From nobody Tue Dec 16 16:38:50 2025 Received: from smtp.kernel.org (aws-us-west-2-korg-mail-1.web.codeaurora.org [10.30.226.201]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 98BA21EF39E for ; Mon, 21 Apr 2025 18:53:12 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=10.30.226.201 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1745261592; cv=none; b=nPCW/Hbpf4+LRyn6CGbSBrAHNKhUGEhPfdUkQJae2c7sZ5J52lO52a1J4FguPMP3ABrBm22JJdwCpB3EGrAKjpTrXoGgr1hpwXMU49FYtlhSqcq1P2X+tExAL7mtmw7tmddnLJ3IQgAWf5pLelkaWAxDNdmDYtWaKQMyBmW3gjY= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1745261592; c=relaxed/simple; bh=X4GaBt+qisLszUoLlQoX6Qj0Kt8pfGVMPHII7noTzDc=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:Message-ID:In-Reply-To:References: MIME-Version; b=K5wu5bPSmWV+j1U4V/sBi2KZ24D46a39SzrRXfiy+FgQh5dxNmWFKfZf9q1Jbt5VDHzn6I0H1fw31UA79H5XuDuLJMGPWfP9Hs+8oZRT68OEVckYysbkFOjx/7RceLfImpDFW9WeJ+STfYlnfgtA0uwfTEvIC4Mx2CX39TArt5o= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.b=F7eQBCNu; arc=none smtp.client-ip=10.30.226.201 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=kernel.org header.i=@kernel.org header.b="F7eQBCNu" Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id A9C11C4CEEF; Mon, 21 Apr 2025 18:53:09 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1745261592; bh=X4GaBt+qisLszUoLlQoX6Qj0Kt8pfGVMPHII7noTzDc=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=F7eQBCNuuCtELnyIeMblnZKWZc2iHEo53jdZG6af1ZOCbohEE5zZcsEegWjRbdbZ4 UEQbhJZkqikFFSmkqUHd0vdnnzpJzh3o70GE2NtJlwhtiNPvo7PMtclDqxLXMTtHRo yiMJk7UaJcQ7G+6o+G75sqPAjpPd4pLjPMe/NRPGzRVfC3QSslbDP3wZDE/bu1Rt1y 5nV7RKoJ1Qsx/FsSXd0pECjXIN0pQ0IfzVrJaupEVVp4Wsf01JOujl2BPDRpBbFSay bbLu0V4sYGacFamDpLna8w7RLbx+k1cZlZzcc+dWNIKkMi36NBhxy4dhwH6i4V+aLG g1UIbN74X/wWQ== From: Ingo Molnar To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Andy Shevchenko , Arnd Bergmann , Borislav Petkov , Juergen Gross , "H . Peter Anvin" , Kees Cook , Linus Torvalds , Mike Rapoport , Paul Menzel , Peter Zijlstra , Thomas Gleixner , Ingo Molnar , David Woodhouse Subject: [PATCH 08/29] x86/boot/e820: Print E820_TYPE_RAM entries as ... RAM entries Date: Mon, 21 Apr 2025 20:51:48 +0200 Message-ID: <20250421185210.3372306-9-mingo@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.45.2 In-Reply-To: <20250421185210.3372306-1-mingo@kernel.org> References: <20250421185210.3372306-1-mingo@kernel.org> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" So it is a bit weird that the actual RAM entries of the E820 table are not actually called RAM, but 'usable': BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007ffdbfff] 1.9 GB usable 'usable' is pretty passive-aggressive in that context and ambiguous, most E820 entries denote 'usable' address ranges - reserved ranges may be used by devices, or the platform. Clarify and disambiguate this by making the boot log entry explicitly say 'kernel usable RAM': BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007ffdbfff] 1.9 GB kernel us= able RAM Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Cc: Andy Shevchenko Cc: Arnd Bergmann Cc: David Woodhouse Cc: H. Peter Anvin Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) --- arch/x86/kernel/e820.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c b/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c index 8ee89962fcbf..99f997ae88dc 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ void __init e820__range_add(u64 start, u64 size, enum e= 820_type type) static void __init e820_print_type(enum e820_type type) { switch (type) { - case E820_TYPE_RAM: pr_cont(" usable"); break; + case E820_TYPE_RAM: pr_cont(" kernel usable RAM"); break; case E820_TYPE_RESERVED: pr_cont(" reserved"); break; case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED: pr_cont(" soft reserved"); break; case E820_TYPE_ACPI: pr_cont(" ACPI data"); break; --=20 2.45.2