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Fri, 26 Dec 2025 08:51:31 -0800 (PST) From: Chao Liu To: richard.henderson@linaro.org, pbonzini@redhat.com Cc: qemu-devel@nongnu.org, hust-os-kernel-patches@googlegroups.com, Chao Liu Subject: [RFC PATCH v1 1/3] tcg: add tcg_gen_print helper Date: Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:51:19 +0800 Message-ID: <351d52eddf751569872ac1cac9d0d62c6d3c54da.1766767299.git.chao.liu.zevorn@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.52.0 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=2607:f8b0:4864:20::443; envelope-from=chao.liu.zevorn@gmail.com; helo=mail-pf1-x443.google.com X-Spam_score_int: -20 X-Spam_score: -2.1 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.1 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @gmail.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1766767928926158500 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Add tcg_gen_print() so translators can dump formatted state without hand writing helpers. The helper builds a typed descriptor for up to four arguments and emits a runtime call that prints via qemu_printf(). Example: ``` tcg_gen_print("const value =3D 0x%lx\n" TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64, tcg_constant_i64(0xdead), TCG_PRINT_ARG_END); ``` Signed-off-by: Chao Liu --- accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.c | 187 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.h | 1 + include/tcg/tcg-op-common.h | 2 + include/tcg/tcg-print.h | 45 +++++++++ tcg/tcg-op.c | 89 +++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 324 insertions(+) create mode 100644 include/tcg/tcg-print.h diff --git a/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.c b/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.c index fa7ed9739c..e75c1d5702 100644 --- a/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.c +++ b/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.c @@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ */ #include "qemu/osdep.h" #include "qemu/host-utils.h" +#include "qemu/qemu-print.h" #include "exec/cpu-common.h" #include "exec/helper-proto-common.h" #include "accel/tcg/getpc.h" +#include "tcg/tcg-print.h" =20 #define HELPER_H "accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.h" #include "exec/helper-info.c.inc" @@ -148,3 +150,188 @@ void HELPER(exit_atomic)(CPUArchState *env) { cpu_loop_exit_atomic(env_cpu(env), GETPC()); } + +static void tcg_print_skip_format(const char **pfmt) +{ + const char *p =3D *pfmt; + + while (*p) { + char c =3D *p; + + if (c =3D=3D 'l' || c =3D=3D 'h' || c =3D=3D 'z' || c =3D=3D 't' || + c =3D=3D 'j' || c =3D=3D '*') { + p++; + continue; + } + if (strchr("diuoxXp", c) || c =3D=3D '%') { + p++; + break; + } + p++; + } + *pfmt =3D p; +} + +static bool tcg_print_emit_arg(GString *out, const char **pfmt, + TCGPrintArgType type, uint64_t value) +{ + const char *p =3D *pfmt; + char prefix[32]; + size_t prelen =3D 0; + + if (*p =3D=3D '\0') { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + + prefix[prelen++] =3D '%'; + while (*p) { + char c =3D *p; + + if (c =3D=3D '*') { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + if (c =3D=3D 'l' || c =3D=3D 'h' || c =3D=3D 'z' || c =3D=3D 't' |= | c =3D=3D 'j') { + p++; + continue; + } + if (strchr("diuoxXp", c)) { + char fmtbuf[64]; + size_t len; + + if (prelen >=3D sizeof(fmtbuf)) { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + memcpy(fmtbuf, prefix, prelen); + len =3D prelen; + if (c !=3D 'p' && + (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64 || + (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR && + sizeof(uintptr_t) =3D=3D 8))) { + if (len + 2 >=3D sizeof(fmtbuf)) { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + fmtbuf[len++] =3D 'l'; + fmtbuf[len++] =3D 'l'; + } + if (len + 1 >=3D sizeof(fmtbuf)) { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + fmtbuf[len++] =3D c; + fmtbuf[len] =3D '\0'; + + char tmp[128]; + bool ok =3D true; + + switch (c) { + case 'd': + case 'i': + if (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64 || + (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR && + sizeof(uintptr_t) =3D=3D 8)) { + g_snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmtbuf, + (long long)(int64_t)value); + } else if (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_I32 || + (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR && + sizeof(uintptr_t) =3D=3D 4)) { + g_snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmtbuf, + (int)(int32_t)value); + } else { + ok =3D false; + } + break; + case 'u': + case 'o': + case 'x': + case 'X': + if (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64 || + (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR && + sizeof(uintptr_t) =3D=3D 8)) { + g_snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmtbuf, + (unsigned long long)value); + } else if (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_I32 || + (type =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR && + sizeof(uintptr_t) =3D=3D 4)) { + g_snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmtbuf, + (unsigned int)(uint32_t)value); + } else { + ok =3D false; + } + break; + case 'p': + g_snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), fmtbuf, + (void *)(uintptr_t)value); + break; + default: + ok =3D false; + break; + } + + if (!ok) { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + g_string_append(out, tmp); + *pfmt =3D p + 1; + return true; + } + if (prelen + 1 >=3D sizeof(prefix)) { + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; + } + prefix[prelen++] =3D c; + p++; + } + tcg_print_skip_format(pfmt); + return false; +} + +void HELPER(tcg_print)(void *fmt_ptr, uint32_t desc, + uint64_t v0, uint64_t v1, + uint64_t v2, uint64_t v3, + uint64_t v4) +{ + const char *fmt =3D fmt_ptr; + uint64_t values[TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS] =3D { v0, v1, v2, v3, v4 }; + TCGPrintArgType types[TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS]; + GString *msg =3D g_string_new(NULL); + unsigned count =3D tcg_print_desc_count(desc); + unsigned i; + unsigned arg_index =3D 0; + + g_assert(count <=3D TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS); + + for (i =3D 0; i < count && i < TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS; i++) { + types[i] =3D tcg_print_desc_type(desc, i); + } + + while (*fmt) { + if (*fmt !=3D '%') { + g_string_append_c(msg, *fmt++); + continue; + } + fmt++; + if (*fmt =3D=3D '%') { + g_string_append_c(msg, '%'); + fmt++; + continue; + } + if (arg_index >=3D count) { + tcg_print_skip_format(&fmt); + g_string_append(msg, ""); + continue; + } + if (!tcg_print_emit_arg(msg, &fmt, types[arg_index], + values[arg_index])) { + g_string_append(msg, ""); + } + arg_index++; + } + + qemu_printf("%s", msg->str); + g_string_free(msg, TRUE); +} diff --git a/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.h b/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.h index 8436599b9f..6b1f0c0b13 100644 --- a/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.h +++ b/accel/tcg/tcg-runtime.h @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ DEF_HELPER_FLAGS_1(ctpop_i64, TCG_CALL_NO_RWG_SE, i64, i6= 4) DEF_HELPER_FLAGS_1(lookup_tb_ptr, TCG_CALL_NO_WG_SE, cptr, env) =20 DEF_HELPER_FLAGS_1(exit_atomic, TCG_CALL_NO_WG, noreturn, env) +DEF_HELPER_FLAGS_7(tcg_print, 0, void, ptr, i32, i64, i64, i64, i64, i64) =20 #ifndef IN_HELPER_PROTO /* diff --git a/include/tcg/tcg-op-common.h b/include/tcg/tcg-op-common.h index f752ef440b..858137cf41 100644 --- a/include/tcg/tcg-op-common.h +++ b/include/tcg/tcg-op-common.h @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ #define TCG_TCG_OP_COMMON_H =20 #include "tcg/tcg.h" +#include "tcg/tcg-print.h" #include "exec/helper-proto-common.h" #include "exec/helper-gen-common.h" =20 @@ -77,6 +78,7 @@ void tcg_gen_lookup_and_goto_ptr(void); =20 void tcg_gen_plugin_cb(unsigned from); void tcg_gen_plugin_mem_cb(TCGv_i64 addr, unsigned meminfo); +void tcg_gen_print(const char *fmt, ...); =20 /* 32 bit ops */ =20 diff --git a/include/tcg/tcg-print.h b/include/tcg/tcg-print.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..40a2dd9d40 --- /dev/null +++ b/include/tcg/tcg-print.h @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +/* + * Shared definitions for the TCG printf-style helper. + * + * Copyright (c) 2025 Chao Liu + * + * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later + */ + +#ifndef TCG_TCG_PRINT_H +#define TCG_TCG_PRINT_H + +#define TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS 5 + +typedef enum TCGPrintArgType { + TCG_PRINT_ARG_END =3D 0, + TCG_PRINT_ARG_I32 =3D 1, + TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64 =3D 2, + TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR =3D 3, +} TCGPrintArgType; + +#define TCG_PRINT_DESC_COUNT_MASK 0xF +#define TCG_PRINT_DESC_SHIFT 4 +#define TCG_PRINT_DESC_BITS_PER_ARG 3 +#define TCG_PRINT_DESC_TYPE_MASK ((1u << TCG_PRINT_DESC_BITS_PER_ARG) - 1) + +static inline unsigned tcg_print_desc_count(uint32_t desc) +{ + return desc & TCG_PRINT_DESC_COUNT_MASK; +} + +static inline unsigned tcg_print_desc_type(uint32_t desc, unsigned index) +{ + return (desc >> (TCG_PRINT_DESC_SHIFT + + index * TCG_PRINT_DESC_BITS_PER_ARG)) + & TCG_PRINT_DESC_TYPE_MASK; +} + +static inline uint32_t tcg_print_desc_add_type(uint32_t desc, unsigned ind= ex, + TCGPrintArgType type) +{ + return desc | ((uint32_t)type & TCG_PRINT_DESC_TYPE_MASK) + << (TCG_PRINT_DESC_SHIFT + index * TCG_PRINT_DESC_BITS_PER_ARG); +} + +#endif /* TCG_TCG_PRINT_H */ diff --git a/tcg/tcg-op.c b/tcg/tcg-op.c index ab7b409be6..44d50c84da 100644 --- a/tcg/tcg-op.c +++ b/tcg/tcg-op.c @@ -323,6 +323,95 @@ void tcg_gen_plugin_mem_cb(TCGv_i64 addr, unsigned mem= info) tcg_gen_op2(INDEX_op_plugin_mem_cb, 0, tcgv_i64_arg(addr), meminfo); } =20 +void tcg_gen_print(const char *fmt, ...) +{ + TCGTemp *temps[TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS]; + TCGPrintArgType kinds[TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS]; + TCGv_i64 values[TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS]; + TCGv_i64 to_free[TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS]; + int free_count =3D 0; + int count =3D 0; + va_list ap; + uint32_t desc; + TCGv_ptr fmt_ptr; + TCGv_i32 desc_arg; + TCGv_i64 zero; + int i; + + QEMU_BUILD_BUG_ON(TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS !=3D 5); + + va_start(ap, fmt); + for (;;) { + int kind =3D va_arg(ap, int); + + if (kind =3D=3D TCG_PRINT_ARG_END) { + break; + } + g_assert(count < TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS); + + switch (kind) { + case TCG_PRINT_ARG_I32: + temps[count] =3D tcgv_i32_temp(va_arg(ap, TCGv_i32)); + break; + case TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64: + temps[count] =3D tcgv_i64_temp(va_arg(ap, TCGv_i64)); + break; + case TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR: + temps[count] =3D tcgv_ptr_temp(va_arg(ap, TCGv_ptr)); + break; + default: + g_assert_not_reached(); + } + kinds[count++] =3D kind; + } + va_end(ap); + + desc =3D count; + for (i =3D 0; i < count; i++) { + desc =3D tcg_print_desc_add_type(desc, i, kinds[i]); + } + + fmt_ptr =3D tcg_constant_ptr(fmt); + desc_arg =3D tcg_constant_i32(desc); + zero =3D tcg_constant_i64(0); + + for (i =3D 0; i < count; i++) { + switch (kinds[i]) { + case TCG_PRINT_ARG_I32: + values[i] =3D tcg_temp_ebb_new_i64(); + tcg_gen_extu_i32_i64(values[i], temp_tcgv_i32(temps[i])); + to_free[free_count++] =3D values[i]; + break; + case TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64: + values[i] =3D temp_tcgv_i64(temps[i]); + break; + case TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR: +#if UINTPTR_MAX =3D=3D UINT32_MAX + values[i] =3D tcg_temp_ebb_new_i64(); + tcg_gen_extu_i32_i64(values[i], + (TCGv_i32)temp_tcgv_ptr(temps[i])); + to_free[free_count++] =3D values[i]; +#else + values[i] =3D temp_tcgv_i64(temps[i]); +#endif + break; + default: + g_assert_not_reached(); + } + } + for (; i < TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS; i++) { + values[i] =3D zero; + } + + gen_helper_tcg_print(fmt_ptr, desc_arg, + values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3], + values[4]); + + for (i =3D 0; i < free_count; i++) { + tcg_temp_free_i64(to_free[i]); + } +} + /* 32 bit ops */ =20 void tcg_gen_discard_i32(TCGv_i32 arg) --=20 2.52.0 From nobody Sun Feb 8 06:21:52 2026 Delivered-To: importer@patchew.org Authentication-Results: mx.zohomail.com; dkim=pass; spf=pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; 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Fri, 26 Dec 2025 08:51:34 -0800 (PST) From: Chao Liu To: richard.henderson@linaro.org, pbonzini@redhat.com Cc: qemu-devel@nongnu.org, hust-os-kernel-patches@googlegroups.com, Chao Liu Subject: [RFC PATCH v1 2/3] scripts: warn on tcg_gen_print usage to the checkpatch.pl Date: Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:51:20 +0800 Message-ID: <759a2f0f5e046d7767738ebc190c0cd817f6b2c0.1766767299.git.chao.liu.zevorn@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.52.0 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=2607:f8b0:4864:20::442; envelope-from=chao.liu.zevorn@gmail.com; helo=mail-pf1-x442.google.com X-Spam_score_int: -20 X-Spam_score: -2.1 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.1 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @gmail.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1766767944735158500 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Signed-off-by: Chao Liu --- scripts/checkpatch.pl | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/scripts/checkpatch.pl b/scripts/checkpatch.pl index 3a9557417f..43d3db9f38 100755 --- a/scripts/checkpatch.pl +++ b/scripts/checkpatch.pl @@ -1985,6 +1985,11 @@ sub process { ERROR("adding a line without newline at end of file\n" . $herecurr); } =20 +# check for tcg_gen_print is present in submitted patches + if ($rawline =3D~ /^\+.*\btcg_gen_print\s*\(/) { + WARN("tcg_gen_print(): debug-only, remove all calls before patch submis= sion.\n" . $herecurr); + } + # check for RCS/CVS revision markers if ($rawline =3D~ /^\+.*\$(Revision|Log|Id)(?:\$|\b)/) { ERROR("CVS style keyword markers, these will _not_ be updated\n". $here= curr); --=20 2.52.0 From nobody Sun Feb 8 06:21:52 2026 Delivered-To: importer@patchew.org Authentication-Results: mx.zohomail.com; dkim=pass; spf=pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; dmarc=pass(p=none dis=none) header.from=gmail.com ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1766767947; cv=none; d=zohomail.com; s=zohoarc; b=I4r9CtOZaXmXr546XkMV0wI2qRDu3n6TZLk8gKDLLGKUoZUS9UWeV3IKzPDB98CHpIQcx4zxgKTKf7dErLbDVM/PJmFUbtKcGGWvn4E58BEPzSTD4DbatEb5CaBprxtw1mkOPdV+IIUNgb3kaSIxkuGE62Ssbo/3BTujGI7NCW0= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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Fri, 26 Dec 2025 08:51:38 -0800 (PST) From: Chao Liu To: richard.henderson@linaro.org, pbonzini@redhat.com Cc: qemu-devel@nongnu.org, hust-os-kernel-patches@googlegroups.com, Chao Liu Subject: [RFC PATCH v1 3/3] docs: add documentation for the tcg_gen_print helper to tcg-ops Date: Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:51:21 +0800 Message-ID: <82ed02136c45afca45a5706dac7a8544b88c6d12.1766767299.git.chao.liu.zevorn@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.52.0 In-Reply-To: References: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=2607:f8b0:4864:20::444; envelope-from=chao.liu.zevorn@gmail.com; helo=mail-pf1-x444.google.com X-Spam_score_int: -20 X-Spam_score: -2.1 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.1 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, FREEMAIL_FROM=0.001, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @gmail.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1766767948739158500 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Signed-off-by: Chao Liu --- docs/devel/tcg-ops.rst | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/devel/tcg-ops.rst b/docs/devel/tcg-ops.rst index f26b837a30..4b5ee3b560 100644 --- a/docs/devel/tcg-ops.rst +++ b/docs/devel/tcg-ops.rst @@ -924,6 +924,39 @@ a constant (e.g. addi for add, movi for mov). as some of them may not be available as "real" opcodes. Always use the function tcg_gen_xxx(args). =20 +Debug Print Helpers +-------------------- + +When debugging decode logic or validating a freshly built TCG sequence, yo= u can +insert a printf-style TCG operation via ``tcg_gen_print()``. The generated= op +calls the ``tcg_print`` helper when the TB runs and forwards the formatted +string to ``qemu_printf``. This impacts performance, so enable it only dur= ing +local debugging or under controlled conditions. + +The first argument to ``tcg_gen_print`` is a ``printf``-style format strin= g. +Each subsequent argument must be provided as a pair consisting of a +``TCGPrintArgType`` enum value (defined in ``tcg/tcg-print.h``) and a TCG +register or constant of the matching type, and the list ends with +``TCG_PRINT_ARG_END``. At most ``TCG_PRINT_MAX_ARGS`` (currently 5) dynamic +arguments are supported; use ``TCG_PRINT_ARG_PTR`` when printing pointers.= For +literal numbers, first create a TCG constant via ``tcg_constant_i32`` or +``tcg_constant_i64`` before passing it in. + +.. code-block:: c + + tcg_gen_print("rd=3D%d sum=3D0x%" PRId64 "\n", + TCG_PRINT_ARG_I32, tcg_constant_i32(1), + TCG_PRINT_ARG_I64, cpu_gpr[1], + TCG_PRINT_ARG_END); + +When the translated TB executes, the snippet above prints the destination +register number, and the value written back, which helps observe the runti= me +values of TCG variables quickly. + +It is worth noting that ``tcg_gen_print()`` is only recommended for debugg= ing +purposes. You must remove all instances of it from your patch before +submitting official code. The ``checkpatch.pl`` script will check your pat= ch +for any usage of ``tcg_gen_print()`` and throw a warning if detected. =20 Backend =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D --=20 2.52.0