From nobody Tue Feb 10 06:04:23 2026 Received: from mail-pl1-f180.google.com (mail-pl1-f180.google.com [209.85.214.180]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 10B1B33C193 for ; Mon, 9 Feb 2026 08:13:30 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=209.85.214.180 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1770624811; cv=none; b=pCHl71dwtcSIVw/C1RlUEmo76k2f3FpcwmCpetrkErdwyiel5ir4OZuXCxkD+32c6b6tJsL1uW0IWxnWQytIxWWwnum8l78kQcWKLAS4pg2qoxT2lQ6QKwA56I//0euCm/ow9CFQwyMuEBK8aCWGHXlsDIoMasATa7ChKZd/cHA= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1770624811; c=relaxed/simple; bh=Q+TmxulfMcavgr+JesAtNFoH4Xtiev43+iyad3YhA6A=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:Message-ID:MIME-Version; b=JhzMhsEL4kXQkWz6V1hCf/yjdmXSD6vuDU6amcGgeaGGR0DNu361TGfN7sntyo1oogiM6gkFhc69pR5vGVRW2P7P77TT9BOgIqU0QKT/PkeCZ4zeJokU0E4f8bevUNdoCZT8atNHQsjtm4ChPLVptCP7bsnfddSu/Qoy6oQWeuI= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=gmail.com; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=gmail.com; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=gmail.com header.i=@gmail.com header.b=IoFde1PB; arc=none smtp.client-ip=209.85.214.180 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=gmail.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=gmail.com Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=gmail.com header.i=@gmail.com header.b="IoFde1PB" Received: by mail-pl1-f180.google.com with SMTP id d9443c01a7336-2aaf91bbcd9so2779795ad.0 for ; Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:13:30 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20230601; t=1770624810; x=1771229610; darn=vger.kernel.org; h=content-transfer-encoding:mime-version:message-id:date:subject:cc :to:from:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:reply-to; bh=u7ECsemPt0+8hrEaXFS0vyfUJpZDXufVX7a966wW9n4=; b=IoFde1PBRGATcmLZexFmGdKT48OSkODkaGR6biP47Vdjof/rtWJpLMPhM22kwzQcCI WJb1f22LVXZ3p0A1va0EAg5Yr3oPkxdLJwKgQ/pXP+lzQo4oiHiThvx51i/mnjqhZ2pv x9rl5JoyH0YFS6qsYgTXjQBRuRtODMxLUVAOiI14m75u31udeXVHVsDxkqgDkYYHUqyg X+W1iWAgNIynb4SN5pRoIrEfLXQgnZX+kT0BKlv8z13CZL2S66VWlUigA7Cr6jA38cCw uh2p5e93uBEr/oaysqIVVZATIElKHrQrng8ndM5G78NsexMn4rJVqcm6k8MsgzZ0rqGV SdRQ== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20230601; t=1770624810; x=1771229610; h=content-transfer-encoding:mime-version:message-id:date:subject:cc :to:from:x-gm-gg:x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date :message-id:reply-to; bh=u7ECsemPt0+8hrEaXFS0vyfUJpZDXufVX7a966wW9n4=; b=OqMzau8kyfs6vzzQCCnZP/dnwgW+hdaov261YbTreFt34ZTSTlpsRk4d7CzTnNdhbr uMkP8LdRLNGdztf2Kk1xlQEBHWYVJQ7dCj/k+mk1aYIclXJiFBeFCN+y+H9V6a8vc4y2 c9nXO71/9yEIVSabv08G+rqO68T2qb6pQfDlTg+mWorK4QjPdxMK+77vUas5KALjhDik cp26/g0cDjye7aoSrwTBM1LrGxuAkqnFhuUofDsyRKZJyK6fEFH1pyGlzie2UqrPRXb2 JlJqBkdRCFtSVDQblw9MzrXaSA4EjIrE8T99H7kvCxq+QOFNyvB5GUTnXyYZ0CgLh+Kz dBQg== X-Forwarded-Encrypted: i=1; AJvYcCWJBIj2LbjNs12prktG6SjbZM+JKfvRBHpv6s0tWRFVbJTMX0U6m5V81PnnIBCM24kmulc1BUrCx+zj2Ko=@vger.kernel.org X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YxrCl1RusRgHQjZoBuugCrCPaY56JpzBBERTo4Ywff9LrY9h0jd CTkZh+dsP6j8VM1KL6VJ/TlCtBSWvXZ6toqyLVP7C1Eu/u5QAOtsjrB9 X-Gm-Gg: AZuq6aIseUfHwlDY4hpRDy7yk/rJCTKO6wFX4imQ8va3h+Kd/U9O259ir9+BJRnPe+m B9gm7+kT7qVP9amjs4ocUILoiSmnML2s77cqKvEjQ/D/RFQvd2DOTYHQt1xw4/IPrzc1QcvKXDE Da819Y7BtrhId8HEHNnHyIrxmSlQwpwpkzAhVptrv+GE8xf2Ld17CmC0/u0frY3AqSFNlf9u9nz qMWnLWBFDIZHO6TvqUycanJrQdEAtLdyXY11oyebdmjUevy9UD9KQXb0GnTyhr93s7i2UP7rKfi H9Ec6ExJueCh5aK2pvhb7CMelt6gm5RTs9uw2DOALYsYtzaHv3lVfGdiwyO1gCzcj2aQlbHzFxv wCrzdYbsuppgwLrDU1WNZ+9gGKsHsKzjcVAXOgCbl2gUGeShakynNfdi/IBDzxmY+ky8Fv3SMq8 Yj7GfydU8hRBHOMgq47etUKTUEeNL4s7fqxSDS7XgeZdz7nxDMCwSkayGAilyouVnqvvJxm0ayP A== X-Received: by 2002:a17:902:f681:b0:2a7:80ac:85b0 with SMTP id d9443c01a7336-2a9516089bfmr97678645ad.2.1770624810288; Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:13:30 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost.localdomain (123-194-188-82.dynamic.kbronet.com.tw. [123.194.188.82]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d9443c01a7336-2a9521f8cb6sm101205775ad.79.2026.02.09.00.13.28 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 bits=256/256); Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:13:29 -0800 (PST) From: Min-Hsun Chang To: corbet@lwn.net, akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Min-Hsun Chang Subject: [PATCH] Docs/mm: fix typos and grammar in page_tables.rst Date: Mon, 9 Feb 2026 16:13:23 +0800 Message-ID: <20260209081323.68339-1-chmh0624@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.50.1 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Correct several spelling and grammatical errors in the page tables documentation. This includes: - Fixing "a address" to "an address" - Fixing "pfs" to "pfns" - Correcting the possessive "Torvald's" to "Torvalds'" - Fixing "instruction that want" to "instruction that wants" - Fixing "code path" to "code paths" Signed-off-by: Min-Hsun Chang --- Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst | 12 ++++++------ 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst b/Documentation/mm/page_table= s.rst index e7c69cc32493..d5a2c37b05e4 100644 --- a/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst +++ b/Documentation/mm/page_tables.rst @@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ Physical memory address 0 will be *pfn 0* and the highest= pfn will be the last page of physical memory the external address bus of the CPU can address. =20 -With a page granularity of 4KB and a address range of 32 bits, pfn 0 is at +With a page granularity of 4KB and an address range of 32 bits, pfn 0 is at address 0x00000000, pfn 1 is at address 0x00001000, pfn 2 is at 0x00002000 -and so on until we reach pfn 0xfffff at 0xfffff000. With 16KB pages pfs are +and so on until we reach pfn 0xfffff at 0xfffff000. With 16KB pages pfns a= re at 0x00004000, 0x00008000 ... 0xffffc000 and pfn goes from 0 to 0x3ffff. =20 As you can see, with 4KB pages the page base address uses bits 12-31 of the @@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ address, and this is why `PAGE_SHIFT` in this case is def= ined as 12 and Over time a deeper hierarchy has been developed in response to increasing = memory sizes. When Linux was created, 4KB pages and a single page table called `swapper_pg_dir` with 1024 entries was used, covering 4MB which coincided = with -the fact that Torvald's first computer had 4MB of physical memory. Entries= in -this single table were referred to as *PTE*:s - page table entries. +the fact that Torvalds' first computer had 4MB of physical memory. Entries= in +this single table were referred to as *PTEs* - page table entries. =20 The software page table hierarchy reflects the fact that page table hardwa= re has become hierarchical and that in turn is done to save page table memory and @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ threshold. Additionally, page faults may be also caused by code bugs or by maliciously crafted addresses that the CPU is instructed to access. A thread of a proc= ess could use instructions to address (non-shared) memory which does not belon= g to -its own address space, or could try to execute an instruction that want to= write +its own address space, or could try to execute an instruction that wants t= o write to a read-only location. =20 If the above-mentioned conditions happen in user-space, the kernel sends a @@ -277,5 +277,5 @@ To conclude this high altitude view of how Linux handle= s page faults, let's add that the page faults handler can be disabled and enabled respectively = with `pagefault_disable()` and `pagefault_enable()`. =20 -Several code path make use of the latter two functions because they need to +Several code paths make use of the latter two functions because they need = to disable traps into the page faults handler, mostly to prevent deadlocks. --=20 2.50.1