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charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API. For more details see the Link tag below. alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND. This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues, allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they=E2=80=99re needed= and reducing noise when CPUs are isolated. This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in: commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq") commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag") This change adds a new WQ_PERCPU flag to explicitly request alloc_workqueue() to be per-cpu when WQ_UNBOUND has not been specified. With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND), any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn=E2=80=99t explicitly specify WQ_UNB= OUND must now use WQ_PERCPU. Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will become the implicit default. Suggested-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250221112003.1dSuoGyc@linutronix.de/ --- drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath6kl/usb.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath6kl/usb.c b/drivers/net/wireless/a= th/ath6kl/usb.c index 38bb501fc553..bfb21725d779 100644 --- a/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath6kl/usb.c +++ b/drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath6kl/usb.c @@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ static struct ath6kl_usb *ath6kl_usb_create(struct usb_= interface *interface) ar_usb =3D kzalloc(sizeof(struct ath6kl_usb), GFP_KERNEL); if (ar_usb =3D=3D NULL) return NULL; - ar_usb->wq =3D alloc_workqueue("ath6kl_wq", 0, 0); + ar_usb->wq =3D alloc_workqueue("ath6kl_wq", WQ_PERCPU, 0); if (!ar_usb->wq) { kfree(ar_usb); return NULL; --=20 2.51.1 From nobody Sun Feb 8 15:46:18 2026 Received: from mail-wr1-f43.google.com (mail-wr1-f43.google.com [209.85.221.43]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8D881320A01 for ; 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charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API. For more details see the Link tag below. alloc_workqueue() treats all queues as per-CPU by default, while unbound workqueues must opt-in via WQ_UNBOUND. This default is suboptimal: most workloads benefit from unbound queues, allowing the scheduler to place worker threads where they=E2=80=99re needed= and reducing noise when CPUs are isolated. This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in: commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq") commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag") This change adds a new WQ_PERCPU flag to explicitly request alloc_workqueue() to be per-cpu when WQ_UNBOUND has not been specified. With the introduction of the WQ_PERCPU flag (equivalent to !WQ_UNBOUND), any alloc_workqueue() caller that doesn=E2=80=99t explicitly specify WQ_UNB= OUND must now use WQ_PERCPU. Once migration is complete, WQ_UNBOUND can be removed and unbound will become the implicit default. Suggested-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250221112003.1dSuoGyc@linutronix.de/ --- drivers/net/wireless/st/cw1200/bh.c | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/st/cw1200/bh.c b/drivers/net/wireless/st/= cw1200/bh.c index 3b4ded2ac801..bdf7132c5849 100644 --- a/drivers/net/wireless/st/cw1200/bh.c +++ b/drivers/net/wireless/st/cw1200/bh.c @@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ int cw1200_register_bh(struct cw1200_common *priv) int err =3D 0; /* Realtime workqueue */ priv->bh_workqueue =3D alloc_workqueue("cw1200_bh", - WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_HIGHPRI - | WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE, 1); + WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_HIGHPRI | + WQ_CPU_INTENSIVE | WQ_PERCPU, + 1); =20 if (!priv->bh_workqueue) return -ENOMEM; --=20 2.51.1 From nobody Sun Feb 8 15:46:18 2026 Received: from mail-wm1-f51.google.com (mail-wm1-f51.google.com [209.85.128.51]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 8BE1B35A15E for ; 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Thu, 13 Nov 2025 08:20:42 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([2a00:6d43:105:c401:e307:1a37:2e76:ce91]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id ffacd0b85a97d-42b53f203afsm4680578f8f.39.2025.11.13.08.20.41 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Thu, 13 Nov 2025 08:20:42 -0800 (PST) From: Marco Crivellari To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-wireless@vger.kernel.org Cc: Tejun Heo , Lai Jiangshan , Frederic Weisbecker , Sebastian Andrzej Siewior , Marco Crivellari , Michal Hocko , Johannes Berg Subject: [PATCH 3/3] wifi: replace use of system_unbound_wq with system_dfl_wq Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2025 17:20:32 +0100 Message-ID: <20251113162032.394804-4-marco.crivellari@suse.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.1 In-Reply-To: <20251113162032.394804-1-marco.crivellari@suse.com> References: <20251113162032.394804-1-marco.crivellari@suse.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Currently if a user enqueues a work item using schedule_delayed_work() the used wq is "system_wq" (per-cpu wq) while queue_delayed_work() use WORK_CPU_UNBOUND (used when a cpu is not specified). The same applies to schedule_work() that is using system_wq and queue_work(), that makes use again of WORK_CPU_UNBOUND. This lack of consistency cannot be addressed without refactoring the API. For more details see the Link tag below. This continues the effort to refactor workqueue APIs, which began with the introduction of new workqueues and a new alloc_workqueue flag in: commit 128ea9f6ccfb ("workqueue: Add system_percpu_wq and system_dfl_wq") commit 930c2ea566af ("workqueue: Add new WQ_PERCPU flag") Switch to using system_dfl_wq because system_unbound_wq is going away as pa= rt of a workqueue restructuring. Suggested-by: Tejun Heo Signed-off-by: Marco Crivellari Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250221112003.1dSuoGyc@linutronix.de/ --- net/wireless/core.c | 4 ++-- net/wireless/sysfs.c | 2 +- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/net/wireless/core.c b/net/wireless/core.c index 54a34d8d356e..01775d8f4406 100644 --- a/net/wireless/core.c +++ b/net/wireless/core.c @@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ static void cfg80211_wiphy_work(struct work_struct *wor= k) if (wk) { list_del_init(&wk->entry); if (!list_empty(&rdev->wiphy_work_list)) - queue_work(system_unbound_wq, work); + queue_work(system_dfl_wq, work); spin_unlock_irq(&rdev->wiphy_work_lock); =20 trace_wiphy_work_run(&rdev->wiphy, wk); @@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ void wiphy_work_queue(struct wiphy *wiphy, struct wip= hy_work *work) list_add_tail(&work->entry, &rdev->wiphy_work_list); spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdev->wiphy_work_lock, flags); =20 - queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &rdev->wiphy_work); + queue_work(system_dfl_wq, &rdev->wiphy_work); } EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wiphy_work_queue); =20 diff --git a/net/wireless/sysfs.c b/net/wireless/sysfs.c index 62f26618f674..8d142856e385 100644 --- a/net/wireless/sysfs.c +++ b/net/wireless/sysfs.c @@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static int wiphy_resume(struct device *dev) if (rdev->wiphy.registered && rdev->ops->resume) ret =3D rdev_resume(rdev); rdev->suspended =3D false; - queue_work(system_unbound_wq, &rdev->wiphy_work); + queue_work(system_dfl_wq, &rdev->wiphy_work); wiphy_unlock(&rdev->wiphy); =20 if (ret) --=20 2.51.1