=C3=A1 est=C3=A1 implementado. Divirta-se! + +A documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o das fun=C3=A7=C3=B5es do Linux est=C3=A1 migrando= para a documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o embutida +(inline), por meio de coment=C3=A1rios com formata=C3=A7=C3=A3o especial p= r=C3=B3ximos =C3=A0s suas +defini=C3=A7=C3=B5es no c=C3=B3digo-fonte. Esses coment=C3=A1rios podem se= r combinados com arquivos +ReST no diret=C3=B3rio Documentation/ para criar uma documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3= o enriquecida, que +pode ent=C3=A3o ser convertida para arquivos PostScript, HTML, LaTeX, ePUB= e PDF. +Para converter do formato ReST para o formato de sua escolha, voc=C3=AA pr= ecisar=C3=A1 do +Sphinx. + +Util-linux +---------- + +Novas vers=C3=B5es do util-linux oferecem suporte no ``fdisk`` para discos= maiores, +suporte a novas op=C3=A7=C3=B5es para o mount, reconhecimento de mais tipo= s de parti=C3=A7=C3=A3o e +outras funcionalidades interessantes. Voc=C3=AA provavelmente vai querer a= tualizar. + +Ksymoops +-------- + +Se o impens=C3=A1vel acontecer e o seu kernel sofrer um oops, voc=C3=AA po= de precisar da +ferramenta ksymoops para decodific=C3=A1-lo, mas na maioria dos casos, n= =C3=A3o ser=C3=A1 +necess=C3=A1rio. =C3=89 geralmente prefer=C3=ADvel compilar o kernel com `= `CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` para +que ele produza dumps leg=C3=ADveis que possam ser usados no estado em que= se +encontram (isso tamb=C3=A9m gera uma sa=C3=ADda melhor do que a do ksymoop= s). +Se por algum motivo o seu kernel n=C3=A3o for compilado com ``CONFIG_KALLS= YMS`` e voc=C3=AA +n=C3=A3o tiver como recompilar e reproduzir o oops com essa op=C3=A7=C3=A3= o, voc=C3=AA ainda poder=C3=A1 +decodific=C3=A1-lo com o ksymoops. + +Mkinitrd +-------- + +Estas mudan=C3=A7as no layout da =C3=A1rvore de arquivos ``/lib/modules`` = tamb=C3=A9m exigem que o +mkinitrd seja atualizado. + +E2fsprogs +--------- + +A vers=C3=A3o mais recente do ``e2fsprogs`` corrige diversos bugs no fsck = e no debugfs. +Obviamente, =C3=A9 uma boa ideia atualizar. + +JFSutils +-------- + +O pacote jfsutils cont=C3=A9m os utilit=C3=A1rios para o sistema de arquiv= os. Os seguintes +utilit=C3=A1rios est=C3=A3o dispon=C3=ADveis: + +- ``fsck.jfs`` - inicia a reprodu=C3=A7=C3=A3o (replay) do log de transa= =C3=A7=C3=B5es, al=C3=A9m de + verificar e reparar uma parti=C3=A7=C3=A3o formatada em JFS. + +- ``mkfs.jfs`` - cria uma parti=C3=A7=C3=A3o formatada em JFS. + +Outros utilit=C3=A1rios de sistema de arquivos tamb=C3=A9m est=C3=A3o disp= on=C3=ADveis neste pacote. + +Xfsprogs +-------- + +A vers=C3=A3o mais recente do ``xfsprogs`` cont=C3=A9m os utilit=C3=A1rios= ``mkfs.xfs``, +``xfs_db`` e ``xfs_repair``, entre outros, para o sistema de arquivos XFS.= Ele =C3=A9 +independente de arquitetura e qualquer vers=C3=A3o a partir da 2.0.0 deve = funcionar +corretamente com esta vers=C3=A3o do c=C3=B3digo do kernel XFS (recomenda-= se a +vers=C3=A3o 2.6.0 ou posterior, devido a algumas melhorias significativas). + +PCMCIAutils +----------- + +O PCMCIAutils substitui o pcmcia-cs. Ele configura corretamente os sockets +PCMCIA na inicializa=C3=A7=C3=A3o do sistema e carrega os m=C3=B3dulos apr= opriados para +dispositivos PCMCIA de 16 bits, caso o kernel esteja modularizado e o subs= istema +de hotplug seja utilizado. + +Quota-tools +----------- + +O suporte a UIDs e GIDs de 32 bits =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio caso voc=C3=AA d= eseje utilizar o +formato de cota vers=C3=A3o 2 mais recente. O quota-tools vers=C3=A3o 3.07= e superiores +possuem esse suporte. Utilize a vers=C3=A3o recomendada ou superior da tab= ela acima. + +Intel IA32 microcode +-------------------- + +Um driver foi adicionado para permitir a atualiza=C3=A7=C3=A3o do microc= =C3=B3digo Intel IA32, +acess=C3=ADvel como um dispositivo de caracteres comum (misc). Se voc=C3= =AA n=C3=A3o estiver +usando o udev, voc=C3=AA poder=C3=A1 precisar de:: + + mkdir /dev/cpu + mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 + chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode + +voc=C3=AA poder=C3=A1 precisar executar os comandos +acima como root antes de poder usar isso. Voc=C3=AA provavelmente tamb=C3= =A9m desejar=C3=A1 +obter o utilit=C3=A1rio de espa=C3=A7o de usu=C3=A1rio ``microcode_ctl`` p= ara utilizar em +conjunto com este driver. + +udev +---- + +O udev =C3=A9 uma aplica=C3=A7=C3=A3o de espa=C3=A7o de usu=C3=A1rio para = popular o diret=C3=B3rio /dev +dinamicamente, apenas com entradas para dispositivos de fato presentes no +sistema. O udev substitui a funcionalidade b=C3=A1sica do devfs, permitind= o ao mesmo +tempo a nomea=C3=A7=C3=A3o persistente de dispositivos. + +FUSE +---- + +Necessita do libfuse 2.4.0 ou posterior. O m=C3=ADnimo absoluto =C3=A9 a v= ers=C3=A3o 2.3.0, +mas as op=C3=A7=C3=B5es de montagem direct_io e kernel_cache n=C3=A3o func= ionar=C3=A3o. + +Redes +****** + +Mudan=C3=A7as gerais +---------------- + +Caso voc=C3=AA tenha necessidades avan=C3=A7adas de configura=C3=A7=C3=A3o= de rede, voc=C3=AA deve +provavelmente considerar o uso das ferramentas de rede do iproute2. + +Filtro de Pacotes / NAT +------------------------ + +O c=C3=B3digo de filtragem de pacotes e NAT utiliza as mesmas ferramentas = da s=C3=A9rie +anterior de kernels 2.4.x (iptables). Ele ainda inclui m=C3=B3dulos de +retrocompatibilidade para o ipchains (estilo 2.2.x) e o ipfwadm (estilo 2.= 0.x). + +PPP +--- + +O driver PPP foi reestruturado para suportar multilink e permitir que opere +sobre diversas camadas de m=C3=ADdia. Se voc=C3=AA utiliza PPP, atualize o= pppd para, no +m=C3=ADnimo, a vers=C3=A3o 2.4.0. + +Se voc=C3=AA n=C3=A3o estiver usando o udev, voc=C3=AA deve possuir o arqu= ivo de dispositivo +``/dev/ppp``, o qual pode ser criado por:: + + mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 + +como root. + +NFS-utils +--------- + +Em kernels antigos (2.4 e anteriores), o servidor NFS precisava conhecer +qualquer cliente que pretendesse acessar arquivos via NFS. Essa informa=C3= =A7=C3=A3o era +fornecida ao kernel pelo mountd quando o cliente montava o sistema de arqu= ivos, +ou pelo exportfs na inicializa=C3=A7=C3=A3o do sistema. O exportfs obtinha= informa=C3=A7=C3=B5es +sobre clientes ativos a partir de /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. + +Esta abordagem =C3=A9 bastante fr=C3=A1gil, pois depende da integridade do= rmtab, o que +nem sempre =C3=A9 f=C3=A1cil, particularmente ao tentar implementar fail-o= ver. Mesmo +quando o sistema est=C3=A1 funcionando bem, o rmtab sofre com o ac=C3=BAmu= lo de muitas +entradas antigas que nunca s=C3=A3o removidas. + +Com kernels modernos, temos a op=C3=A7=C3=A3o de fazer o kernel informar a= o mountd quando +recebe uma requisi=C3=A7=C3=A3o de um host desconhecido, permitindo que o = mountd forne=C3=A7a +as informa=C3=A7=C3=B5es de exporta=C3=A7=C3=A3o apropriadas ao kernel. Is= so remove a depend=C3=AAncia do +rmtab e significa que o kernel s=C3=B3 precisa conhecer os clientes ativos= no +momento. + +Para habilitar esta nova funcionalidade, voc=C3=AA precisa:: + + mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd + +antes de executar o exportfs ou o mountd. Recomenda-se que todos os servi= =C3=A7os NFS +sejam protegidos da internet em geral por um firewall, sempre que poss=C3= =ADvel. + +mcelog +------ + +Em kernels x86, o utilit=C3=A1rio mcelog =C3=A9 necess=C3=A1rio para proce= ssar e registrar +eventos de machine check quando op=C3=A7=C3=A3o CONFIG_X86_MCE est=C3=A1 a= tivada. Eventos de +machine check s=C3=A3o erros relatados pela CPU. O processamento desses ev= entos =C3=A9 +fortemente recomendado. + +Documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o do Kernel +*********************** + +Sphinx +------ + +Por favor, consulte Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst para detalhes sobre= os +requisitos do Sphinx. + +rustdoc +------- + +O rustdoc =C3=A9 utilizado para gerar a documenta=C3=A7=C3=A3o para c=C3= =B3digo Rust. Por favor, +consulte Documentation/rust/general-information.rst para mais informa=C3= =A7=C3=B5es. + +Obtendo software atualizado +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D + +Compila=C3=A7=C3=A3o do kernel +********************** + +gcc +--- + +- + +Clang/LLVM +---------- + +- :ref:`Getting LLVM `. + +Rust +---- + +- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. + +bindgen +------- + +- Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. + +Make +---- + +- + +Bash +---- + +- + +Binutils +-------- + +- + +Flex +---- + +- + +Bison +----- + +- + +OpenSSL +------- + +- + +System utilities +**************** + +Util-linux +---------- + +- + +Kmod +---- + +- +- + +Ksymoops +-------- + +- + +Mkinitrd +-------- + +- + +E2fsprogs +--------- + +- +- + +JFSutils +-------- + +- + +Xfsprogs +-------- + +- +- + +Pcmciautils +----------- + +- + +Quota-tools +----------- + +- + + +Intel P6 microcode +------------------ + +- + +udev +---- + +- + +FUSE +---- + +- + +mcelog +------ + +- + +Redes +****** + +PPP +--- + +- +- +- + +NFS-utils +--------- + +- +- + +Iptables +-------- + +- + +Ip-route2 +--------- + +- + +OProfile +-------- + +- + +Kernel documentation +******************** + +Sphinx +------ + +- diff --git a/Documentation/translations/sp_SP/process/howto.rst b/Documenta= tion/translations/sp_SP/process/howto.rst index e1a6e6a52ae4..c4ad3d48f155 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/sp_SP/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/sp_SP/process/howto.rst @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ de obligada lectura: describe lo que es necesario hacer para configurar y compilar el kernel. Quienes sean nuevos en el kernel deben comenzar aqu=C3=AD. =20 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` Este archivo proporciona una lista de los niveles m=C3=ADnimos de vari= os paquetes que son necesarios para construir y ejecutar el kernel exitosamente. diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/README.rst b/Docu= mentation/translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/README.rst index 7c2ffe7e87c7..0ee28ef2c4d1 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/README.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/README.rst @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Linux=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B86.x=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC =20 - =E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3/=E5=AD=90=E7=9B=AE=E5=BD=95=E4=B8=AD=E6=9C=89=E5=90= =84=E7=A7=8D=E8=87=AA=E8=BF=B0=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=EF=BC=9A=E4=BE=8B=E5=A6=82= =EF=BC=8C=E8=BF=99=E4=BA=9B=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=E9=80=9A=E5=B8=B8=E5=8C=85=E5= =90=AB=E4=B8=80=E4=BA=9B=E7=89=B9=E5=AE=9A=E9=A9=B1=E5=8A=A8=E7=A8=8B=E5=BA= =8F=E7=9A=84 =E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8=E5=AE=89=E8=A3=85=E8=AF=B4=E6=98=8E=E3=80=82=E8=AF= =B7=E9=98=85=E8=AF=BB - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` =E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6= =EF=BC=8C=E5=AE=83=E5=8C=85=E5=90=AB=E4=BA=86=E5=8D=87=E7=BA=A7=E5=86=85=E6= =A0=B8 + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=EF=BC=8C=E5=AE=83=E5=8C=85=E5=90=AB=E4=BA=86=E5= =8D=87=E7=BA=A7=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8 =E5=8F=AF=E8=83=BD=E4=BC=9A=E5=AF=BC=E8=87=B4=E7=9A=84=E9=97=AE=E9=A2= =98=E7=9A=84=E7=9B=B8=E5=85=B3=E4=BF=A1=E6=81=AF=E3=80=82 =20 =E5=AE=89=E8=A3=85=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8=E6=BA=90=E4=BB=A3=E7=A0=81 @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Linux=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B86.x=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC --------- =20 =E7=BC=96=E8=AF=91=E5=92=8C=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C6.x=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8=E9= =9C=80=E8=A6=81=E5=90=84=E7=A7=8D=E8=BD=AF=E4=BB=B6=E5=8C=85=E7=9A=84=E6=9C= =80=E6=96=B0=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E3=80=82=E8=AF=B7=E5=8F=82=E8=80=83 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E6=9D=A5=E4=BA=86=E8=A7=A3=E6=9C=80=E4=BD=8E=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E8=A6= =81=E6=B1=82=E4=BB=A5=E5=8F=8A=E5=A6=82=E4=BD=95=E5=8D=87=E7=BA=A7=E8=BD=AF= =E4=BB=B6=E5=8C=85=E3=80=82=E8=AF=B7=E6=B3=A8=E6=84=8F=EF=BC=8C=E4=BD=BF=E7= =94=A8=E8=BF=87=E6=97=A7=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E7=9A=84=E8=BF=99=E4=BA=9B=E5=8C= =85=E5=8F=AF=E8=83=BD=E4=BC=9A =E5=AF=BC=E8=87=B4=E5=BE=88=E9=9A=BE=E8=BF=BD=E8=B8=AA=E7=9A=84=E9=97= =B4=E6=8E=A5=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=EF=BC=8C=E5=9B=A0=E6=AD=A4=E4=B8=8D=E8=A6=81= =E4=BB=A5=E4=B8=BA=E5=9C=A8=E7=94=9F=E6=88=90=E6=88=96=E6=93=8D=E4=BD=9C=E8= =BF=87=E7=A8=8B=E4=B8=AD=E5=87=BA=E7=8E=B0=E6=98=8E=E6=98=BE=E9=97=AE=E9=A2= =98=E6=97=B6=E5=8F=AF=E4=BB=A5 =E5=8F=AA=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E5=8C=85=E3=80=82 @@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Linux=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B86.x=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC --------- =20 - =E7=A1=AE=E4=BF=9D=E6=82=A8=E8=87=B3=E5=B0=91=E6=9C=89gcc 8.1=E5=8F=AF= =E7=94=A8=E3=80=82 - =E6=9C=89=E5=85=B3=E6=9B=B4=E5=A4=9A=E4=BF=A1=E6=81=AF=EF=BC=8C=E8=AF= =B7=E5=8F=82=E9=98=85 :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` = =E3=80=82 + =E6=9C=89=E5=85=B3=E6=9B=B4=E5=A4=9A=E4=BF=A1=E6=81=AF=EF=BC=8C=E8=AF= =B7=E5=8F=82=E9=98=85 :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst= ` =E3=80=82 =20 - =E6=89=A7=E8=A1=8C ``make`` =E6=9D=A5=E5=88=9B=E5=BB=BA=E5=8E=8B=E7=BC= =A9=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8=E6=98=A0=E5=83=8F=E3=80=82=E5=A6=82=E6=9E=9C=E6=82=A8= =E5=AE=89=E8=A3=85=E4=BA=86lilo=E4=BB=A5=E9=80=82=E9=85=8D=E5=86=85=E6=A0= =B8makefile=EF=BC=8C =E9=82=A3=E4=B9=88=E4=B9=9F=E5=8F=AF=E4=BB=A5=E8=BF=9B=E8=A1=8C ``make = install`` =EF=BC=8C=E4=BD=86=E6=98=AF=E6=82=A8=E5=8F=AF=E8=83=BD=E9=9C=80= =E8=A6=81=E5=85=88=E6=A3=80=E6=9F=A5=E7=89=B9=E5=AE=9A=E7=9A=84lilo=E8=AE= =BE=E7=BD=AE=E3=80=82 diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/howto.rst b/Documenta= tion/translations/zh_CN/process/howto.rst index cc47be356dd3..78ca3673fcf0 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/howto.rst @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Linux=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8=E4=BB=A3=E7=A0=81=E4=B8=AD=E5=8C= =85=E5=90=AB=E6=9C=89=E5=A4=A7=E9=87=8F=E7=9A=84=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3=E3=80=82= =E8=BF=99=E4=BA=9B=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3=E5=AF=B9=E4=BA=8E=E5=AD=A6=E4=B9=A0=E5= =A6=82=E4=BD=95=E4=B8=8E =E6=96=B0=E7=94=A8=E6=88=B7=E5=BA=94=E8=AF=A5=E4=BB=8E=E8=BF=99=E9=87= =8C=E5=BC=80=E5=A7=8B=E3=80=82 =20 =20 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=E7=BB=99=E5=87=BA=E4=BA=86=E7=94=A8=E6=9D=A5=E7=BC= =96=E8=AF=91=E5=92=8C=E4=BD=BF=E7=94=A8=E5=86=85=E6=A0=B8=E6=89=80=E9=9C=80= =E8=A6=81=E7=9A=84=E6=9C=80=E5=B0=8F=E8=BD=AF=E4=BB=B6=E5=8C=85=E5=88=97=E8= =A1=A8=E3=80=82 =20 :ref:`Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst ` diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/README.rst b/Docu= mentation/translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/README.rst index 9be4915ae420..bceec0804501 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/README.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/README.rst @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Linux=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B86.x=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC =20 - =E6=96=87=E6=AA=94/=E5=AD=90=E7=9B=AE=E9=8C=84=E4=B8=AD=E6=9C=89=E5=90= =84=E7=A8=AE=E8=87=AA=E8=BF=B0=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=EF=BC=9A=E4=BE=8B=E5=A6=82= =EF=BC=8C=E9=80=99=E4=BA=9B=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=E9=80=9A=E5=B8=B8=E5=8C=85=E5= =90=AB=E4=B8=80=E4=BA=9B=E7=89=B9=E5=AE=9A=E9=A9=85=E5=8B=95=E7=A8=8B=E5=BA= =8F=E7=9A=84 =E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8=E5=AE=89=E8=A3=9D=E8=AA=AA=E6=98=8E=E3=80=82=E8=AB= =8B=E9=96=B1=E8=AE=80 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` =E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6= =EF=BC=8C=E5=AE=83=E5=8C=85=E5=90=AB=E4=BA=86=E5=8D=87=E7=B4=9A=E5=85=A7=E6= =A0=B8 + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=EF=BC=8C=E5=AE=83=E5=8C=85=E5=90=AB=E4=BA=86=E5= =8D=87=E7=B4=9A=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8 =E5=8F=AF=E8=83=BD=E6=9C=83=E5=B0=8E=E8=87=B4=E7=9A=84=E5=95=8F=E9=A1= =8C=E7=9A=84=E7=9B=B8=E9=97=9C=E4=BF=A1=E6=81=AF=E3=80=82 =20 =E5=AE=89=E8=A3=9D=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8=E6=BA=90=E4=BB=A3=E7=A2=BC @@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Linux=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B86.x=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC --------- =20 =E7=B7=A8=E8=AD=AF=E5=92=8C=E9=81=8B=E8=A1=8C6.x=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8=E9= =9C=80=E8=A6=81=E5=90=84=E7=A8=AE=E8=BB=9F=E4=BB=B6=E5=8C=85=E7=9A=84=E6=9C= =80=E6=96=B0=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E3=80=82=E8=AB=8B=E5=8F=83=E8=80=83 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E4=BE=86=E4=BA=86=E8=A7=A3=E6=9C=80=E4=BD=8E=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E8=A6= =81=E6=B1=82=E4=BB=A5=E5=8F=8A=E5=A6=82=E4=BD=95=E5=8D=87=E7=B4=9A=E8=BB=9F= =E4=BB=B6=E5=8C=85=E3=80=82=E8=AB=8B=E6=B3=A8=E6=84=8F=EF=BC=8C=E4=BD=BF=E7= =94=A8=E9=81=8E=E8=88=8A=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E7=9A=84=E9=80=99=E4=BA=9B=E5=8C= =85=E5=8F=AF=E8=83=BD=E6=9C=83 =E5=B0=8E=E8=87=B4=E5=BE=88=E9=9B=A3=E8=BF=BD=E8=B9=A4=E7=9A=84=E9=96= =93=E6=8E=A5=E9=8C=AF=E8=AA=A4=EF=BC=8C=E5=9B=A0=E6=AD=A4=E4=B8=8D=E8=A6=81= =E4=BB=A5=E7=88=B2=E5=9C=A8=E7=94=9F=E6=88=90=E6=88=96=E6=93=8D=E4=BD=9C=E9= =81=8E=E7=A8=8B=E4=B8=AD=E5=87=BA=E7=8F=BE=E6=98=8E=E9=A1=AF=E5=95=8F=E9=A1= =8C=E6=99=82=E5=8F=AF=E4=BB=A5 =E5=8F=AA=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E5=8C=85=E3=80=82 @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Linux=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B86.x=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC --------- =20 - =E7=A2=BA=E4=BF=9D=E6=82=A8=E8=87=B3=E5=B0=91=E6=9C=89gcc 5.1=E5=8F=AF= =E7=94=A8=E3=80=82 - =E6=9C=89=E9=97=9C=E6=9B=B4=E5=A4=9A=E4=BF=A1=E6=81=AF=EF=BC=8C=E8=AB= =8B=E5=8F=83=E9=96=B1 :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` = =E3=80=82 + =E6=9C=89=E9=97=9C=E6=9B=B4=E5=A4=9A=E4=BF=A1=E6=81=AF=EF=BC=8C=E8=AB= =8B=E5=8F=83=E9=96=B1 :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst= ` =E3=80=82 =20 - =E5=9F=B7=E8=A1=8C ``make`` =E4=BE=86=E5=89=B5=E5=BB=BA=E5=A3=93=E7=B8= =AE=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8=E6=98=A0=E5=83=8F=E3=80=82=E5=A6=82=E6=9E=9C=E6=82=A8= =E5=AE=89=E8=A3=9D=E4=BA=86lilo=E4=BB=A5=E9=81=A9=E9=85=8D=E5=85=A7=E6=A0= =B8makefile=EF=BC=8C =E9=82=A3=E9=BA=BC=E4=B9=9F=E5=8F=AF=E4=BB=A5=E9=80=B2=E8=A1=8C ``make = install`` =EF=BC=8C=E4=BD=86=E6=98=AF=E6=82=A8=E5=8F=AF=E8=83=BD=E9=9C=80= =E8=A6=81=E5=85=88=E6=AA=A2=E6=9F=A5=E7=89=B9=E5=AE=9A=E7=9A=84lilo=E8=A8= =AD=E7=BD=AE=E3=80=82 diff --git a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/howto.rst b/Documenta= tion/translations/zh_TW/process/howto.rst index 80c416483e73..84a5b5226314 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/howto.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/howto.rst @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Linux=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8=E4=BB=A3=E7=A2=BC=E4=B8=AD=E5=8C= =85=E5=90=AB=E6=9C=89=E5=A4=A7=E9=87=8F=E7=9A=84=E6=96=87=E6=AA=94=E3=80=82= =E9=80=99=E4=BA=9B=E6=96=87=E6=AA=94=E5=B0=8D=E6=96=BC=E5=AD=B8=E7=BF=92=E5= =A6=82=E4=BD=95=E8=88=87 =E6=96=B0=E7=94=A8=E6=88=B6=E6=87=89=E8=A9=B2=E5=BE=9E=E9=80=99=E8=A3= =A1=E9=96=8B=E5=A7=8B=E3=80=82 =20 =20 - :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` + :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` =E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6=E7=B5=A6=E5=87=BA=E4=BA=86=E7=94=A8=E4=BE=86=E7=B7= =A8=E8=AD=AF=E5=92=8C=E4=BD=BF=E7=94=A8=E5=85=A7=E6=A0=B8=E6=89=80=E9=9C=80= =E8=A6=81=E7=9A=84=E6=9C=80=E5=B0=8F=E8=BB=9F=E9=AB=94=E5=8C=85=E5=88=97=E8= =A1=A8=E3=80=82 =20 :ref:`Documentation/translations/zh_TW/process/coding-style.rst ` diff --git a/README b/README index e6549b2a7aac..98410e47616d 100644 --- a/README +++ b/README @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Essential Documentation =20 All users should be familiar with: =20 -* Building requirements: Documentation/process/changes.rst +* Building requirements: Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst * Code of Conduct: Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst * License: See COPYING =20 diff --git a/samples/bpf/README.rst b/samples/bpf/README.rst index cabe2d216997..e27d4c870d98 100644 --- a/samples/bpf/README.rst +++ b/samples/bpf/README.rst @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Compiling requires having installed: * llvm * pahole =20 -Consult :ref:`Documentation/process/changes.rst ` for the minimum +Consult :ref:`Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst ` for the minimum version numbers required and how to update them. Note that LLVM's tool 'llc' must support target 'bpf', list version and supported targets with command: ``llc --version`` diff --git a/scripts/min-tool-version.sh b/scripts/min-tool-version.sh index 031f2192b390..0abf48c59ce0 100755 --- a/scripts/min-tool-version.sh +++ b/scripts/min-tool-version.sh @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ # # Print the minimum supported version of the given tool. # When you raise the minimum version, please update -# Documentation/process/changes.rst as well. +# Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst as well. =20 set -e =20 diff --git a/scripts/ver_linux b/scripts/ver_linux index 00bdaf30d590..1d860c8a37f3 100755 --- a/scripts/ver_linux +++ b/scripts/ver_linux @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ =20 BEGIN { usage =3D "If some fields are empty or look unusual you may have an old v= ersion.\n" - usage =3D usage "Compare to the current minimal requirements in Documenta= tion/process/changes.rst\n" + usage =3D usage "Compare to the current minimal requirements in Documenta= tion/process/software-requirements.rst\n" print usage =20 system("uname -a") --=20 2.54.0 From nobody Tue Sep 29 04:46:55 2026 Received: from mout-p-202.mailbox.org (mout-p-202.mailbox.org [80.241.56.172]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BD887421EF8; 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charset="utf-8" This document grew over the years and isn't limited to compiling or running the kernel anymore. compile -> interact levels -> versions run the current kernel version -> change code, compile, install and boot th= e current kernel version. Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner Acked-by: Randy Dunlap --- I think the lines +This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum versions of +software necessary to change code, compile, install and boot the current +kernel version. could be extended beyond boot but I'm lacking thw words. Thoose tools would justify this: gdb, iptables, pcmciautils, ... PATCH 5/5 is related to this patch. --- Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst | 11 ++++++----- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst b/Documentatio= n/process/software-requirements.rst index 1ca8c5f73ad0..69d31a3b5be3 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -1,13 +1,14 @@ -.. _changes: +.. _software-requirements: =20 -Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel -++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +Minimal requirements to interact with the Kernel +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =20 Intro =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =20 -This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of -software necessary to run the current kernel version. +This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum versions of +software necessary to change code, compile, install and boot the current +kernel version. =20 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, --=20 2.54.0 From nobody Tue Sep 29 04:46:55 2026 Received: from mout-p-101.mailbox.org (mout-p-101.mailbox.org [80.241.56.151]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AFFEB434E4F; 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charset="utf-8" lzma is required with HAVE_KERNEL_LZMA set to y lzop is required with CRYPTO_LZO set to y ip-route2 is mentioned in software-requirements below. add tools to software-requirements.rst ver_linux Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner Acked-by: Randy Dunlap --- Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst | 4 ++++ scripts/ver_linux | 4 ++++ 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+) diff --git a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst b/Documentatio= n/process/software-requirements.rst index 69d31a3b5be3..5fdfcf6a0c01 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -47,9 +47,12 @@ GNU make 4.0 make --version GNU tar 1.28 tar --version GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version +ip-route2 6.14.0 ip -V iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V kmod 13 kmod -V +liblzma 5.8.1 lzma -V +lzop 1.04 lzop -V mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version @@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -versi= on udev 081 udevadm --version util-linux 2.10o mount --version xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V +xz 5.8.1 xz -V =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D =20 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation diff --git a/scripts/ver_linux b/scripts/ver_linux index 1d860c8a37f3..5e99a5699f1a 100755 --- a/scripts/ver_linux +++ b/scripts/ver_linux @@ -37,16 +37,19 @@ BEGIN { printversion("GRUB", version("grub-install --version")) printversion("gtags", version("gtags --version")) printversion("iptables", version("iptables -V")) + printversion("ip-route2", version("ip -V")) printversion("Isdn4k-utils", version("isdnctrl")) printversion("jfsutils", version("fsck.jfs -V")) printversion("Kbd", version("loadkeys -V")) printversion("kmod", version("kmod -V")) + printversion("liblzma", version("lzma -V")) =20 while ("ldconfig -p 2>/dev/null" | getline > 0) if ($NF ~ libc || $NF ~ libcpp) if (!seen[ver =3D version("readlink " $NF)]++) printversion("Linux C" ($NF ~ libcpp? 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bh=7YDRuzc52swUCCTIQqOg6vUTQnIXc040LAGZrgvnGr8=; b=dYVJeCfjEBCh8h9UWlz6nAp9fGcyApNJ9l8NfkCRJwmRV9GCZwdFVcPIe7/zNDbvvEo8im aVjfSQm7pOz81FkoSMlRstwu32wBWiw1Th8Bwy2UeeCw5FJ+73dDAN0raPSaezsxkzob82 m14Wm3DriVjKK2RROeg6ntmgkB8V2GwtwSn+MmeiMgNh871a3d7yNklKkeUJIlOBTgkcL6 HWeGUQYQtVLqHMIPF5vtvjbKdaku9ZUONr/wkU48NcuTCl+5Jh4vPjzoURBukTtyQoitaY bzfEHUwmIRy8viRkvfgplGYgt7hzwtqlZWCpfbsrxGb68pHm5P/YYAPE14KITA== From: Manuel Ebner DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailbox.org; s=mail20150812; t=1786537433; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=7YDRuzc52swUCCTIQqOg6vUTQnIXc040LAGZrgvnGr8=; b=x7Pyubxt8i1zE6kfFnfRA31uYTdAXNUXUYfSi4aNVHsdB1udVBl/4pmyrnaQC/iYJdfKjD xa1VucpTHU4QZqdawJvAf6uLzjquuv/P0oRFMdde3CKnjJG0hsOsAsrss9sh875e9rkBdj rxNDBEq6x8yKoDdAWoDX5P9VbtdtC/MZBwobpQjOGsJUYFEuBdPBdodGx1H0Krr/Mtal15 v5Cyz3ehFowH4ZB8dbR3zg+gDwhM4aIFnWvf8qkr8CCGKPWN9ysV1XmLjFyw7Dhf6RaBiM P+lURmWXB9ttTxJSKkvLe7bQgUFcrYRUJqCCiIJkrMp6Y+j1H6qDmMEJubL/1Q== To: Federico Vaga , Jonathan Corbet , Shuah Khan , Daniel Pereira , Miguel Ojeda , Boqun Feng , Gary Guo , =?UTF-8?q?Bj=C3=B6rn=20Roy=20Baron?= , Benno Lossin , Andreas Hindborg , Alice Ryhl , Trevor Gross , Danilo Krummrich , Daniel Almeida , Tamir Duberstein , Alexandre Courbot , =?UTF-8?q?Onur=20=C3=96zkan?= , Nathan Chancellor , Nick Desaulniers , Bill Wendling , Justin Stitt Cc: Manuel Ebner , linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, rust-for-linux@vger.kernel.org, llvm@lists.linux.dev Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Docs: pt_BR, it_IT: software-requirements.rst: copy tables from source Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2026 14:22:38 +0200 Message-ID: <20260812122248.1635676-2-manuelebnerli@mailbox.org> In-Reply-To: <20260812120805.1631430-3-manuelebnerli@mailbox.org> References: <20260812120805.1631430-3-manuelebnerli@mailbox.org> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-MBO-RS-META: 8gszeyhsgw1nw5k67dqyr9jtemdxbtu9 X-MBO-RS-ID: 0273f2a14329ed7cd7b Copy the list from Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst to /it_I= T/ and /pt_BR/ with the purpose to update and sort the lists in the translatio= ns. Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner --- .../it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst | 57 ++++++++++--------- .../pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst | 56 +++++++++--------- 2 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements= .rst b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst index 7ee54c972418..a01c01f03354 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -32,40 +32,45 @@ PC Card, per esempio, probabilmente non dovreste preocc= uparvi di pcmciautils. =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D Programma Versione minima Comando per verificare la ve= rsione =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D -GNU C 8.1 gcc --version -Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version -Rust (opzionale) 1.78.0 rustc --version -bindgen (opzionale) 0.65.1 bindgen --version -GNU make 4.0 make --version bash 4.2 bash --version +bc 1.06.95 bc --version +bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version binutils 2.30 ld -v -flex 2.5.35 flex --version bison 2.0 bison --version -pahole 1.16 pahole --version -util-linux 2.10o mount --version -kmod 13 depmod -V +btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version +Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V +flex 2.5.35 flex --version +gdb 7.2 gdb --version +GNU awk (optional) 5.1.0 gawk --version +GNU C 8.1 gcc --version +GNU make 4.0 make --version +GNU tar 1.28 tar --version +GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install -= -version +gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version +ip-route2 6.14.0 ip -V +iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V -xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V -squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version -btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck +kmod 13 kmod -V +liblzma 5.8.1 lzma -V +lzop 1.04 lzop -V +mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version +mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version +nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version +openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version +pahole 1.26 pahole --version pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V -quota-tools 3.09 quota -V PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version -nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version procps 3.2.0 ps --version -udev 081 udevd --version -grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install -= -version -mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version -iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V -openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version -bc 1.06.95 bc --version -Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx-build --version -cpio any cpio --version -GNU tar 1.28 tar --version -gtags (opzionale) 6.6.5 gtags --version -mkimage (opzionale) 2017.01 mkimage --version -Python (opzionale) 3.5.x python3 --version +Python 3.9.x python3 --version +quota-tools 3.09 quota -V +Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version +Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version +squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version +udev 081 udevadm --version +util-linux 2.10o mount --version +xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V +xz 5.8.1 xz -V =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =20 .. [#f1] Sphinx =C3=A8 necessario solo per produrre la documentazione del = Kernel diff --git a/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements= .rst b/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst index 51c7fe41663e..6cbeecd2d7b9 100644 --- a/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst +++ b/Documentation/translations/pt_BR/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -31,41 +31,45 @@ PC Card por exemplo, provavelmente n=C3=A3o precisar=C3= =A1 se preocupar com o pcmciautil =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D Programa Vers=C3=A3o m=C3=ADnima Comando para verificar a= vers=C3=A3o =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D -GNU C 8.1 gcc --version -Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version -Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version -bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version -GNU make 4.0 make --version bash 4.2 bash --version +bc 1.06.95 bc --version +bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version binutils 2.30 ld -v -flex 2.5.35 flex --version -gdb 7.2 gdb --version bison 2.0 bison --version -pahole 1.22 pahole --version -util-linux 2.10o mount --version -kmod 13 kmod -V +btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version +Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V +flex 2.5.35 flex --version +gdb 7.2 gdb --version +GNU awk (optional) 5.1.0 gawk --version +GNU C 8.1 gcc --version +GNU make 4.0 make --version +GNU tar 1.28 tar --version +GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion +gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version +ip-route2 6.14.0 ip -V +iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V -xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V -squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version -btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version +kmod 13 kmod -V +liblzma 5.8.1 lzma -V +lzop 1.04 lzop -V +mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version +mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version +nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version +openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version +pahole 1.26 pahole --version pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V -quota-tools 3.09 quota -V PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version -nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version procps 3.2.0 ps --version -udev 081 udevadm --version -grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion -mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version -iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V -openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version -bc 1.06.95 bc --version -Sphinx [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version -GNU tar 1.28 tar --version -gtags (opcional) 6.6.5 gtags --version -mkimage (opcional) 2017.01 mkimage --version Python 3.9.x python3 --version -GNU AWK (opcional) 5.1.0 gawk --version +quota-tools 3.09 quota -V +Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version +Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version +squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version +udev 081 udevadm --version +util-linux 2.10o mount --version +xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V +xz 5.8.1 xz -V =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D =20 .. 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charset="utf-8" The optional tag isn't obvious nor defined. Therefore replace with footnotes like the one of Sphinx. Signed-off-by: Manuel Ebner --- .../process/software-requirements.rst | 22 ++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst b/Documentatio= n/process/software-requirements.rst index 5fdfcf6a0c01..a31e0ae20498 100644 --- a/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst +++ b/Documentation/process/software-requirements.rst @@ -33,20 +33,20 @@ you probably do not need to concern yourself with pcmci= autils. =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D bash 4.2 bash --version bc 1.06.95 bc --version -bindgen (optional) 0.71.1 bindgen --version +bindgen [#f1]_ 0.71.1 bindgen --version binutils 2.30 ld -v bison 2.0 bison --version btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfs --version -Clang/LLVM (optional) 17.0.1 clang --version +Clang/LLVM [#f2]_ 17.0.1 clang --version e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V flex 2.5.35 flex --version gdb 7.2 gdb --version -GNU awk (optional) 5.1.0 gawk --version +GNU awk [#f3]_ 5.1.0 gawk --version GNU C 8.1 gcc --version GNU make 4.0 make --version GNU tar 1.28 tar --version GRUB 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --v= ersion -gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version +gtags [#f4]_ 6.6.5 gtags --version ip-route2 6.14.0 ip -V iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ kmod 13 kmod -V liblzma 5.8.1 lzma -V lzop 1.04 lzop -V mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version -mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version +mkimage [#f5]_ 2017.01 mkimage --version nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version pahole 1.26 pahole --version @@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version procps 3.2.0 ps --version Python 3.9.x python3 --version quota-tools 3.09 quota -V -Rust (optional) 1.85.0 rustc --version -Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version +Rust [#f6]_ 1.85.0 rustc --version +Sphinx\ [#f7]_ 3.4.3 sphinx-build --version squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version udev 081 udevadm --version util-linux 2.10o mount --version @@ -72,7 +72,13 @@ xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V xz 5.8.1 xz -V =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D =20 -.. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation +.. [#f1] bindgen is needed to generate Rust bindings +.. [#f2] Clang/LLVM is an alternative to GNU C (gcc) +.. [#f3] awk is needed with CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES set +.. [#f4] gtags is there to generate tag files through ``make gtags`` +.. [#f5] mkimage is used when building a Flat Image Tree (FIT) +.. [#f6] Rust is only required when enabled +.. [#f7] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation =20 Kernel compilation ****************** --=20 2.54.0