From nobody Sun Feb 8 12:57:51 2026 Received: from galois.linutronix.de (Galois.linutronix.de [193.142.43.55]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by smtp.subspace.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 93BF22E03E3; Sun, 14 Dec 2025 08:37:44 +0000 (UTC) Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; arc=none smtp.client-ip=193.142.43.55 ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1765701466; cv=none; b=COP/mZAIKNnaFyN4CVkHSKMuAHMqiEDMZ0yt/hCoXRVVrvjcstUZi5e0tmo3XNn8kscAhLru9hr1ZFgF9AM6mNSrg08sklnSxAWLi4z+vD1/2wblwdMx2ZiD9KrCPpxxO05Xsv79RkmT82hubZ6o6k12NuXn30gO1mlc3JCtBqk= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=subspace.kernel.org; s=arc-20240116; t=1765701466; c=relaxed/simple; bh=NmZWkX0TBXAN7IFdDSO2YKGaejCQophC20763+VI1iQ=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:Cc:In-Reply-To:References:MIME-Version: Message-ID:Content-Type; b=OJDmXuLauFe87zLKPWbDWlugcndq38YoEoxEiM7qXr8erwwKKk9YGQHRHnoW2GpWqYESOSBjQvyAja6X7S364ZYdugJ17JQRdH+fag860/VaqohIGAkZNZQxaQiuoYXKAFUU077IbfVmCNkWHDnNRR+65rUA1F9ibrecvXhUH78= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=linutronix.de; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=linutronix.de; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=linutronix.de header.i=@linutronix.de header.b=IytIwmJx; dkim=permerror (0-bit key) header.d=linutronix.de header.i=@linutronix.de header.b=qf3MBGul; arc=none smtp.client-ip=193.142.43.55 Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=none dis=none) header.from=linutronix.de Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=linutronix.de Authentication-Results: smtp.subspace.kernel.org; dkim=pass (2048-bit key) header.d=linutronix.de header.i=@linutronix.de header.b="IytIwmJx"; dkim=permerror (0-bit key) header.d=linutronix.de header.i=@linutronix.de header.b="qf3MBGul" Date: Sun, 14 Dec 2025 08:37:41 -0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=linutronix.de; s=2020; t=1765701463; h=from:from:sender:sender:reply-to:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date: message-id:message-id:to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=ejfOUPwHREUQ01TIFvBNGYU2sENeqfoaIhcnvQYdi5c=; b=IytIwmJxLklcuxvK/Tz2X5A2c+ekbrqQC9i99gsPvepgpJNvilOr8wl+cvi5A9GxXlquwR kMmWnsJ4FFLyCvY2ZchAEJZySpLClvN569EGOKiAWge71qE2aOrmDM0MnWgN0+cDkueYsm 7mxWz0DS2EnEnkqpQ+mf/q/wDru+a7vExbHnXbbMPYuxDIzqWYPxbg/Og6cyLL4Sj2Q2xD lJl6CEG1m7wr7GvgS9SoIRI71NiXIl25ZRwYwo+FEzEXj0R6aacFTBgk3XT+n+mGVEL1QA LUhJZ3m/rOnEhkeJdRPDz9J0ppIrM3tLYvy1ambPi9AZh/OIEb6WcCFwlx4Htw== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=ed25519-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=linutronix.de; s=2020e; t=1765701463; h=from:from:sender:sender:reply-to:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date: message-id:message-id:to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-type:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=ejfOUPwHREUQ01TIFvBNGYU2sENeqfoaIhcnvQYdi5c=; b=qf3MBGul6E38VMtbmVMxE6dXCZ8v/ZIWUS5jcOMViVWU9IvV5p3YoPiEJujY5bseXeoFIW iGBJUqJL8UOwGXAw== From: "tip-bot2 for Ingo Molnar" Sender: tip-bot2@linutronix.de Reply-to: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org To: linux-tip-commits@vger.kernel.org Subject: [tip: x86/boot] x86/boot/e820: Print E820_TYPE_RAM entries as ... RAM entries Cc: Ingo Molnar , Andy Shevchenko , Arnd Bergmann , Borislav Petkov , Juergen Gross , "H . Peter Anvin" , Kees Cook , Linus Torvalds , Mike Rapoport , Paul Menzel , Peter Zijlstra , Thomas Gleixner , David Woodhouse , x86@kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org In-Reply-To: <20250515120549.2820541-9-mingo@kernel.org> References: <20250515120549.2820541-9-mingo@kernel.org> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Message-ID: <176570146193.498.5586028711805916840.tip-bot2@tip-bot2> Robot-ID: Robot-Unsubscribe: Contact to get blacklisted from these emails Precedence: bulk Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable The following commit has been merged into the x86/boot branch of tip: Commit-ID: fa06d58805c88f76f4454284c1e9e8334b559e30 Gitweb: https://git.kernel.org/tip/fa06d58805c88f76f4454284c1e9e8334= b559e30 Author: Ingo Molnar AuthorDate: Thu, 15 May 2025 14:05:24 +02:00 Committer: Ingo Molnar CommitterDate: Sun, 14 Dec 2025 09:19:38 +01:00 x86/boot/e820: Print E820_TYPE_RAM entries as ... RAM entries So it is a bit weird that the actual RAM entries of the E820 table are not actually called RAM, but 'usable': BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007ffdbfff] 1.9 GB usable 'usable' is pretty passive-aggressive in that context and ambiguous, most E820 entries denote 'usable' address ranges - reserved ranges may be used by devices, or the platform. Clarify and disambiguate this by making the boot log entry explicitly say 'System RAM', like in /proc/iomem: BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000007ffdbfff] 1.9 GB System RAM Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Cc: Andy Shevchenko Cc: Arnd Bergmann Cc: Borislav Petkov Cc: Juergen Gross Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Mike Rapoport Cc: Paul Menzel Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: David Woodhouse Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250515120549.2820541-9-mingo@kernel.org --- arch/x86/kernel/e820.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c b/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c index 5800153..b0efa4b 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/e820.c @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ void __init e820__range_add(u64 start, u64 size, enum e= 820_type type) static void __init e820_print_type(enum e820_type type) { switch (type) { - case E820_TYPE_RAM: pr_cont(" usable"); break; + case E820_TYPE_RAM: pr_cont(" System RAM"); break; case E820_TYPE_RESERVED: pr_cont(" reserved"); break; case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED: pr_cont(" soft reserved"); break; case E820_TYPE_ACPI: pr_cont(" ACPI data"); break;