From nobody Sat Feb 7 20:38:54 2026 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id D2C86EB64DC for ; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:34:31 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S231537AbjGRPea (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Jul 2023 11:34:30 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:34336 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S231582AbjGRPeT (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Jul 2023 11:34:19 -0400 Received: from dfw.source.kernel.org (dfw.source.kernel.org [IPv6:2604:1380:4641:c500::1]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 375161B1 for ; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 08:33:58 -0700 (PDT) Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by dfw.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id E75D76163F for ; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:33:49 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id A2F9CC433C7; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:33:47 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1689694429; bh=dNhCnd7BRoxmEqrazlgCFOTdL35V2PIvQRzI8MBzvnc=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=IFQ8InmJBGLXenNwP9TnDxUAeYjLdfDQrr8/wvAJCYqc4mrpPIq0ZDaoObnj9De23 Qr6f29az56t/spK0A4QRGSAeLEwJMUgG48Ea3TRX4Mzt7N6F552Zxe6gSg6zzQ4Wu5 lc7cKIYgNIRocm20YW0mn47mMNx1yfPpDKXKU3jb2Kzyf9MYBc6RoEv1XSEsdxNufS BbzcZzQWpU0+m0GsJ/TUpMcScleur68RFM+hygwNFuVVfS1j1JfkENZpHBktkkGyn7 jK13Hr1rjvd19fBFltYyTB3eo5n3GCF69fWeyK85m+M9rYBo/Wc/QvN/fRAI/PClLG uf+7JdXQJgsFA== From: Jisheng Zhang To: Paul Walmsley , Palmer Dabbelt , Albert Ou Cc: linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v3 1/2] riscv: allow kmalloc() caches aligned to the smallest value Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2023 23:22:13 +0800 Message-Id: <20230718152214.2907-2-jszhang@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.40.0 In-Reply-To: <20230718152214.2907-1-jszhang@kernel.org> References: <20230718152214.2907-1-jszhang@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Currently, riscv defines ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN as L1_CACHE_BYTES, I.E 64Bytes, if CONFIG_RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT=3Dy. To support unified kernel Image, usually we have to enable CONFIG_RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT, thus it brings some bad effects to coherent platforms: Firstly, it wastes memory, kmalloc-96, kmalloc-32, kmalloc-16 and kmalloc-8 slab caches don't exist any more, they are replaced with either kmalloc-128 or kmalloc-64. Secondly, larger than necessary kmalloc aligned allocations results in unnecessary cache/TLB pressure. This issue also exists on arm64 platforms. From last year, Catalin tried to solve this issue by decoupling ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN from ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN, limiting kmalloc() minimum alignment to dma_get_cache_alignment() and replacing ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN usage in various drivers with ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN etc.[1] One fact we can make use of for riscv: if the CPU doesn't support ZICBOM or T-HEAD CMO, we know the platform is coherent. Based on Catalin's work and above fact, we can easily solve the kmalloc align issue for riscv: we can override dma_get_cache_alignment(), then let it return ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN at the beginning and return 1 once we know the underlying HW neither supports ZICBOM nor supports T-HEAD CMO. So what about if the CPU supports ZICBOM or T-HEAD CMO, but all the devices are dma coherent? Well, we use ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN as the kmalloc minimum alignment, nothing changed in this case. This case can be improved in the future. After this patch, a simple test of booting to a small buildroot rootfs on qemu shows: kmalloc-96 5041 5041 96 ... kmalloc-64 9606 9606 64 ... kmalloc-32 5128 5128 32 ... kmalloc-16 7682 7682 16 ... kmalloc-8 10246 10246 8 ... So we save about 1268KB memory. The saving will be much larger in normal OS env on real HW platforms. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arm-kernel/20230524171904.3967031-1-cat= alin.marinas@arm.com/ [1] Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley --- arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h | 14 ++++++++++++++ arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h | 2 ++ arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c | 1 + arch/riscv/mm/dma-noncoherent.c | 8 ++++++++ 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+) diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h index d3036df23ccb..2174fe7bac9a 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/cache.h @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ =20 #ifdef CONFIG_RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT #define ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN L1_CACHE_BYTES +#define ARCH_KMALLOC_MINALIGN (8) #endif =20 /* @@ -23,4 +24,17 @@ #define ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN 16 #endif =20 +#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__ + +#ifdef CONFIG_RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT +extern int dma_cache_alignment; +#define dma_get_cache_alignment dma_get_cache_alignment +static inline int dma_get_cache_alignment(void) +{ + return dma_cache_alignment; +} +#endif + +#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */ + #endif /* _ASM_RISCV_CACHE_H */ diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/c= acheflush.h index 8091b8bf4883..c640ab6f843b 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/cacheflush.h @@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ void riscv_init_cbo_blocksizes(void); =20 #ifdef CONFIG_RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT void riscv_noncoherent_supported(void); +void __init riscv_set_dma_cache_alignment(void); #else static inline void riscv_noncoherent_supported(void) {} +static inline void riscv_set_dma_cache_alignment(void) {} #endif =20 /* diff --git a/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c b/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c index 971fe776e2f8..027879b1557a 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c +++ b/arch/riscv/kernel/setup.c @@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RISCV_ISA_ZICBOM) && riscv_isa_extension_available(NULL, ZICBOM)) riscv_noncoherent_supported(); + riscv_set_dma_cache_alignment(); } =20 static int __init topology_init(void) diff --git a/arch/riscv/mm/dma-noncoherent.c b/arch/riscv/mm/dma-noncoheren= t.c index d51a75864e53..811227e54bbd 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/mm/dma-noncoherent.c +++ b/arch/riscv/mm/dma-noncoherent.c @@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ #include =20 static bool noncoherent_supported __ro_after_init; +int dma_cache_alignment __ro_after_init =3D ARCH_DMA_MINALIGN; +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dma_cache_alignment); =20 void arch_sync_dma_for_device(phys_addr_t paddr, size_t size, enum dma_data_direction dir) @@ -78,3 +80,9 @@ void riscv_noncoherent_supported(void) "Non-coherent DMA support enabled without a block size\n"); noncoherent_supported =3D true; } + +void __init riscv_set_dma_cache_alignment(void) +{ + if (!noncoherent_supported) + dma_cache_alignment =3D 1; +} --=20 2.40.1 From nobody Sat Feb 7 20:38:54 2026 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 0FF17EB64DA for ; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:34:36 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S233267AbjGRPed (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Jul 2023 11:34:33 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:34196 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S232294AbjGRPeV (ORCPT ); Tue, 18 Jul 2023 11:34:21 -0400 Received: from dfw.source.kernel.org (dfw.source.kernel.org [IPv6:2604:1380:4641:c500::1]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 69B0E172D for ; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 08:34:00 -0700 (PDT) Received: from smtp.kernel.org (relay.kernel.org [52.25.139.140]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by dfw.source.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 78AB56164C for ; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:33:51 +0000 (UTC) Received: by smtp.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id BC4A2C433C8; Tue, 18 Jul 2023 15:33:49 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=kernel.org; s=k20201202; t=1689694430; bh=mqwYcIZH+M6h8d7AW+YLg7/JE8kUv6dByMB/fsXMe5E=; h=From:To:Cc:Subject:Date:In-Reply-To:References:From; b=ZauC2YoS57Y7Z75WX93K8wwq6vCm7vKYIrjQ7e1PVKNVB9oFy4zuFqlAHt/o9u8ig +jHL7t3YG0DIEB6aHqFTmfny58qvFcbf5CIXyGWvdZTy1e53lTQ536dn67rE17C/nX tNSMeABCJ0uBzJAhNRUYMbCjBerE73usUmO+jRF0pZkGkqrR+kns0jDAsySb5rrjm0 vJ0c0tNKTFlWD33YC5Vz/yDQMvPds538rFQgalIrZPB3wuBc466LP3kRSqQwFP4Ch0 oEvk6Z0ioJ5Hc+hwquvbxlp6Z83T51FMAMWjgZo4xqIpfbbJNOElQr6m7JucSJtx3Y kYKEx/dV4ZjKQ== From: Jisheng Zhang To: Paul Walmsley , Palmer Dabbelt , Albert Ou Cc: linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Conor Dooley Subject: [PATCH v3 2/2] riscv: enable DMA_BOUNCE_UNALIGNED_KMALLOC for !dma_coherent Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2023 23:22:14 +0800 Message-Id: <20230718152214.2907-3-jszhang@kernel.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.40.0 In-Reply-To: <20230718152214.2907-1-jszhang@kernel.org> References: <20230718152214.2907-1-jszhang@kernel.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" With the DMA bouncing of unaligned kmalloc() buffers now in place, enable it for riscv when RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT=3Dy to allow the kmalloc-{8,16,32,96} caches. Since RV32 doesn't enable SWIOTLB yet, and I didn't see any dma noncoherent RV32 platforms in the mainline, so skip RV32 now by only enabling DMA_BOUNCE_UNALIGNED_KMALLOC if SWIOTLB is available. Once we see such requirement on RV32, we can enable it then. NOTE: we didn't force to create the swiotlb buffer even when the end of RAM is within the 32-bit physical address range. That's to say: For RV64 with > 4GB memory, the feature is enabled. For RV64 with <=3D 4GB memory, the feature isn't enabled by default. We rely on users to pass "swiotlb=3Dmmnn,force" where mmnn is the Number of I/O TLB slabs, see kernel-parameters.txt for details. Tested on Sipeed Lichee Pi 4A with 8GB DDR and Sipeed M1S BL808 Dock board. Signed-off-by: Jisheng Zhang Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley --- arch/riscv/Kconfig | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/arch/riscv/Kconfig b/arch/riscv/Kconfig index 4c07b9189c86..6681bd6ed2d7 100644 --- a/arch/riscv/Kconfig +++ b/arch/riscv/Kconfig @@ -267,6 +267,7 @@ config RISCV_DMA_NONCOHERENT select ARCH_HAS_SETUP_DMA_OPS select ARCH_HAS_SYNC_DMA_FOR_CPU select ARCH_HAS_SYNC_DMA_FOR_DEVICE + select DMA_BOUNCE_UNALIGNED_KMALLOC if SWIOTLB select DMA_DIRECT_REMAP =20 config AS_HAS_INSN --=20 2.40.1