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Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:24 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IFtkmjwxG41JZQ26ueWqbgWb+OBEnHp+Q1/gCQU2FnuFPYdW1I62mAWq0nX9WY0OdtO7sCc6A== X-Received: by 2002:a05:6000:40cc:b0:3ec:d78d:8fde with SMTP id ffacd0b85a97d-3ee8585e38dmr10304849f8f.44.1758540744073; Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:24 -0700 (PDT) From: Paolo Bonzini To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Cc: =?UTF-8?q?Alex=20Benn=C3=A9e?= , =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20P=20=2E=20Berrang=C3=A9?= , Markus Armbruster , Peter Maydell , Stefan Hajnoczi Subject: [RFC PATCH 1/4] docs/code-provenance: clarify scope very early Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 13:32:16 +0200 Message-ID: <20250922113219.32122-2-pbonzini@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.0 In-Reply-To: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> References: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.133.124; envelope-from=pbonzini@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -24 X-Spam_score: -2.5 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.442, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H5=0.001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_CERTIFIED_BLOCKED=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_RPBL_BLOCKED=0.001, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @redhat.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1758540828284116600 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" The AI policy in QEMU is not about content generators, it is about generated content. Other uses are explicitly not covered. Rename the policy and mention its scope only as a matter of convenience to the reader, in the TL;DR section. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini Reviewed-by: Alex Benn=C3=A9e Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrang=C3=A9 --- docs/devel/code-provenance.rst | 11 ++++++----- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst index b5aae2e2532..dba99a26f64 100644 --- a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst +++ b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst @@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ Such tools are acceptable to use, provided there is cle= arly defined copyright and licensing for their output. Note in particular the caveats applying to= AI content generators below. =20 -Use of AI content generators -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Use of AI-generated content +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ =20 TL;DR: =20 @@ -294,6 +294,10 @@ TL;DR: believed to include or derive from AI generated content. This includes ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, Llama and similar tools.** =20 + **This policy does not apply to other uses of AI, such as researching AP= Is + or algorithms, static analysis, or debugging, provided their output is n= ot + included in contributions.** + The increasing prevalence of AI-assisted software development results in a number of difficult legal questions and risks for software projects, inclu= ding QEMU. Of particular concern is content generated by `Large Language Models @@ -322,9 +326,6 @@ The QEMU project thus requires that contributors refrai= n from using AI content generators on patches intended to be submitted to the project, and will decline any contribution if use of AI is either known or suspected. =20 -This policy does not apply to other uses of AI, such as researching APIs or -algorithms, static analysis, or debugging, provided their output is not to= be -included in contributions. =20 Examples of tools impacted by this policy includes GitHub's CoPilot, OpenA= I's ChatGPT, Anthropic's Claude, and Meta's Code Llama, and code/content --=20 2.51.0 From nobody Sun Sep 28 15:26:55 2025 Delivered-To: importer@patchew.org Authentication-Results: mx.zohomail.com; dkim=pass; spf=pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; dmarc=pass(p=quarantine dis=none) header.from=redhat.com ARC-Seal: i=1; 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Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:27 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IGFl+GdkVjdTZ0hNgRfqR0pPSpzItE6wpEzF5hhiKrstG/6GfqDD6Sm8KkZXHLsXBd20GkHDw== X-Received: by 2002:a05:600c:4f11:b0:45f:27fb:8017 with SMTP id 5b1f17b1804b1-468a10cd520mr139093985e9.5.1758540746600; Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:26 -0700 (PDT) From: Paolo Bonzini To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Cc: =?UTF-8?q?Alex=20Benn=C3=A9e?= , =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20P=20=2E=20Berrang=C3=A9?= , Markus Armbruster , Peter Maydell , Stefan Hajnoczi Subject: [RFC PATCH 2/4] docs/code-provenance: make the exception process more prominent Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 13:32:17 +0200 Message-ID: <20250922113219.32122-3-pbonzini@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.0 In-Reply-To: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> References: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.133.124; envelope-from=pbonzini@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -24 X-Spam_score: -2.5 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.442, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H5=0.001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_CERTIFIED_BLOCKED=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_RPBL_BLOCKED=0.001, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @redhat.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1758540793569116600 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" The exception process is a second thought in QEMU's policy for AI-generated content. It is not really possible to understand how people want to use these tools without formalizing it a bit more and encouraging people to request exceptions if they see a good use for AI-generated content. Note that right now, in my opinion, the exception process remains infeasible, because there is no agreement on how to "demonstrate clarity of the license and copyright status for the tool's output". This will be sorted out separately. What is missing: do we want a formal way to identify commits for which an exception to the AI policy was granted? The common way to do so seems to be "Generated-by" or "Assisted-by" but I don't want to turn commit message into an ad space. I would lean more towards something like AI-exception-granted-by: Mary Maintainer but at the same time I don't want to invent something just for QEMU. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini --- docs/devel/code-provenance.rst | 22 ++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst index dba99a26f64..d435ab145cf 100644 --- a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst +++ b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst @@ -292,7 +292,8 @@ TL;DR: =20 **Current QEMU project policy is to DECLINE any contributions which are believed to include or derive from AI generated content. This includes - ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, Llama and similar tools.** + ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, Llama and similar tools. Exceptions may be + requested on a case-by-case basis.** =20 **This policy does not apply to other uses of AI, such as researching AP= Is or algorithms, static analysis, or debugging, provided their output is n= ot @@ -322,18 +323,19 @@ How contributors could comply with DCO terms (b) or (= c) for the output of AI content generators commonly available today is unclear. The QEMU project = is not willing or able to accept the legal risks of non-compliance. =20 -The QEMU project thus requires that contributors refrain from using AI con= tent -generators on patches intended to be submitted to the project, and will -decline any contribution if use of AI is either known or suspected. +The QEMU project requires contributors to refrain from using AI content +generators without going through an exception request process. +AI-generated code will only be included in the project after the +exception request has been evaluated by the QEMU project. To be +granted an exception, a contributor will need to demonstrate clarity of +the license and copyright status for the tool's output in relation to its +training model and code, to the satisfaction of the project maintainers. =20 +Maintainers are not allow to grant an exception on their own patch +submissions. =20 Examples of tools impacted by this policy includes GitHub's CoPilot, OpenA= I's ChatGPT, Anthropic's Claude, and Meta's Code Llama, and code/content generation agents which are built on top of such tools. - This policy may evolve as AI tools mature and the legal situation is -clarifed. In the meanwhile, requests for exceptions to this policy will be -evaluated by the QEMU project on a case by case basis. 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Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:30 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IG1q2r8mkc5IUdSiS6stXeaLnmGHcIJ2njvM/yCmU7hetYiC6Dme2Zvqcp1ilFyUfoaDtgF/A== X-Received: by 2002:a05:6000:1889:b0:3ea:4b52:af6f with SMTP id ffacd0b85a97d-3ee7c55296bmr8888722f8f.9.1758540750150; Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:30 -0700 (PDT) From: Paolo Bonzini To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Cc: =?UTF-8?q?Alex=20Benn=C3=A9e?= , =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20P=20=2E=20Berrang=C3=A9?= , Markus Armbruster , Peter Maydell , Stefan Hajnoczi Subject: [RFC PATCH 3/4] docs/code-provenance: clarify the scope of AI exceptions Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 13:32:18 +0200 Message-ID: <20250922113219.32122-4-pbonzini@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.0 In-Reply-To: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> References: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.133.124; envelope-from=pbonzini@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -24 X-Spam_score: -2.5 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.442, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H5=0.001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_CERTIFIED_BLOCKED=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_RPBL_BLOCKED=0.001, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @redhat.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1758540791635116601 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Using phrasing from https://openinfra.org/legal/ai-policy (with just "commit" replaced by "submission", because we do not submit changes as commits but rather emails), clarify that the maintainer who bestows their blessing on the AI-generated contribution is not responsible for its copyright or license status beyond what is required by the Developer's Certificate of Origin. [This is not my preferred phrasing. I would prefer something lighter like "the "Signed-off-by" label in the contribution gives the author responsibility". But for the sake of not reinventing the wheel I am keeping the exact works from the OpenInfra policy.] Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini --- docs/devel/code-provenance.rst | 5 +++++ 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst index d435ab145cf..a5838f63649 100644 --- a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst +++ b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst @@ -334,6 +334,11 @@ training model and code, to the satisfaction of the pr= oject maintainers. Maintainers are not allow to grant an exception on their own patch submissions. =20 +Even after an exception is granted, the "Signed-off-by" label in the +contribution is a statement that the author takes responsibility for the +entire contents of the submission, including any parts that were generated +or assisted by AI tools or other tools. + Examples of tools impacted by this policy includes GitHub's CoPilot, OpenA= I's ChatGPT, Anthropic's Claude, and Meta's Code Llama, and code/content generation agents which are built on top of such tools. --=20 2.51.0 From nobody Sun Sep 28 15:26:55 2025 Delivered-To: importer@patchew.org Authentication-Results: mx.zohomail.com; dkim=pass; spf=pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; dmarc=pass(p=quarantine dis=none) header.from=redhat.com ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1758540796; cv=none; d=zohomail.com; s=zohoarc; b=DmMf1qUYCCFJ8m64LojCrSjuxxOV2TrYw5mjqFa9Avm+nRKKeFer7YPF9z6vWzQOQmNsikYf0YNefEkrHIRCkEf85adHs4X02Vl84GSpt7dWFcHQKuFV98eG0o0lrhpHR59I6Xn+d+TMqmEBbrZiaZ4cFKJlxuOs9PMGK5wb58I= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; 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Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:33 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IEi17/in/5G0gZol21kyOHEaafc9QQG6REn40VOx75k5tCgBGk5jQS3l5BfyYqQmU1HUgw8JQ== X-Received: by 2002:a05:600c:a02:b0:459:d645:bff7 with SMTP id 5b1f17b1804b1-467e7f7d5bamr124392715e9.12.1758540753071; Mon, 22 Sep 2025 04:32:33 -0700 (PDT) From: Paolo Bonzini To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Cc: =?UTF-8?q?Alex=20Benn=C3=A9e?= , =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20P=20=2E=20Berrang=C3=A9?= , Markus Armbruster , Peter Maydell , Stefan Hajnoczi Subject: [RFC PATCH 4/4] docs/code-provenance: make the exception process feasible Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 13:32:19 +0200 Message-ID: <20250922113219.32122-5-pbonzini@redhat.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.0 In-Reply-To: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> References: <20250922113219.32122-1-pbonzini@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Received-SPF: pass (zohomail.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.129.124; envelope-from=pbonzini@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -24 X-Spam_score: -2.5 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.5 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.442, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H4=0.001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_CERTIFIED_BLOCKED=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_RPBL_BLOCKED=0.001, SPF_HELO_PASS=-0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org X-ZohoMail-DKIM: pass (identity @redhat.com) X-ZM-MESSAGEID: 1758540797626116600 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" I do not think that anyone knows how to demonstrate "clarity of the copyright status in relation to training". This makes the exception process for AI-generated code both impossible to use, and useless as a way to inform future changes to QEMU's code provenance policies. On the other hand, AI tools can be used as a natural language refactoring engine for simple tasks such as modifying all callers of a given function or even less simple ones such as adding Python type annotations. These tasks have a very low risk of introducing training material in the code base, and can provide noticeable time savings because they are easily tested and reviewed; for the lack of a better term, I will call these "tasks with limited or non-existing creative content". Allow requesting an exception on the grounds of lack of creative content, while keeping it clear that maintainers can deny it. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini --- docs/devel/code-provenance.rst | 14 +++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst index a5838f63649..bfc659d2b4e 100644 --- a/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst +++ b/docs/devel/code-provenance.rst @@ -327,9 +327,17 @@ The QEMU project requires contributors to refrain from= using AI content generators without going through an exception request process. AI-generated code will only be included in the project after the exception request has been evaluated by the QEMU project. To be -granted an exception, a contributor will need to demonstrate clarity of -the license and copyright status for the tool's output in relation to its -training model and code, to the satisfaction of the project maintainers. +granted an exception, a contributor will need to demonstrate one of the +following, to the satisfaction of the project maintainers: + +* clarity of the license and copyright status for the tool's output in + relation to its training model and code; + +* limited or non-existing creative content of the contribution. + +It is highly encouraged to provide background information such as the +prompts that were used, and to not mix AI- and human-written code in the +same commit, as much as possible. =20 Maintainers are not allow to grant an exception on their own patch submissions. --=20 2.51.0