Series comparison

This patch series add a new extension - zoned format - to the
qcow2 driver thereby allowing full zoned storage emulation on
the qcow2 img file. Users can attach such a qcow2 file to the
guest as a zoned device.

Write pointer are preserved in the zoned metadata. It will be
recovered after power cycle. Meanwhile, any open (implicit or
explicit) zone will show up as closed.

Zone states are in memory. Read-only and offline states are
device-internal events, which are not considerred in qcow2
emulation for simplicity. The other zone states
(closed, empty, full) can be inferred from write poiner
values, presistent across QEMU reboots. The open states are
kept in memory using open zone lists.

To create a qcow2 file with zoned format, use command like this:
$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 -o size=768M -o
zone_size=64M -o zone_capacity=64M -o nr_conv_zones=0 -o
max_append_sectors=512 -o max_open_zones=0 -o max_active_zones=0
-o zone_model=1

Then add it to the QEMU command line:
    -blockdev node-name=drive1,driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=../qemu/test.qcow2 \
    -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive1 \

v3->v4:
- use QLIST for implicit, explicit open zones management [Stefan]
- keep zone states in memory and drop state bits in wp metadata structure [Damien, Stefan]
- change zone resource management and iotests accordingly
- add tracing for number of implicit zones
- address review comments [Stefan, Markus]:
  * documentation, config, style

v2->v3:
- drop zoned_profile option [Klaus]
- reformat doc comments of qcow2 [Markus]
- add input validation and checks for zoned information [Stefan]
- code style: format, comments, documentation, naming [Stefan]
- add tracing function for wp tracking [Stefan]
- reconstruct io path in check_zone_resources [Stefan]

v1->v2:
- add more tests to qemu-io zoned commands
- make zone append change state to full when wp reaches end
- add documentation to qcow2 zoned extension header
- address review comments (Stefan):
  * fix zoned_mata allocation size
  * use bitwise or than addition
  * fix wp index overflow and locking
  * cleanups: comments, naming

Sam Li (4):
  docs/qcow2: add the zoned format feature
  qcow2: add configurations for zoned format extension
  qcow2: add zoned emulation capability
  iotests: test the zoned format feature for qcow2 file

block/qcow2.c                            | 893 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 block/qcow2.h                            |  30 +
 block/trace-events                       |   2 +
 docs/interop/qcow2.txt                   |  42 ++
 docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc   |  33 +
 include/block/block_int-common.h         |  13 +
 qapi/block-core.json                     |  30 +-
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2     | 129 ++++
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out | 133 ++++
 9 files changed, 1302 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
 create mode 100644 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out

-- 
2.40.1

Add the specs for the zoned format feature of the qcow2 driver.
The qcow2 file can be taken as zoned device and passed through by
virtio-blk device or NVMe ZNS device to the guest given zoned
information.

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
---
 docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc b/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc
+++ b/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ This section describes each format and the options that are supported for it.
     filename`` to check if the NOCOW flag is set or not (Capital 'C' is
     NOCOW flag).
 
+  .. option:: zoned
+    1 for host-managed zoned device and 0 for a non-zoned device.
+
+  .. option:: zone_size
+
+    The size of a zone in bytes. The device is divided into zones of this
+    size with the exception of the last zone, which may be smaller.
+
+  .. option:: zone_capacity
+
+    The initial capacity value, in bytes, for all zones. The capacity must
+    be less than or equal to zone size. If the last zone is smaller, then
+    its capacity is capped.
+
+    The zone capacity is per zone and may be different between zones in real
+    devices. For simplicity, QCow2 sets all zones to the same capacity.
+
+  .. option:: zone_nr_conv
+
+    The number of conventional zones of the zoned device.
+
+  .. option:: max_open_zones
+
+    The maximal allowed open zones.
+
+  .. option:: max_active_zones
+
+    The limit of the zones with implicit open, explicit open or closed state.
+
+  .. option:: max_append_sectors
+
+    The maximal number of 512-byte sectors in a zone append request.
+
 .. program:: image-formats
 .. option:: qed
 
-- 
2.40.1

To configure the zoned format feature on the qcow2 driver, it
requires settings as: the device size, zone model, zone size,
zone capacity, number of conventional zones, limits on zone
resources (max append sectors, max open zones, and max_active_zones).

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
---
 block/qcow2.c                    | 186 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 block/qcow2.h                    |  28 +++++
 docs/interop/qcow2.txt           |  36 ++++++
 include/block/block_int-common.h |  13 +++
 qapi/block-core.json             |  30 ++++-
 5 files changed, 291 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

By adding zone operations and zoned metadata, the zoned emulation
capability enables full emulation support of zoned device using
a qcow2 file. The zoned device metadata includes zone type,
zoned device state and write pointer of each zone, which is stored
to an array of unsigned integers.

Each zone of a zoned device makes state transitions following
the zone state machine. The zone state machine mainly describes
five states, IMPLICIT OPEN, EXPLICIT OPEN, FULL, EMPTY and CLOSED.
READ ONLY and OFFLINE states will generally be affected by device
internal events. The operations on zones cause corresponding state
changing.

Zoned devices have a limit on zone resources, which puts constraints on
write operations into zones.

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
---
 block/qcow2.c          | 709 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 block/qcow2.h          |   2 +
 block/trace-events     |   2 +
 docs/interop/qcow2.txt |   6 +
 4 files changed, 717 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_extract_crypto_opts(QemuOpts *opts, const char *fmt, Error **errp)
     return cryptoopts_qdict;
 }
 
+#define QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wp)    (wp & 1ULL << 59)
+
+/*
+ * To emulate a real zoned device, closed, empty and full states are
+ * preserved after a power cycle. Open states are in-memory and will
+ * be lost after closing the device. Read-only and offline states are
+ * device-internal events, which are not considered for simplicity.
+ */
+static inline BlockZoneState qcow2_get_zs(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                         uint32_t index)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t zone_wp;
+    uint64_t zone_start;
+
+    if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(&s->wp[index], exp_open_zone_entry)) {
+        return BLK_ZS_EOPEN;
+    } else if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(&s->wp[index], imp_open_zone_entry)) {
+        return BLK_ZS_IOPEN;
+    }
+
+    zone_start = index * bs->bl.zone_size;
+    zone_wp = bs->wps->wp[index];
+    if (zone_wp == zone_start) {
+        return BLK_ZS_EMPTY;
+    } else if (zone_wp >= zone_start + bs->bl.zone_capacity) {
+        return BLK_ZS_FULL;
+    } else if (zone_wp > zone_start) {
+        return BLK_ZS_CLOSED;
+    } else {
+        return BLK_ZS_NOT_WP;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the new wp value to the dedicated location of the disk file.
+ */
+static int qcow2_write_wp_at(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *wp,
+                             uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t wpv = *wp;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset
+        + sizeof(uint64_t) * index, sizeof(uint64_t), wp, 0);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    trace_qcow2_wp_tracking(index, *wp >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
+    return ret;
+
+exit:
+    *wp = wpv;
+    error_report("Failed to write metadata with file");
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static bool qcow2_check_active_zones(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    if (!s->zoned_header.max_active_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (s->nr_zones_exp_open + s->nr_zones_imp_open + s->nr_zones_closed
+        < s->zoned_header.max_active_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool qcow2_check_open_zones(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    if (!s->zoned_header.max_open_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (s->nr_zones_exp_open + s->nr_zones_imp_open
+        < s->zoned_header.max_open_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if(s->nr_zones_imp_open && qcow2_check_active_zones(bs)) {
+        /*
+         * close one implicitly open zone only when there is room left
+         * for active zones
+         */
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[0], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x23, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        s->nr_zones_closed++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The zoned device has limited zone resources of open, closed, active
+ * zones. This function manages open zones with the constraint of max
+ * active zones limit. It checks if a zone can transition to implicit open
+ * or explicit open while maintaining max open zone and max active zone
+ * limits.
+ *
+ * Implicit open state can change to closed only if there is no room of
+ * open zones. Meanwhile, it must be within the active zone limit.
+ */
+static int qcow2_check_zone_resources(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      BlockZoneState zs)
+{
+    switch (zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        if (!qcow2_check_active_zones(bs)) {
+            error_report("No enough active zones");
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        if (!qcow2_check_open_zones(bs)) {
+            error_report("No enough open zones");
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        /* Other states will not affect zone resources management */
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int qcow2_refresh_zonedmeta(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    int ret;
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t wps_size = s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size;
+    g_autofree uint64_t *temp = NULL;
+    temp = g_new(uint64_t, wps_size);
+    ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset,
+                     wps_size, temp, 0);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("Can not read metadata");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(bs->wps->wp, temp, wps_size);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * read qcow2 extension and fill bs
  * start reading from start_offset
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
                 be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_active_zones);
             zoned_ext.max_append_sectors =
                 be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_append_sectors);
+            zoned_ext.zonedmeta_offset =
+                be64_to_cpu(zoned_ext.zonedmeta_offset);
+            zoned_ext.zonedmeta_size = be64_to_cpu(zoned_ext.zonedmeta_size);
             s->zoned_header = zoned_ext;
+            bs->wps = g_malloc(sizeof(BlockZoneWps)
+                + s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size);
+            ret = qcow2_refresh_zonedmeta(bs);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "zonedmeta: "
+                                             "Could not update zoned meta");
+                return ret;
+            }
+            Qcow2Wp *q_wp;
+            s->wp = g_new0(Qcow2Wp, zoned_ext.nr_zones);
+            q_wp = s->wp;
+            for (int i = 0; i < zoned_ext.nr_zones; i++, q_wp++) {
+                q_wp->wp = bs->wps->wp[i];
+            }
+
+            QLIST_INIT(&s->exp_open_zones);
+            QLIST_INIT(&s->imp_open_zones);
+            qemu_co_mutex_init(&bs->wps->colock);
 
             /* refuse to open broken images */
             if (zoned_ext.zone_size == 0) {
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_pwritev_part(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
     uint64_t host_offset;
     QCowL2Meta *l2meta = NULL;
     AioTaskPool *aio = NULL;
+    int64_t start_offset, start_bytes;
+    BlockZoneState zs;
+    int64_t end;
+    uint64_t *wp;
+    int64_t zone_size = bs->bl.zone_size;
+    int index;
 
     trace_qcow2_writev_start_req(qemu_coroutine_self(), offset, bytes);
 
+    start_offset = offset;
+    start_bytes = bytes;
+    if (bs->bl.zoned == BLK_Z_HM) {
+        /*
+         * The offset should not less than the wp of that zone where
+         * offset starts.
+         */
+        index = start_offset / zone_size;
+        wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+        if (offset < *wp) {
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        /* Only allow writes when there are zone resources left */
+        zs = qcow2_get_zs(bs, index);
+        if (zs == BLK_ZS_CLOSED || zs == BLK_ZS_EMPTY) {
+            if (qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, zs) < 0) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     while (bytes != 0 && aio_task_pool_status(aio) == 0) {
 
         l2meta = NULL;
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_pwritev_part(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
         qiov_offset += cur_bytes;
         trace_qcow2_writev_done_part(qemu_coroutine_self(), cur_bytes);
     }
+
+    if (bs->bl.zoned == BLK_Z_HM) {
+        index = start_offset / zone_size;
+        wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+        zs = qcow2_get_zs(bs, index);
+        uint64_t wpv = *wp;
+        if (!QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wpv)) {
+            /* align up (start_offset, zone_size), the start offset is not
+             * necessarily power of two. */
+            end = ((start_offset + zone_size) / zone_size) * zone_size;
+            if (start_offset + start_bytes <= end) {
+                *wp = start_offset + start_bytes;
+            } else {
+                ret = -EINVAL;
+                goto fail_nometa;
+            }
+
+            ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp, index);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                goto fail_nometa;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * The zone state transitions to implicit open when the original
+             * state is empty or closed. When the wp reaches the end, the
+             * open states (explicit open, implicit open) become full.
+             */
+            if (!(*wp & (zone_size - 1))) {
+                Qcow2Wp *q_wp = &s->wp[index];
+                /* Being aligned to zone size implies full state */
+                if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(q_wp, exp_open_zone_entry)) {
+                    QLIST_REMOVE(q_wp, exp_open_zone_entry);
+                    s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+                } else if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(q_wp, imp_open_zone_entry)) {
+                    QLIST_REMOVE(q_wp, imp_open_zone_entry);
+                    s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+                    trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x24, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (zs == BLK_ZS_CLOSED || zs == BLK_ZS_EMPTY) {
+                    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->imp_open_zones, &s->wp[index],
+                                  imp_open_zone_entry);
+                    s->nr_zones_imp_open++;
+
+                    if (zs == BLK_ZS_CLOSED) {
+                        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     ret = 0;
 
     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ static int qcow2_inactivate(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return result;
 }
 
+static void qcow2_zoned_close(BDRVQcow2State *s)
+{
+    Qcow2Wp *wp, *next;
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(wp, &s->imp_open_zones, imp_open_zone_entry, next) {
+        QLIST_REMOVE(wp, imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x22, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+    }
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(wp, &s->exp_open_zones, exp_open_zone_entry, next) {
+        QLIST_REMOVE(wp, exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+    }
+
+    assert(s->nr_zones_imp_open + s->nr_zones_exp_open == 0);
+    g_free(s->wp);
+}
+
 static void qcow2_do_close(BlockDriverState *bs, bool close_data_file)
 {
     BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ static void qcow2_do_close(BlockDriverState *bs, bool close_data_file)
 
     qcow2_refcount_close(bs);
     qcow2_free_snapshots(bs);
+    qcow2_zoned_close(s);
+    g_free(bs->wps);
 }
 
 static void qcow2_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs)
             .max_active_zones   =
                 cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_active_zones),
             .max_append_sectors =
-                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_append_sectors)
+                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_append_sectors),
+            .zonedmeta_offset   = cpu_to_be64(s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset),
+            .zonedmeta_size     = cpu_to_be64(s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size)
         };
         ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_ZONED_FORMAT,
                              &zoned_header, sizeof(zoned_header),
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
     int version;
     int refcount_order;
     uint64_t *refcount_table;
-    int ret;
+    uint64_t zoned_meta_size, zoned_clusterlen;
+    int ret, offset, i;
     uint8_t compression_type = QCOW2_COMPRESSION_TYPE_ZLIB;
 
     assert(create_options->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_QCOW2);
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
             }
         }
         s->zoned_header.max_append_sectors = qcow2_opts->max_append_sectors;
+
+        uint32_t nrz = s->zoned_header.nr_zones;
+        zoned_meta_size =  sizeof(uint64_t) * nrz;
+        g_autofree uint64_t *meta = NULL;
+        meta = g_new0(uint64_t, nrz);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < s->zoned_header.nr_conv_zones; ++i) {
+            meta[i] = i * s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+            meta[i] |= 1ULL << 59;
+        }
+
+        for (; i < nrz; ++i) {
+            meta[i] = i * s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+        }
+
+        offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(blk_bs(blk), zoned_meta_size);
+        if (offset < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -offset, "Could not allocate clusters "
+                                            "for zoned metadata size");
+            goto out;
+        }
+        s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset = offset;
+        s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size = zoned_meta_size;
+
+        zoned_clusterlen = size_to_clusters(s, zoned_meta_size)
+                * s->cluster_size;
+        assert(qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, offset,
+                                             zoned_clusterlen,false) == 0);
+        ret = bdrv_pwrite_zeroes(blk_bs(blk)->file, offset,
+                                 zoned_clusterlen, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not zero fill zoned metadata");
+            goto out;
+        }
+        ret = bdrv_pwrite(blk_bs(blk)->file, offset, zoned_meta_size, meta, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write zoned metadata "
+                                         "to disk");
+            goto out;
+        }
     } else {
         s->zoned_header.zoned = BLK_Z_NONE;
     }
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ static coroutine_fn int qcow2_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs,
     return ret;
 }
 
+static int coroutine_fn
+qcow2_co_zone_report(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
+                     unsigned int *nr_zones, BlockZoneDescriptor *zones)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t zone_size = s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    int64_t capacity = bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    int64_t size = bs->bl.nr_zones * zone_size;
+    unsigned int nrz = *nr_zones;
+    int i = 0;
+    int si;
+
+    if (offset >= capacity) {
+        error_report("offset %" PRId64 " is equal to or greater than the"
+                     "device capacity %" PRId64 "", offset, capacity);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (nrz > bs->bl.nr_zones) {
+        error_report("nr_zones %" PRId32 " should not exceed the device zones"
+                     "%" PRId32 "", nrz, bs->bl.nr_zones);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (zone_size > 0) {
+        si = offset / zone_size;
+        qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+        for (; i < nrz; ++i) {
+            if (i + si >= bs->bl.nr_zones) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            zones[i].start = (si + i) * zone_size;
+
+            /* The last zone can be smaller than the zone size */
+            if ((si + i + 1) == bs->bl.nr_zones && size > capacity) {
+                uint32_t l = zone_size - (size - capacity);
+                zones[i].length = l;
+                zones[i].cap = l;
+            } else {
+                zones[i].length = zone_size;
+                zones[i].cap = zone_size;
+            }
+
+            uint64_t wp = bs->wps->wp[si + i];
+            if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wp)) {
+                zones[i].type = BLK_ZT_CONV;
+                zones[i].state = BLK_ZS_NOT_WP;
+                /* Clear the zone type bit */
+                wp &= ~(1ULL << 59);
+            } else {
+                zones[i].type = BLK_ZT_SWR;
+                zones[i].state = qcow2_get_zs(bs, si + i);
+            }
+            zones[i].wp = wp;
+        }
+        qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    }
+    *nr_zones = i;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_open_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t *wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+    BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zs(bs, index);
+
+    switch(zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_EMPTY);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_OPEN, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+        return 0;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_CLOSED);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+        break;
+    default:
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+
+    ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp, index);
+    if (!ret) {
+        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->exp_open_zones, &s->wp[index],
+                          exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open++;
+    }
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_close_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zs(bs, index);
+
+    switch(zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_CLOSE, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index], exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_CLOSED);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+        break;
+    default:
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+
+    if (qcow2_get_zs(bs, index) == BLK_ZS_CLOSED) {
+        s->nr_zones_closed++;
+    }
+    ret = 0;
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_finish_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t *wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+    BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zs(bs, index);
+
+    switch(zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_EMPTY);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_FINISH, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index], exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_CLOSED);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+        ret = 0;
+        goto unlock;
+    default:
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+
+    *wp = ((uint64_t)index + 1) * s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp, index);
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_reset_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index,
+                            int64_t len) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int nrz = bs->bl.nr_zones;
+    int zone_size = bs->bl.zone_size;
+    int n, ret = 0;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t *wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+    if (len == bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
+        n = nrz;
+        index = 0;
+    } else {
+        n = len / zone_size;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        uint64_t *wp_i = (uint64_t *)(wp + i);
+        uint64_t wpi_v = *wp_i;
+        if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wpi_v)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zs(bs, index + i);
+        switch (zs) {
+        case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+            QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index + i], imp_open_zone_entry);
+            s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+            trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_RESET, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+            QLIST_REMOVE(&s->wp[index + i], exp_open_zone_entry);
+            s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+            s->nr_zones_closed--;
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+            break;
+        default:
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+
+        if (zs == BLK_ZS_EMPTY) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        *wp_i = ((uint64_t)index + i) * zone_size;
+        ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp_i, index + i);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        /* clear data */
+        ret = qcow2_co_pwrite_zeroes(bs, *wp_i, zone_size, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("Failed to reset zone at 0x%" PRIx64 "", *wp_i);
+        }
+    }
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn qcow2_co_zone_mgmt(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockZoneOp op,
+                                           int64_t offset, int64_t len)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret = 0;
+    int64_t capacity = bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    int64_t zone_size = s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    int64_t zone_size_mask = zone_size - 1;
+    uint32_t index = offset / zone_size;
+    BlockZoneWps *wps = bs->wps;
+
+    if (offset >= capacity) {
+        error_report("offset %" PRId64 " is equal to or greater than the"
+                     "device capacity %" PRId64 "", offset, capacity);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (offset & zone_size_mask) {
+        error_report("sector offset %" PRId64 " is not aligned to zone size"
+                     " %" PRId64 "", offset / 512, zone_size / 512);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (((offset + len) < capacity && len & zone_size_mask) ||
+        offset + len > capacity) {
+        error_report("number of sectors %" PRId64 " is not aligned to zone"
+                     " size %" PRId64 "", len / 512, zone_size / 512);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&wps->colock);
+    uint64_t wpv = wps->wp[index];
+    if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wpv) && len != capacity) {
+        error_report("zone mgmt operations are not allowed for "
+                     "conventional zones");
+        ret = -EIO;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&wps->colock);
+
+    switch(op) {
+    case BLK_ZO_OPEN:
+        ret = qcow2_open_zone(bs, index);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZO_CLOSE:
+        ret = qcow2_close_zone(bs, index);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZO_FINISH:
+        ret = qcow2_finish_zone(bs, index);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZO_RESET:
+        ret = qcow2_reset_zone(bs, index, len);
+        break;
+    default:
+        error_report("Unsupported zone op: 0x%x", op);
+        ret = -ENOTSUP;
+        break;
+    }
+    return ret;
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn
+qcow2_co_zone_append(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t *offset, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+                     BdrvRequestFlags flags)
+{
+    assert(flags == 0);
+    int64_t capacity = bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    uint32_t index;
+    int ret;
+    int64_t zone_size_mask = bs->bl.zone_size - 1;
+    int64_t iov_len = 0;
+    int64_t len = 0;
+
+    if (*offset >= capacity) {
+        error_report("*offset %" PRId64 " is equal to or greater than the"
+                     "device capacity %" PRId64 "", *offset, capacity);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    /* offset + len should not pass the end of that zone starting from offset */
+    if (*offset & zone_size_mask) {
+        error_report("sector offset %" PRId64 " is not aligned to zone size "
+                     "%" PRId32 "", *offset / 512, bs->bl.zone_size / 512);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    int64_t wg = bs->bl.write_granularity;
+    int64_t wg_mask = wg - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < qiov->niov; i++) {
+        iov_len = qiov->iov[i].iov_len;
+        if (iov_len & wg_mask) {
+            error_report("len of IOVector[%d] %" PRId64 " is not aligned to "
+                         "block size %" PRId64 "", i, iov_len, wg);
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+    }
+    len = qiov->size;
+    index = *offset / bs->bl.zone_size;
+
+    if ((len >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) > bs->bl.max_append_sectors) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t wp_i = bs->wps->wp[index];
+    ret = qcow2_co_pwritev_part(bs, wp_i, len, qiov, 0, 0);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        *offset = wp_i;
+    } else {
+        error_report("qcow2: zap failed");
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 qcow2_co_copy_range_from(BlockDriverState *bs,
                          BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2 = {
     .bdrv_co_pwritev_part   = qcow2_co_pwritev_part,
     .bdrv_co_flush_to_os    = qcow2_co_flush_to_os,
 
+    .bdrv_co_zone_report    = qcow2_co_zone_report,
+    .bdrv_co_zone_mgmt    = qcow2_co_zone_mgmt,
+    .bdrv_co_zone_append    = qcow2_co_zone_append,
+
     .bdrv_co_pwrite_zeroes  = qcow2_co_pwrite_zeroes,
     .bdrv_co_pdiscard       = qcow2_co_pdiscard,
     .bdrv_co_copy_range_from = qcow2_co_copy_range_from,
diff --git a/block/qcow2.h b/block/qcow2.h
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.h
+++ b/block/qcow2.h
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ typedef struct Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension {
     uint32_t max_active_zones;
     uint32_t max_open_zones;
     uint32_t max_append_sectors;
+    uint64_t zonedmeta_offset;
+    uint64_t zonedmeta_size;
 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension;
 
 typedef struct Qcow2Wp {
diff --git a/block/trace-events b/block/trace-events
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/trace-events
+++ b/block/trace-events
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_writev_data(void *co, uint64_t offset) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64
 qcow2_pwrite_zeroes_start_req(void *co, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " bytes %" PRId64
 qcow2_pwrite_zeroes(void *co, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " bytes %" PRId64
 qcow2_skip_cow(void *co, uint64_t offset, int nb_clusters) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " nb_clusters %d"
+qcow2_wp_tracking(int index, uint64_t wp) "wps[%d]: 0x%" PRIx64
+qcow2_imp_open_zones(uint8_t op, int nrz) "nr_imp_open_zones after op 0x%x: %d"
 
 # qcow2-cluster.c
 qcow2_alloc_clusters_offset(void *co, uint64_t offset, int bytes) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " bytes %d"
diff --git a/docs/interop/qcow2.txt b/docs/interop/qcow2.txt
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/docs/interop/qcow2.txt
+++ b/docs/interop/qcow2.txt
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ The fields of the zoned extension are:
                     The maximal number of 512-byte sectors of a zone
                     append request that can be issued to the device.
 
+          36 - 43:  zonedmeta_offset
+                    The offset of zoned metadata structure in the file in bytes.
+
+          44 - 51:  zonedmeta_size
+                    The size of zoned metadata in bytes.
+
 == Full disk encryption header pointer ==
 
 The full disk encryption header must be present if, and only if, the
-- 
2.40.1

The zoned format feature can be tested by:
$ tests/qemu-iotests/check -qcow2 zoned-qcow2

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
---
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2     | 129 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out | 133 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 262 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
 create mode 100644 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2 b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
new file mode 100755
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Test zone management operations for qcow2 file.
+#
+
+seq="$(basename $0)"
+echo "QA output created by $seq"
+status=1 # failure is the default!
+
+file_name="zbc.qcow2"
+_cleanup()
+{
+  _cleanup_test_img
+  _rm_test_img "$file_name"
+}
+trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
+
+# get standard environment, filters and checks
+. ../common.rc
+. ../common.filter
+. ../common.qemu
+
+# This test only runs on Linux hosts with qcow2 image files.
+_supported_fmt qcow2
+_supported_proto file
+_supported_os Linux
+
+echo
+echo "=== Initial image setup ==="
+echo
+
+$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 $file_name -o size=768M -o zone_size=64M \
+-o zone_capacity=64M -o nr_conv_zones=0 -o max_append_sectors=131072 \
+-o max_open_zones=0 -o max_active_zones=0 -o zone_model=1
+
+IMG="--image-opts -n driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=$file_name"
+QEMU_IO_OPTIONS=$QEMU_IO_OPTIONS_NO_FMT
+
+echo
+echo "=== Testing a qcow2 img with zoned format ==="
+echo
+echo "case 1: test persistent zone states"
+
+echo "(1) report zones[0]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo
+echo "report zones[0~9]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 10"
+echo
+echo "report the last zone:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x2C000000 2" # 0x2C000000 / 512 = 0x160000
+echo
+echo
+echo "(2) finish zones[0]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zf 0 0x4000000" # 0x4000000 / 512 = 0x20000
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo
+echo "finish zones[1]"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zf 64M 64M"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x4000000 1"
+echo
+echo "finish the last zone"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zf 0x2C000000 0x4000000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x2C000000 2"
+echo
+echo
+echo "(3) reset zones[0]: full => empty"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0 0x4000000" # 0x4000000 / 512 = 0x20000
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo
+echo "reset zones[1]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0x4000000 0x4000000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x4000000 1"
+echo
+echo "reset the last zone"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0x2C000000 0x4000000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x2C000000 2"
+echo
+echo
+echo "(4) append write with (4k, 8k) data" # the physical block size of the device is 4096
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 12"
+echo "Append write zones[0] one time:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0 0x1000 0x2000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo
+echo "Append write zones[0] twice:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0 0x1000 0x2000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo
+echo "Append write zones[1] one time:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0x4000000 0x1000 0x2000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x4000000 1"
+echo
+echo "Append write zones[1] twice:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0x4000000 0x1000 0x2000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x4000000 1"
+echo
+echo "Reset all:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0 768M"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 12"
+echo
+echo
+echo "case 2: test a sets of ops that works or not"
+
+echo "(1) append write (4k, 4k) and then write to full"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0 0x1000 0x1000"
+echo "wrote (4k, 4k):"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0 0x1000 0x3ffd000"
+echo "wrote to full:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo "Reset zones[0]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0 64M"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+
+echo "(2) write in zones[0], zones[3], zones[8], and then reset all"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0 0x1000 0x1000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0xc000000 0x1000 0x1000"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zap -p 0x20000000 0x1000 0x1000"
+echo "wrote three zones:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 12"
+echo "Reset all:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0 768M"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 12"
+
+# success, all done
+echo "*** done"
+rm -f $seq.full
+status=0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out
new file mode 100644
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
+QA output created by zoned-qcow2
+
+=== Initial image setup ===
+
+Formatting 'zbc.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib zone_model=1 zone_size=67108864 zone_capacity=67108864 nr_conv_zones=0 max_append_sectors=131072 max_active_zones=0 max_open_zones=0 size=805306368 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+
+=== Testing a qcow2 img with zoned format ===
+
+case 1: test persistent zone states
+(1) report zones[0]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+report zones[0~9]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+report the last zone:
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+
+(2) finish zones[0]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+
+finish zones[1]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+
+finish the last zone
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x180000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+
+
+(3) reset zones[0]: full => empty
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+reset zones[1]:
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+reset the last zone
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+
+(4) append write with (4k, 8k) data
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+Append write zones[0] one time:
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x0
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x18, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+
+Append write zones[0] twice:
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x18
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x30, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+
+Append write zones[1] one time:
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x20000
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20018, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+
+Append write zones[1] twice:
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x20018
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20030, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+
+Reset all:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+
+case 2: test a sets of ops that works or not
+(1) append write (4k, 4k) and then write to full
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x0
+wrote (4k, 4k):
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x10, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x10
+wrote to full:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+Reset zones[0]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+(2) write in zones[0], zones[3], zones[8], and then reset all
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x0
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x60000
+After zap done, the append sector is 0x100000
+wrote three zones:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x10, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60010, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100010, zcond:4, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+Reset all:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+*** done
-- 
2.40.1

Write pointer are preserved in the zoned metadata. It will be
recovered after power cycle. Meanwhile, any open (implicit or
explicit) zone will show up as closed.

Zoned extension feature is optional. We only set it to host-manged 
when emulating a zoned device. For non-zoned devices, it does not 
need to consider setting this option.

To create a qcow2 image with zoned format feature, use command like
this:
$path/to/qemu-img create -f qcow2 zbc.qcow2 -o size=768M
-o zone.size=64M -o zone.capacity=64M -o zone.conventional_zones=0
-o zone.max_append_bytes=4096 -o zone.max_open_zones=10
-o zone.max_active_zones=12 -o zone.mode=host-managed

Then add it to the QEMU command line:
    -blockdev node-name=drive1,driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=../qemu/test.qcow2 \
    -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive1 \

v5->v6:
- fix docs and specs [Eric, Markus, Stefan]
- add general sanity checks for zoned device configurations while creation and opening [Eric]
- fix LRU when implicitly open a zone for a long time [Stefan]

v4->v5:
- add incompatible bit for zoned format [Eric]
- fix and manage zone resources via LRU [Damien]
- renaming functions and fields, spec changes [Markus, Damien]
- add closed zone list
- make qemu iotests for zoned device consecutive [Stefan]

block/qcow2.c                            | 972 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 block/qcow2.h                            |  36 +-
 block/trace-events                       |   2 +
 docs/interop/qcow2.txt                   |  99 ++-
 docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc   |  35 +
 include/block/block_int-common.h         |  13 +
 include/qemu/queue.h                     |   1 +
 qapi/block-core.json                     |  63 +-
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2     | 126 +++
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out | 118 +++
 10 files changed, 1460 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
 create mode 100644 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out

-- 
2.40.1

Add the specs for the zoned format feature of the qcow2 driver.
The qcow2 file then can emulate real zoned devices, either passed
through by virtio-blk device or NVMe ZNS drive to the guest
given zoned information.

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
---
 docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 35 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc b/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc
+++ b/docs/system/qemu-block-drivers.rst.inc
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ This section describes each format and the options that are supported for it.
     filename`` to check if the NOCOW flag is set or not (Capital 'C' is
     NOCOW flag).
 
+  .. option:: zone.mode
+    If this is set to ``host-managed``, the image is an emulated zoned
+    block device. This option is only valid to emulated zoned device files.
+
+  .. option:: zone.size
+
+    The size of a zone in bytes. The device is divided into zones of this
+    size with the exception of the last zone, which may be smaller.
+
+  .. option:: zone.capacity
+
+    The initial capacity value, in bytes, for all zones. The capacity must
+    be less than or equal to zone size. If the last zone is smaller, then
+    its capacity is capped.
+
+    The zone capacity is per zone and may be different between zones in real
+    devices. QCow2 sets all zones to the same capacity.
+
+  .. option:: zone.conventional_zones
+
+    The number of conventional zones of the zoned device.
+
+  .. option:: zone.max_open_zones
+
+    The maximal allowed open zones.
+
+  .. option:: zone.max_active_zones
+
+    The limit of the zones with implicit open, explicit open or closed state.
+
+  .. option:: zone.max_append_bytes
+
+    The number of bytes in a zone append request that can be issued to the
+    device. It must be 512-byte aligned.
+
 .. program:: image-formats
 .. option:: qed
 
-- 
2.40.1

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
---
 block/qcow2.c                    | 233 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 block/qcow2.h                    |  36 ++++-
 docs/interop/qcow2.txt           |  99 ++++++++++++-
 include/block/block_int-common.h |  13 ++
 qapi/block-core.json             |  63 ++++++++-
 5 files changed, 440 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ typedef struct {
 #define  QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_CRYPTO_HEADER 0x0537be77
 #define  QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_BITMAPS 0x23852875
 #define  QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_DATA_FILE 0x44415441
+#define  QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_ZONED_FORMAT 0x007a6264
 
 static int coroutine_fn
 qcow2_co_preadv_compressed(BlockDriverState *bs,
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_extract_crypto_opts(QemuOpts *opts, const char *fmt, Error **errp)
     return cryptoopts_qdict;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Passing by the zoned device configurations by a zoned_header struct, check
+ * if the zone device options are under constraints. Return false when some
+ * option is invalid
+ */
+static inline bool
+qcow2_check_zone_options(Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension *zone_opt)
+{
+    if (zone_opt) {
+        if (zone_opt->zone_size == 0) {
+            error_report("Zoned extension header zone_size field "
+                         "can not be 0");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (zone_opt->zone_capacity > zone_opt->zone_size) {
+            error_report("zone capacity %" PRIu32 "B exceeds zone size "
+                         "%" PRIu32"B", zone_opt->zone_capacity,
+                         zone_opt->zone_size);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (zone_opt->max_active_zones > zone_opt->nr_zones) {
+            error_report("Max_active_zones %" PRIu32 " exceeds "
+                         "nr_zones %" PRIu32". Set it to nr_zones.",
+                         zone_opt->max_active_zones, zone_opt->nr_zones);
+            zone_opt->max_active_zones = zone_opt->nr_zones;
+        }
+
+        if (zone_opt->max_open_zones > zone_opt->max_active_zones) {
+            error_report("Max_open_zones %" PRIu32 " exceeds "
+                         "max_active_zones %" PRIu32". Set it to "
+                         "max_active_zones.",
+                         zone_opt->max_open_zones,
+                         zone_opt->max_active_zones);
+            zone_opt->max_open_zones = zone_opt->max_active_zones;
+        }
+
+        if (zone_opt->max_open_zones > zone_opt->nr_zones) {
+            error_report("Max_open_zones field can not be larger "
+                         "than the number of zones. Set it to nr_zones.");
+            zone_opt->max_open_zones = zone_opt->nr_zones;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 /*
  * read qcow2 extension and fill bs
  * start reading from start_offset
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
     uint64_t offset;
     int ret;
     Qcow2BitmapHeaderExt bitmaps_ext;
+    Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension zoned_ext;
 
     if (need_update_header != NULL) {
         *need_update_header = false;
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
             break;
         }
 
+        case QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_ZONED_FORMAT:
+        {
+            if (ext.len < sizeof(zoned_ext)) {
+                /* Missing fields */
+                error_setg(errp, "zoned_ext: len=%" PRIu32 " too small "
+                           "(<%zu)", ext.len, sizeof(zoned_ext));
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+            ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, offset, ext.len, &zoned_ext, 0);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "zoned_ext: "
+                                 "Could not read ext header");
+                return ret;
+            }
+
+            zoned_ext.zone_size = be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.zone_size);
+            zoned_ext.zone_capacity = be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.zone_capacity);
+            zoned_ext.conventional_zones =
+                be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.conventional_zones);
+            zoned_ext.nr_zones = be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.nr_zones);
+            zoned_ext.max_open_zones = be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_open_zones);
+            zoned_ext.max_active_zones =
+                be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_active_zones);
+            zoned_ext.max_append_bytes =
+                be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_append_bytes);
+            s->zoned_header = zoned_ext;
+
+            /* refuse to open broken images */
+            if (zoned_ext.nr_zones != DIV_ROUND_UP(bs->total_sectors *
+                BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, zoned_ext.zone_size)) {
+                error_setg(errp, "Zoned extension header nr_zones field "
+                           "is wrong");
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+            if (!qcow2_check_zone_options(&zoned_ext)) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_EXT
+            printf("Qcow2: Got zoned format extension: "
+                   "offset=%" PRIu32 "\n", offset);
+#endif
+            break;
+        }
+
         default:
             /* unknown magic - save it in case we need to rewrite the header */
             /* If you add a new feature, make sure to also update the fast
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ static void qcow2_refresh_limits(BlockDriverState *bs, Error **errp)
     }
     bs->bl.pwrite_zeroes_alignment = s->subcluster_size;
     bs->bl.pdiscard_alignment = s->cluster_size;
+    bs->bl.zoned = s->zoned_header.zoned;
+    bs->bl.nr_zones = s->zoned_header.nr_zones;
+    bs->bl.max_append_sectors = s->zoned_header.max_append_bytes
+        >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    bs->bl.max_active_zones = s->zoned_header.max_active_zones;
+    bs->bl.max_open_zones = s->zoned_header.max_open_zones;
+    bs->bl.zone_size = s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    bs->bl.zone_capacity = s->zoned_header.zone_capacity;
+    bs->bl.write_granularity = BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
 }
 
 static int GRAPH_UNLOCKED
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs)
                 .bit  = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_EXTL2_BITNR,
                 .name = "extended L2 entries",
             },
+            {
+                .type = QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_INCOMPATIBLE,
+                .bit  = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_ZONED_FORMAT_BITNR,
+                .name = "zoned format",
+            },
             {
                 .type = QCOW2_FEAT_TYPE_COMPATIBLE,
                 .bit  = QCOW2_COMPAT_LAZY_REFCOUNTS_BITNR,
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs)
         buflen -= ret;
     }
 
+    /* Zoned devices header extension */
+    if (s->zoned_header.zoned == BLK_Z_HM) {
+        Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension zoned_header = {
+            .zoned              = s->zoned_header.zoned,
+            .zone_size          = cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.zone_size),
+            .zone_capacity      = cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.zone_capacity),
+            .conventional_zones =
+                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.conventional_zones),
+            .nr_zones           = cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.nr_zones),
+            .max_open_zones     = cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_open_zones),
+            .max_active_zones   =
+                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_active_zones),
+            .max_append_bytes =
+                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_append_bytes)
+        };
+        ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_ZONED_FORMAT,
+                             &zoned_header, sizeof(zoned_header),
+                             buflen);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        buf += ret;
+        buflen -= ret;
+    }
+
     /* Keep unknown header extensions */
     QLIST_FOREACH(uext, &s->unknown_header_ext, next) {
         ret = header_ext_add(buf, uext->magic, uext->data, uext->len, buflen);
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
 {
     BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow2 *qcow2_opts;
     QDict *options;
+    Qcow2ZoneCreateOptions *zone_struct;
+    Qcow2ZoneHostManaged *zone_host_managed;
 
     /*
      * Open the image file and write a minimal qcow2 header.
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
 
     assert(create_options->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_QCOW2);
     qcow2_opts = &create_options->u.qcow2;
+    zone_struct = create_options->u.qcow2.zone;
+    zone_host_managed = &create_options->u.qcow2.zone->u.host_managed;
 
     bs = bdrv_co_open_blockdev_ref(qcow2_opts->file, errp);
     if (bs == NULL) {
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
         header->incompatible_features |=
             cpu_to_be64(QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE);
     }
+    if (zone_struct->mode == QCOW2_ZONE_MODEL_HOST_MANAGED) {
+        /*
+         * The incompatible bit must be set when the zone model is
+         * host-managed
+         */
+        header->incompatible_features |=
+            cpu_to_be64(QCOW2_INCOMPAT_ZONED_FORMAT);
+    }
     if (qcow2_opts->data_file_raw) {
         header->autoclear_features |=
             cpu_to_be64(QCOW2_AUTOCLEAR_DATA_FILE_RAW);
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
     }
 
     /* Set the external data file if necessary */
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = blk_bs(blk)->opaque;
     if (data_bs) {
-        BDRVQcow2State *s = blk_bs(blk)->opaque;
         s->image_data_file = g_strdup(data_bs->filename);
     }
 
+    if (zone_struct->mode == QCOW2_ZONE_MODEL_HOST_MANAGED) {
+        if (!zone_host_managed->has_size) {
+            error_setg(errp, "Missing zone_size parameter");
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        s->zoned_header.zoned = BLK_Z_HM;
+        s->zoned_header.zone_size = zone_host_managed->size;
+        s->zoned_header.nr_zones = DIV_ROUND_UP(qcow2_opts->size,
+                                                zone_host_managed->size);
+        if (zone_host_managed->has_capacity) {
+            s->zoned_header.zone_capacity = zone_host_managed->capacity;
+        } else {
+            s->zoned_header.zone_capacity = zone_host_managed->size;
+        }
+
+        if (zone_host_managed->has_conventional_zones) {
+            s->zoned_header.conventional_zones =
+                zone_host_managed->conventional_zones;
+        }
+
+        if (zone_host_managed->has_max_active_zones) {
+            s->zoned_header.max_active_zones =
+                zone_host_managed->max_active_zones;
+
+            if (zone_host_managed->has_max_open_zones) {
+                s->zoned_header.max_open_zones =
+                    zone_host_managed->max_open_zones;
+            } else {
+                s->zoned_header.max_open_zones =
+                    zone_host_managed->max_active_zones;
+            }
+        }
+        s->zoned_header.max_append_bytes = zone_host_managed->max_append_bytes;
+
+        if (!qcow2_check_zone_options(&s->zoned_header)) {
+            s->zoned_header.zoned = BLK_Z_NONE;
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto out;
+        }
+    } else {
+        s->zoned_header.zoned = BLK_Z_NONE;
+    }
+
     /* Create a full header (including things like feature table) */
     ret = qcow2_update_header(blk_bs(blk));
     bdrv_graph_co_rdunlock();
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create_opts(BlockDriver *drv, const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts,
         { BLOCK_OPT_COMPAT_LEVEL,       "version" },
         { BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE_RAW,      "data-file-raw" },
         { BLOCK_OPT_COMPRESSION_TYPE,   "compression-type" },
+        { BLOCK_OPT_CONVENTIONAL_ZONES, "zone.conventional-zones" },
+        { BLOCK_OPT_MAX_OPEN_ZONES,     "zone.max-open-zones" },
+        { BLOCK_OPT_MAX_ACTIVE_ZONES,   "zone.max-active-zones" },
+        { BLOCK_OPT_MAX_APPEND_BYTES,   "zone.max-append-bytes" },
         { NULL, NULL },
     };
 
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ static QemuOptsList qcow2_create_opts = {
             .help = "Compression method used for image cluster "        \
                     "compression",                                      \
             .def_value_str = "zlib"                                     \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZONE_MODEL,                               \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,                                    \
+            .help = "zone model modes, mode choice: host-managed",      \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZONE_SIZE,                                \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,                                      \
+            .help = "zone size",                                        \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_ZONE_CAPACITY,                            \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,                                      \
+            .help = "zone capacity",                                    \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_CONVENTIONAL_ZONES,                       \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,                                    \
+            .help = "numbers of conventional zones",                    \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_MAX_APPEND_BYTES,                         \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,                                    \
+            .help = "max append bytes",                                 \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_MAX_ACTIVE_ZONES,                         \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,                                    \
+            .help = "max active zones",                                 \
+        },                                                              \
+        {                                                               \
+            .name = BLOCK_OPT_MAX_OPEN_ZONES,                           \
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,                                    \
+            .help = "max open zones",                                   \
         },
         QCOW_COMMON_OPTIONS,
         { /* end of list */ }
diff --git a/block/qcow2.h b/block/qcow2.h
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.h
+++ b/block/qcow2.h
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ typedef struct Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension {
     uint64_t length;
 } QEMU_PACKED Qcow2CryptoHeaderExtension;
 
+typedef struct Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension {
+    /* Zoned device attributes */
+    uint8_t zoned;
+    uint8_t reserved[3];
+    uint32_t zone_size;
+    uint32_t zone_capacity;
+    uint32_t conventional_zones;
+    uint32_t nr_zones;
+    uint32_t max_active_zones;
+    uint32_t max_open_zones;
+    uint32_t max_append_bytes;
+    uint64_t zonedmeta_size;
+    uint64_t zonedmeta_offset;
+} QEMU_PACKED Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension;
+
+typedef struct Qcow2ZoneListEntry {
+    QLIST_ENTRY(Qcow2ZoneListEntry) exp_open_zone_entry;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(Qcow2ZoneListEntry) imp_open_zone_entry;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(Qcow2ZoneListEntry) closed_zone_entry;
+} Qcow2ZoneListEntry;
+
 typedef struct Qcow2UnknownHeaderExtension {
     uint32_t magic;
     uint32_t len;
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ enum {
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE_BITNR  = 2,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION_BITNR = 3,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_EXTL2_BITNR      = 4,
+    QCOW2_INCOMPAT_ZONED_FORMAT_BITNR = 5,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY            = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY_BITNR,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT          = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT_BITNR,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE        = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE_BITNR,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION      = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION_BITNR,
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_EXTL2            = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_EXTL2_BITNR,
+    QCOW2_INCOMPAT_ZONED_FORMAT     = 1 << QCOW2_INCOMPAT_ZONED_FORMAT_BITNR,
 
     QCOW2_INCOMPAT_MASK             = QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DIRTY
                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_CORRUPT
                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_DATA_FILE
                                     | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION
-                                    | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_EXTL2,
+                                    | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_EXTL2
+                                    | QCOW2_INCOMPAT_ZONED_FORMAT,
 };
 
 /* Compatible feature bits */
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ typedef struct BDRVQcow2State {
      * is to convert the image with the desired compression type set.
      */
     Qcow2CompressionType compression_type;
+
+    /* States of zoned device */
+    Qcow2ZonedHeaderExtension zoned_header;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, Qcow2ZoneListEntry) exp_open_zones;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, Qcow2ZoneListEntry) imp_open_zones;
+    QLIST_HEAD(, Qcow2ZoneListEntry) closed_zones;
+    Qcow2ZoneListEntry *zone_list_entries;
+    uint32_t nr_zones_exp_open;
+    uint32_t nr_zones_imp_open;
+    uint32_t nr_zones_closed;
 } BDRVQcow2State;
 
 typedef struct Qcow2COWRegion {
diff --git a/docs/interop/qcow2.txt b/docs/interop/qcow2.txt
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/docs/interop/qcow2.txt
+++ b/docs/interop/qcow2.txt
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ the next fields through header_length.
                                 allows subcluster-based allocation. See the
                                 Extended L2 Entries section for more details.
 
-                    Bits 5-63:  Reserved (set to 0)
+                    Bit 5:      Zoned extension bit. If this bit is set then
+                                the file is an emulated zoned device. The
+                                zoned extension must be present.
+                                Implementations that do not support zoned
+                                emulation cannot open this file because it
+                                generally only make sense to interpret the
+                                data along with the zone information and
+                                write pointers.
+
+                                It is unsafe when any qcow2 user without
+                                knowing the zoned extension reads or edits
+                                a file with the zoned extension. The write
+                                pointer tracking can be corrupted when a
+                                writer edits a file, like overwriting beyond
+                                the write pointer locations. Or a reader tries
+                                to access a file without knowing write
+                                pointers where the software setup will cause
+                                invalid reads.
+
+                    Bits 6-63:  Reserved (set to 0)
 
          80 -  87:  compatible_features
                     Bitmask of compatible features. An implementation can
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ be stored. Each extension has a structure like the following:
                         0x23852875 - Bitmaps extension
                         0x0537be77 - Full disk encryption header pointer
                         0x44415441 - External data file name string
+                        0x007a6264 - Zoned extension
                         other      - Unknown header extension, can be safely
                                      ignored
 
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ The fields of the bitmaps extension are:
                    Offset into the image file at which the bitmap directory
                    starts. Must be aligned to a cluster boundary.
 
+== Zoned extension ==
+
+The zoned extension must be present if the incompatible bit is set, and
+omitted when the incompatible bit is clear. It contains fields for
+emulating the zoned storage model (https://zonedstorage.io/). When the
+zone model mode is not host-managed, it is regarded as incompatible
+and reports an error to users.
+
+The write pointers for each zone are stored in an area called zonedmeta
+clusters. It is 8 bytes per zone. The offset and size of the zonedmeta
+are kept in the zoned extension header.
+
+The fields of the zoned extension are:
+    Byte       0:  zoned
+                   The bit represents the zoned model of the device. 0 is for
+                   a non-zoned device (all other information in this header
+                   is ignored). 1 is for a host-managed device, which only
+                   allows for sequential writes within each zone. Other
+                   values may be added later, the implementation must refuse
+                   to open a device containing an unknown zone model.
+
+          1 -  3:  Reserved, must be zero.
+
+          4 -  7:  zone_size
+                   Total size of each zone, in bytes. It is less than 4GB
+                   in the qcow2 image for simplicity. The maximum zone size
+                   of real zoned devices are 2TB. If there are usages for
+                   emulating devices whose zone sizes are larger than 4G,
+                   the field needs to be sized bigger then.
+
+                   The value must be power of 2. Linux currently requires
+                   the zone size to be a power of 2 number of LBAs. Qcow2
+                   following this is mainly to allow emulating a real
+                   ZNS drive configuration. It is not relevant to the cluster
+                   size.
+
+          8 - 11:  zone_capacity
+                   The number of writable bytes within the zones. The bytes
+                   between zone capacity and zone size are unusable: reads
+                   will return 0s and writes will fail.
+
+                   A zone capacity is always smaller or equal to the zone
+                   size. It is for emulating a real ZNS drive configuration,
+                   which has the constraint of aligning to some hardware erase
+                   block size.
+
+         12 - 15:  conventional_zones
+                   The number of conventional zones. The conventional zones
+                   allow sequential writes and random writes. While the
+                   sequential zones only allow sequential writes.
+
+         16 - 19:  nr_zones
+                   The number of zones. It is the sum of conventional zones
+                   and sequential zones.
+
+         20 - 23:  max_active_zones
+                   The number of the zones that can be in the implicit open,
+                   explicit open or closed state.
+
+         24 - 27:  max_open_zones
+                   The maximal number of open (implicitly open or explicitly
+                   open) zones.
+
+         28 - 31:  max_append_bytes
+                   The number of bytes of a zone append request that can be
+                   issued to the device. It must be 512-byte aligned.
+
+         32 - 39:  zonedmeta_size
+                   The size of zoned metadata in bytes. It contains no more
+                   than 4GB. The zoned metadata structure is the write
+                   pointers for each zone whose size is the number of zones
+                   multiplied by the zone size.
+
+         40 - 47:  zonedmeta_offset
+                   The offset of zoned metadata structure in the contained
+                   image, in bytes.
+
 == Full disk encryption header pointer ==
 
 The full disk encryption header must be present if, and only if, the
diff --git a/include/block/block_int-common.h b/include/block/block_int-common.h
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int-common.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int-common.h
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
 #define BLOCK_OPT_DATA_FILE_RAW     "data_file_raw"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_COMPRESSION_TYPE  "compression_type"
 #define BLOCK_OPT_EXTL2             "extended_l2"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ZONE_MODEL        "zone.mode"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ZONE_SIZE         "zone.size"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_ZONE_CAPACITY     "zone.capacity"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_CONVENTIONAL_ZONES    "zone.conventional_zones"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_MAX_APPEND_BYTES      "zone.max_append_bytes"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_MAX_ACTIVE_ZONES      "zone.max_active_zones"
+#define BLOCK_OPT_MAX_OPEN_ZONES        "zone.max_open_zones"
 
 #define BLOCK_PROBE_BUF_SIZE        512
 
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ typedef struct BlockLimits {
     /* zone size expressed in bytes */
     uint32_t zone_size;
 
+    /*
+     * the number of usable logical blocks within the zone, expressed
+     * in bytes. A zone capacity is smaller or equal to the zone size.
+     */
+    uint32_t zone_capacity;
+
     /* total number of zones */
     uint32_t nr_zones;
 
diff --git a/qapi/block-core.json b/qapi/block-core.json
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/qapi/block-core.json
+++ b/qapi/block-core.json
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
 { 'enum': 'Qcow2CompressionType',
   'data': [ 'zlib', { 'name': 'zstd', 'if': 'CONFIG_ZSTD' } ] }
 
+##
+# @Qcow2ZoneModel:
+#
+# Zoned device model used in qcow2 image file
+#
+# @host-managed: host-managed model only allows sequential write over the
+#     device zones
+#
+# Since 8.2
+##
+{ 'enum': 'Qcow2ZoneModel',
+  'data': [ 'host-managed'] }
+
+##
+# @Qcow2ZoneHostManaged:
+#
+# The host-managed zone model.  It only allows sequential writes.
+#
+# @size: Total number of bytes within zones
+#
+# @capacity: The number of usable logical blocks within zones
+#     in bytes.  A zone capacity is always smaller or equal to the
+#     zone size
+#
+# @conventional-zones: The number of conventional zones of the
+#     zoned device
+#
+# @max-open-zones: The maximal number of open zones
+#
+# @max-active-zones: The maximal number of zones in the implicit
+#     open, explicit open or closed state
+#
+# @max-append-bytes: The maximal number of bytes of a zone
+#     append request that can be issued to the device.  It must be
+#     512-byte aligned
+#
+# Since 8.2
+##
+{ 'struct': 'Qcow2ZoneHostManaged',
+  'data': { '*size':          'size',
+            '*capacity':      'size',
+            '*conventional-zones': 'uint32',
+            '*max-open-zones':     'uint32',
+            '*max-active-zones':   'uint32',
+            '*max-append-bytes':   'uint32' } }
+
+##
+# @Qcow2ZoneCreateOptions:
+#
+# The zone device model for the qcow2 image.
+#
+# Since 8.2
+##
+{ 'union': 'Qcow2ZoneCreateOptions',
+  'base': { 'mode': 'Qcow2ZoneModel' },
+  'discriminator': 'mode',
+  'data': { 'host-managed': 'Qcow2ZoneHostManaged' } }
+
 ##
 # @BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow2:
 #
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
 # @compression-type: The image cluster compression method
 #     (default: zlib, since 5.1)
 #
+# @zone: @Qcow2ZoneCreateOptions.  The zone device model modes (since 8.2)
+#
 # Since: 2.12
 ##
 { 'struct': 'BlockdevCreateOptionsQcow2',
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
             '*preallocation':   'PreallocMode',
             '*lazy-refcounts':  'bool',
             '*refcount-bits':   'int',
-            '*compression-type':'Qcow2CompressionType' } }
+            '*compression-type':'Qcow2CompressionType',
+            '*zone':            'Qcow2ZoneCreateOptions' } }
 
 ##
 # @BlockdevCreateOptionsQed:
-- 
2.40.1

Zoned devices have a limit on zone resources, which puts constraints on
write operations into zones. It is managed by active zone lists
following LRU policy.

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
---
 block/qcow2.c        | 741 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 block/trace-events   |   2 +
 include/qemu/queue.h |   1 +
 3 files changed, 742 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_extract_crypto_opts(QemuOpts *opts, const char *fmt, Error **errp)
     return cryptoopts_qdict;
 }
 
+#define QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wp)    (wp & 1ULL << 59)
+
+/*
+ * To emulate a real zoned device, closed, empty and full states are
+ * preserved after a power cycle. Open states are in-memory and will
+ * be lost after closing the device. Read-only and offline states are
+ * device-internal events, which are not considered for simplicity.
+ */
+static inline BlockZoneState qcow2_get_zone_state(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                                  uint32_t index)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    Qcow2ZoneListEntry *zone_entry = &s->zone_list_entries[index];
+    uint64_t zone_wp = bs->wps->wp[index];
+    uint64_t zone_start;
+
+    if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(zone_wp)) {
+        return BLK_ZS_NOT_WP;
+    }
+
+    if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(zone_entry, exp_open_zone_entry)) {
+        return BLK_ZS_EOPEN;
+    }
+    if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(zone_entry, imp_open_zone_entry)) {
+        return BLK_ZS_IOPEN;
+    }
+
+    zone_start = index * bs->bl.zone_size;
+    if (zone_wp == zone_start) {
+        return BLK_ZS_EMPTY;
+    }
+    if (zone_wp >= zone_start + bs->bl.zone_capacity) {
+        return BLK_ZS_FULL;
+    }
+    if (zone_wp > zone_start) {
+        return BLK_ZS_CLOSED;
+    }
+    return BLK_ZS_NOT_WP;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the new wp value to the dedicated location of the image file.
+ */
+static int qcow2_write_wp_at(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t *wp,
+                             uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t wpv = *wp;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = bdrv_pwrite(bs->file, s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset
+        + sizeof(uint64_t) * index, sizeof(uint64_t), wp, 0);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    trace_qcow2_wp_tracking(index, *wp >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS);
+    return ret;
+
+exit:
+    *wp = wpv;
+    error_report("Failed to write metadata with file");
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static bool qcow2_can_activate_zone(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    /* When the max active zone is zero, there is no limit on active zones */
+    if (!s->zoned_header.max_active_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /* The active zones are zones with the states of open and closed */
+    if (s->nr_zones_exp_open + s->nr_zones_imp_open + s->nr_zones_closed
+        < s->zoned_header.max_active_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This function manages open zones under active zones limit. It checks
+ * if a zone can transition to open state while maintaining max open and
+ * active zone limits.
+ */
+static bool qcow2_can_open_zone(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    Qcow2ZoneListEntry *zone_entry;
+
+    /* When the max open zone is zero, there is no limit on open zones */
+    if (!s->zoned_header.max_open_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * The open zones are zones with the states of explicitly and
+     * implicitly open.
+     */
+    if (s->nr_zones_imp_open + s->nr_zones_exp_open <
+        s->zoned_header.max_open_zones) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Zones are managed once at a time. Thus, the number of implicitly open
+     * zone can never be over the open zone limit. When the active zone limit
+     * is not reached, close only one implicitly open zone.
+     */
+    if (qcow2_can_activate_zone(bs)) {
+        /*
+         * The LRU policy is used for handling active zone lists. When
+         * removing a random zone entry, we discard the least recently used
+         * list item. The list item at the last is the least recently used
+         * one. The zone list maintained this property by removing the last
+         * entry and inserting before the first entry.
+         */
+        zone_entry = QLIST_LAST(&s->imp_open_zones, imp_open_zone_entry);
+        QLIST_REMOVE(zone_entry, imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x23, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->closed_zones, zone_entry, closed_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_closed++;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The zoned device has limited zone resources on open, closed, active
+ * zones.
+ */
+static int qcow2_check_zone_resources(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      BlockZoneState zs)
+{
+    switch (zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        if (!qcow2_can_activate_zone(bs)) {
+            error_report("No enough active zones");
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        if (!qcow2_can_open_zone(bs)) {
+            error_report("No enough open zones");
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        /* Other states will not affect zone resources management */
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int qcow2_refresh_zonedmeta(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    int ret;
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t wps_size = s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size;
+    g_autofree uint64_t *temp = NULL;
+    temp = g_new(uint64_t, wps_size);
+    ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset,
+                     wps_size, temp, 0);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("Can not read metadata");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(bs->wps->wp, temp, wps_size);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Passing by the zoned device configurations by a zoned_header struct, check
  * if the zone device options are under constraints. Return false when some
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_read_extensions(BlockDriverState *bs, uint64_t start_offset,
                 be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_active_zones);
             zoned_ext.max_append_bytes =
                 be32_to_cpu(zoned_ext.max_append_bytes);
+            zoned_ext.zonedmeta_offset =
+                be64_to_cpu(zoned_ext.zonedmeta_offset);
+            zoned_ext.zonedmeta_size = be64_to_cpu(zoned_ext.zonedmeta_size);
             s->zoned_header = zoned_ext;
+            bs->wps = g_malloc(sizeof(BlockZoneWps)
+                + s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size);
+            ret = qcow2_refresh_zonedmeta(bs);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "zonedmeta: "
+                                             "Could not update zoned meta");
+                return ret;
+            }
+
+            s->zone_list_entries = g_new0(Qcow2ZoneListEntry,
+                                          zoned_ext.nr_zones);
+            QLIST_INIT(&s->exp_open_zones);
+            QLIST_INIT(&s->imp_open_zones);
+            QLIST_INIT(&s->closed_zones);
+            qemu_co_mutex_init(&bs->wps->colock);
 
             /* refuse to open broken images */
             if (zoned_ext.nr_zones != DIV_ROUND_UP(bs->total_sectors *
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_pwritev_part(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
     uint64_t host_offset;
     QCowL2Meta *l2meta = NULL;
     AioTaskPool *aio = NULL;
+    int64_t start_offset, start_bytes;
+    BlockZoneState zs;
+    int64_t end;
+    uint64_t *wp;
+    int64_t zone_size = bs->bl.zone_size;
+    int index;
 
     trace_qcow2_writev_start_req(qemu_coroutine_self(), offset, bytes);
 
+    start_offset = offset;
+    start_bytes = bytes;
+    if (bs->bl.zoned == BLK_Z_HM) {
+        /*
+         * The offset should not less than the wp of that zone where
+         * offset starts.
+         */
+        index = start_offset / zone_size;
+        wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+        if (offset < *wp) {
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        /* Only allow writes when there are zone resources left */
+        zs = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index);
+        if (zs == BLK_ZS_CLOSED || zs == BLK_ZS_EMPTY) {
+            if (qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, zs) < 0) {
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     while (bytes != 0 && aio_task_pool_status(aio) == 0) {
 
         l2meta = NULL;
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_pwritev_part(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes,
         qiov_offset += cur_bytes;
         trace_qcow2_writev_done_part(qemu_coroutine_self(), cur_bytes);
     }
+
+    if (bs->bl.zoned == BLK_Z_HM) {
+        index = start_offset / zone_size;
+        wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+        zs = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index);
+        uint64_t wpv = *wp;
+        if (!QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wpv)) {
+            /* align up (start_offset, zone_size), the start offset is not
+             * necessarily power of two. */
+            end = ((start_offset + zone_size) / zone_size) * zone_size;
+            if (start_offset + start_bytes <= end) {
+                *wp = start_offset + start_bytes;
+            } else {
+                ret = -EINVAL;
+                goto fail_nometa;
+            }
+
+            ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp, index);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                goto fail_nometa;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * The zone state transitions to implicit open when the original
+             * state is empty or closed. When the wp reaches the end, the
+             * open states (explicit open, implicit open) become full.
+             */
+            Qcow2ZoneListEntry *zone_entry = &s->zone_list_entries[index];
+            if (!(*wp & (zone_size - 1))) {
+                /* Being aligned to zone size implies full state */
+                if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(zone_entry, exp_open_zone_entry)) {
+                    QLIST_REMOVE(zone_entry, exp_open_zone_entry);
+                    s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+                } else if (QLIST_IS_INSERTED(zone_entry, imp_open_zone_entry)) {
+                    QLIST_REMOVE(zone_entry, imp_open_zone_entry);
+                    s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+                    trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x24,
+                                               s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (zs == BLK_ZS_CLOSED || zs == BLK_ZS_EMPTY) {
+                    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->imp_open_zones, zone_entry,
+                                      imp_open_zone_entry);
+                    s->nr_zones_imp_open++;
+
+                    if (zs == BLK_ZS_CLOSED) {
+                        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+                    }
+                } else if (zs == BLK_ZS_IOPEN) {
+                    /*
+                     * The LRU policy: update the zone that is most recently
+                     * used to the head of the zone list
+                     */
+                    QLIST_REMOVE(zone_entry, imp_open_zone_entry);
+                    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->imp_open_zones, zone_entry,
+                                      imp_open_zone_entry);
+                    trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x24,
+                                               s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     ret = 0;
 
     qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock);
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ static int GRAPH_RDLOCK qcow2_inactivate(BlockDriverState *bs)
     return result;
 }
 
+static void qcow2_zoned_close(BDRVQcow2State *s)
+{
+    Qcow2ZoneListEntry *zone_entry, *next;
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(zone_entry, &s->imp_open_zones, imp_open_zone_entry,
+                       next) {
+        QLIST_REMOVE(zone_entry, imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(0x22, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+    }
+
+    QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(zone_entry, &s->exp_open_zones, exp_open_zone_entry,
+                       next) {
+        QLIST_REMOVE(zone_entry, exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+    }
+
+    assert(s->nr_zones_imp_open + s->nr_zones_exp_open == 0);
+}
+
 static void coroutine_mixed_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 qcow2_do_close(BlockDriverState *bs, bool close_data_file)
 {
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_do_close(BlockDriverState *bs, bool close_data_file)
 
     qcow2_refcount_close(bs);
     qcow2_free_snapshots(bs);
+    qcow2_zoned_close(s);
+    g_free(bs->wps);
 }
 
 static void GRAPH_UNLOCKED qcow2_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ int qcow2_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs)
             .max_active_zones   =
                 cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_active_zones),
             .max_append_bytes =
-                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_append_bytes)
+                cpu_to_be32(s->zoned_header.max_append_bytes),
+            .zonedmeta_offset   =
+                cpu_to_be64(s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset),
+            .zonedmeta_size     = cpu_to_be64(s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size),
         };
         ret = header_ext_add(buf, QCOW2_EXT_MAGIC_ZONED_FORMAT,
                              &zoned_header, sizeof(zoned_header),
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
     int version;
     int refcount_order;
     uint64_t *refcount_table;
-    int ret;
+    uint64_t zoned_meta_size, zoned_clusterlen;
+    int ret, offset, i;
     uint8_t compression_type = QCOW2_COMPRESSION_TYPE_ZLIB;
 
     assert(create_options->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_QCOW2);
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options, Error **errp)
             ret = -EINVAL;
             goto out;
         }
+
+        uint32_t nrz = s->zoned_header.nr_zones;
+        zoned_meta_size =  sizeof(uint64_t) * nrz;
+        g_autofree uint64_t *meta = NULL;
+        meta = g_new0(uint64_t, nrz);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < s->zoned_header.conventional_zones; ++i) {
+            meta[i] = i * s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+            meta[i] |= 1ULL << 59;
+        }
+
+        for (; i < nrz; ++i) {
+            meta[i] = i * s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+        }
+
+        offset = qcow2_alloc_clusters(blk_bs(blk), zoned_meta_size);
+        if (offset < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -offset, "Could not allocate clusters "
+                                            "for zoned metadata size");
+            goto out;
+        }
+        s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_offset = offset;
+        s->zoned_header.zonedmeta_size = zoned_meta_size;
+
+        zoned_clusterlen = size_to_clusters(s, zoned_meta_size)
+                * s->cluster_size;
+        assert(qcow2_pre_write_overlap_check(bs, 0, offset,
+                                             zoned_clusterlen,false) == 0);
+        ret = bdrv_pwrite_zeroes(blk_bs(blk)->file, offset,
+                                 zoned_clusterlen, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not zero fill zoned metadata");
+            goto out;
+        }
+        ret = bdrv_pwrite(blk_bs(blk)->file, offset, zoned_meta_size, meta, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not write zoned metadata "
+                                         "to disk");
+        }
     } else {
         s->zoned_header.zoned = BLK_Z_NONE;
     }
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_co_pdiscard(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes)
     return ret;
 }
 
+static int coroutine_fn
+qcow2_co_zone_report(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t offset,
+                     unsigned int *nr_zones, BlockZoneDescriptor *zones)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    uint64_t zone_size = s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    int64_t capacity = bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    int64_t size = bs->bl.nr_zones * zone_size;
+    unsigned int nrz = *nr_zones;
+    int i = 0;
+    int si;
+
+    if (offset >= capacity) {
+        error_report("offset %" PRId64 " is equal to or greater than the "
+                     "device capacity %" PRId64 "", offset, capacity);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (nrz > bs->bl.nr_zones) {
+        error_report("nr_zones %" PRId32 " should not exceed the device zones"
+                     "%" PRId32 "", nrz, bs->bl.nr_zones);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (zone_size > 0) {
+        si = offset / zone_size;
+        qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+        for (; i < nrz; ++i) {
+            if (i + si >= bs->bl.nr_zones) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            zones[i].start = (si + i) * zone_size;
+
+            /* The last zone can be smaller than the zone size */
+            if ((si + i + 1) == bs->bl.nr_zones && size > capacity) {
+                uint32_t l = zone_size - (size - capacity);
+                zones[i].length = l;
+                zones[i].cap = l;
+            } else {
+                zones[i].length = zone_size;
+                zones[i].cap = zone_size;
+            }
+
+            uint64_t wp = bs->wps->wp[si + i];
+            if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wp)) {
+                zones[i].type = BLK_ZT_CONV;
+                zones[i].state = BLK_ZS_NOT_WP;
+                /* Clear the zone type bit */
+                wp &= ~(1ULL << 59);
+            } else {
+                zones[i].type = BLK_ZT_SWR;
+                zones[i].state = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, si + i);
+            }
+            zones[i].wp = wp;
+        }
+        qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    }
+    *nr_zones = i;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_open_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t *wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+    BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index);
+
+    switch(zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_EMPTY);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_OPEN, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+        return 0;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_CLOSED);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+        break;
+    default:
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+
+    ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp, index);
+    if (!ret) {
+        QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->exp_open_zones, &s->zone_list_entries[index],
+                          exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open++;
+    }
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_close_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index);
+
+    switch(zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_CLOSE, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index], exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_CLOSED);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+        break;
+    default:
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+
+    if (qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index) == BLK_ZS_CLOSED) {
+        s->nr_zones_closed++;
+    }
+    ret = 0;
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_finish_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t *wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+    BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index);
+
+    switch(zs) {
+    case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_EMPTY);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index], imp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+        trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_FINISH, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+        QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index], exp_open_zone_entry);
+        s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+        ret = qcow2_check_zone_resources(bs, BLK_ZS_CLOSED);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        s->nr_zones_closed--;
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+        ret = 0;
+        goto unlock;
+    default:
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+
+    *wp = ((uint64_t)index + 1) * s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp, index);
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int qcow2_reset_zone(BlockDriverState *bs, uint32_t index,
+                            int64_t len) {
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int nrz = bs->bl.nr_zones;
+    int zone_size = bs->bl.zone_size;
+    int n, ret = 0;
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t *wp = &bs->wps->wp[index];
+    if (len == bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) {
+        n = nrz;
+        index = 0;
+    } else {
+        n = len / zone_size;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        uint64_t *wp_i = (uint64_t *)(wp + i);
+        uint64_t wpi_v = *wp_i;
+        if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wpi_v)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        BlockZoneState zs = qcow2_get_zone_state(bs, index + i);
+        switch (zs) {
+        case BLK_ZS_EMPTY:
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_IOPEN:
+            QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index + i], imp_open_zone_entry);
+            s->nr_zones_imp_open--;
+            trace_qcow2_imp_open_zones(BLK_ZO_RESET, s->nr_zones_imp_open);
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_EOPEN:
+            QLIST_REMOVE(&s->zone_list_entries[index + i], exp_open_zone_entry);
+            s->nr_zones_exp_open--;
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_CLOSED:
+            s->nr_zones_closed--;
+            break;
+        case BLK_ZS_FULL:
+            break;
+        default:
+            ret = -EINVAL;
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+
+        if (zs == BLK_ZS_EMPTY) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        *wp_i = ((uint64_t)index + i) * zone_size;
+        ret = qcow2_write_wp_at(bs, wp_i, index + i);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto unlock;
+        }
+        /* clear data */
+        ret = qcow2_co_pwrite_zeroes(bs, *wp_i, zone_size, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            error_report("Failed to reset zone at 0x%" PRIx64 "", *wp_i);
+        }
+    }
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn qcow2_co_zone_mgmt(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockZoneOp op,
+                                           int64_t offset, int64_t len)
+{
+    BDRVQcow2State *s = bs->opaque;
+    int ret = 0;
+    int64_t capacity = bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    int64_t zone_size = s->zoned_header.zone_size;
+    int64_t zone_size_mask = zone_size - 1;
+    uint32_t index = offset / zone_size;
+    BlockZoneWps *wps = bs->wps;
+
+    if (offset >= capacity) {
+        error_report("offset %" PRId64 " is equal to or greater than the"
+                     "device capacity %" PRId64 "", offset, capacity);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (offset & zone_size_mask) {
+        error_report("sector offset %" PRId64 " is not aligned to zone size"
+                     " %" PRId64 "", offset / 512, zone_size / 512);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (((offset + len) < capacity && len & zone_size_mask) ||
+        offset + len > capacity) {
+        error_report("number of sectors %" PRId64 " is not aligned to zone"
+                     " size %" PRId64 "", len / 512, zone_size / 512);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&wps->colock);
+    uint64_t wpv = wps->wp[index];
+    if (QCOW2_ZT_IS_CONV(wpv) && len != capacity) {
+        error_report("zone mgmt operations are not allowed for "
+                     "conventional zones");
+        ret = -EIO;
+        goto unlock;
+    }
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&wps->colock);
+
+    switch(op) {
+    case BLK_ZO_OPEN:
+        ret = qcow2_open_zone(bs, index);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZO_CLOSE:
+        ret = qcow2_close_zone(bs, index);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZO_FINISH:
+        ret = qcow2_finish_zone(bs, index);
+        break;
+    case BLK_ZO_RESET:
+        ret = qcow2_reset_zone(bs, index, len);
+        break;
+    default:
+        error_report("Unsupported zone op: 0x%x", op);
+        ret = -ENOTSUP;
+        break;
+    }
+    return ret;
+
+unlock:
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn
+qcow2_co_zone_append(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t *offset, QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+                     BdrvRequestFlags flags)
+{
+    assert(flags == 0);
+    int64_t capacity = bs->total_sectors << BDRV_SECTOR_BITS;
+    uint32_t index;
+    int ret;
+    int64_t zone_size_mask = bs->bl.zone_size - 1;
+    int64_t iov_len = 0;
+    int64_t len = 0;
+
+    if (*offset >= capacity) {
+        error_report("*offset %" PRId64 " is equal to or greater than the"
+                     "device capacity %" PRId64 "", *offset, capacity);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    /* offset + len should not pass the end of that zone starting from offset */
+    if (*offset & zone_size_mask) {
+        error_report("sector offset %" PRId64 " is not aligned to zone size "
+                     "%" PRId32 "", *offset / 512, bs->bl.zone_size / 512);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    int64_t wg = bs->bl.write_granularity;
+    int64_t wg_mask = wg - 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < qiov->niov; i++) {
+        iov_len = qiov->iov[i].iov_len;
+        if (iov_len & wg_mask) {
+            error_report("len of IOVector[%d] %" PRId64 " is not aligned to "
+                         "block size %" PRId64 "", i, iov_len, wg);
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+    }
+    len = qiov->size;
+    index = *offset / bs->bl.zone_size;
+
+    if ((len >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS) > bs->bl.max_append_sectors) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_lock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    uint64_t wp_i = bs->wps->wp[index];
+    ret = qcow2_co_pwritev_part(bs, wp_i, len, qiov, 0, 0);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        *offset = wp_i;
+    } else {
+        error_report("qcow2: zap failed");
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&bs->wps->colock);
+    return ret;
+}
+
 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
 qcow2_co_copy_range_from(BlockDriverState *bs,
                          BdrvChild *src, int64_t src_offset,
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ BlockDriver bdrv_qcow2 = {
     .bdrv_co_pwritev_compressed_part    = qcow2_co_pwritev_compressed_part,
     .bdrv_make_empty                    = qcow2_make_empty,
 
+    .bdrv_co_zone_report    = qcow2_co_zone_report,
+    .bdrv_co_zone_mgmt    = qcow2_co_zone_mgmt,
+    .bdrv_co_zone_append    = qcow2_co_zone_append,
+
     .bdrv_snapshot_create               = qcow2_snapshot_create,
     .bdrv_snapshot_goto                 = qcow2_snapshot_goto,
     .bdrv_snapshot_delete               = qcow2_snapshot_delete,
diff --git a/block/trace-events b/block/trace-events
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/block/trace-events
+++ b/block/trace-events
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ qcow2_writev_data(void *co, uint64_t offset) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64
 qcow2_pwrite_zeroes_start_req(void *co, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " bytes %" PRId64
 qcow2_pwrite_zeroes(void *co, int64_t offset, int64_t bytes) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " bytes %" PRId64
 qcow2_skip_cow(void *co, uint64_t offset, int nb_clusters) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " nb_clusters %d"
+qcow2_wp_tracking(int index, uint64_t wp) "wps[%d]: 0x%" PRIx64
+qcow2_imp_open_zones(uint8_t op, int nrz) "nr_imp_open_zones after op 0x%x: %d"
 
 # qcow2-cluster.c
 qcow2_alloc_clusters_offset(void *co, uint64_t offset, int bytes) "co %p offset 0x%" PRIx64 " bytes %d"
diff --git a/include/qemu/queue.h b/include/qemu/queue.h
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX 100644
--- a/include/qemu/queue.h
+++ b/include/qemu/queue.h
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@ struct {                                                                \
 #define QLIST_EMPTY(head)                ((head)->lh_first == NULL)
 #define QLIST_FIRST(head)                ((head)->lh_first)
 #define QLIST_NEXT(elm, field)           ((elm)->field.le_next)
+#define QLIST_LAST(head, field)          (*(head)->lh_first->field.le_prev)
 
 
 /*
-- 
2.40.1

The zoned format feature can be tested by:
$ tests/qemu-iotests/check -qcow2 zoned-qcow2

Signed-off-by: Sam Li <faithilikerun@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
---
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2     | 126 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out | 118 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 244 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
 create mode 100644 tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out

diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2 b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
new file mode 100755
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Test zone management operations for qcow2 file.
+#
+
+seq="$(basename $0)"
+echo "QA output created by $seq"
+status=1 # failure is the default!
+
+file_name="zbc.qcow2"
+_cleanup()
+{
+  _cleanup_test_img
+  _rm_test_img "$file_name"
+}
+trap "_cleanup; exit \$status" 0 1 2 3 15
+
+# get standard environment, filters and checks
+. ../common.rc
+. ../common.filter
+. ../common.qemu
+
+# This test only runs on Linux hosts with qcow2 image files.
+_supported_fmt qcow2
+_supported_proto file
+_supported_os Linux
+
+echo
+echo "=== Initial image setup ==="
+echo
+
+$QEMU_IMG create -f qcow2 $file_name -o size=768M -o zone.size=64M -o \
+zone.capacity=64M -o zone.conventional_zones=0 -o zone.max_append_bytes=131072 \
+-o zone.max_open_zones=10 -o zone.max_active_zones=12 -o zone.mode=host-managed
+
+IMG="--image-opts -n driver=qcow2,file.driver=file,file.filename=$file_name"
+QEMU_IO_OPTIONS=$QEMU_IO_OPTIONS_NO_FMT
+
+echo
+echo "=== Testing a qcow2 img with zoned format ==="
+echo
+echo "case 1: test zone operations one by one"
+
+echo "(1) report zones[0]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 1"
+echo
+echo "report zones[0~9]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 10"
+echo
+echo "report zones[-1]:"  # zones[-1] dictates the last zone
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0x2C000000 2" # 0x2C000000 / 512 = 0x160000
+echo
+echo
+echo "(2) open zones[0], zones[1], zones[-1] then close, finish, reset:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG << EOF
+zo 0 0x4000000 # 0x4000000 / 512 = 0x20000
+zrp 0 1
+zo 0x4000000 0x4000000
+zrp 0x4000000 1
+zo 0x2C000000 0x4000000
+zrp 0x2C000000 2
+zc 0 0x4000000
+zrp 0 1
+zc 0x2C000000 0x4000000
+zrp 0x2C000000 2
+zf 0 0x4000000
+zrp 0 1
+zf 64M 64M
+zrp 0x4000000 2
+zf 0x2C000000 0x4000000
+zrp 0x2C000000 2
+zrs 0 0x4000000
+zrp 0 1
+zrs 0x4000000 0x4000000
+zrp 0x4000000 1
+zrs 0x2C000000 0x4000000
+zrp 0x2C000000 2
+EOF
+
+echo
+echo "(3) append write with (4k, 8k) data"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrp 0 12" # the physical block size of the device is 4096
+echo "Append write zones[0], zones[1] twice"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG << EOF
+zap -p 0 0x1000 0x2000
+zrp 0 1
+zap -p 0 0x1000 0x2000
+zrp 0 1
+zap -p 0x4000000 0x1000 0x2000
+zrp 0x4000000 1
+zap -p 0x4000000 0x1000 0x2000
+zrp 0x4000000 1
+EOF
+
+echo
+echo "Reset all:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0 768M" -c "zrp 0 12"
+echo
+echo
+
+echo "case 2: test a sets of ops that works or not"
+echo "(1) append write (4k, 4k) and then write to full"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG << EOF
+zap -p 0 0x1000 0x1000 # wrote (4k, 4k):
+zrp 0 1
+zap -p 0 0x1000 0x3ffd000
+zrp 0 1
+EOF
+
+echo "Reset zones[0]:"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG -c "zrs 0 64M" -c "zrp 0 1"
+
+echo "(2) write in zones[0], zones[3], zones[8], and then reset all"
+$QEMU_IO $IMG << EOF
+zap -p 0 0x1000 0x1000
+zap -p 0xc000000 0x1000 0x1000
+zap -p 0x20000000 0x1000 0x1000
+zrp 0 12
+zrs 0 768M
+zrp 0 12
+EOF
+
+# success, all done
+echo "*** done"
+rm -f $seq.full
+status=0
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out
new file mode 100644
index XXXXXXX..XXXXXXX
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/zoned-qcow2.out
@@ -XXX,XX +XXX,XX @@
+QA output created by zoned-qcow2
+
+=== Initial image setup ===
+
+Formatting 'zbc.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 extended_l2=off compression_type=zlib zone.mode=host-managed zone.size=67108864 zone.capacity=67108864 zone.conventional_zones=0 zone.max_append_bytes=131072 zone.max_active_zones=12 zone.max_open_zones=10 size=805306368 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
+
+=== Testing a qcow2 img with zoned format ===
+
+case 1: test zone operations one by one
+(1) report zones[0]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+report zones[0~9]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+report zones[-1]:
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+
+(2) open zones[0], zones[1], zones[-1] then close, finish, reset:
+qemu-io> bad argument count 8 to zo, expected 2 arguments
+qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:3, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:3, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x180000, zcond:14, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> 
+(3) append write with (4k, 8k) data
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+Append write zones[0], zones[1] twice
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x0
+qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x18, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x18
+qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x30, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x20000
+qemu-io> start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20018, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x20018
+qemu-io> start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20030, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> 
+Reset all:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+
+
+case 2: test a sets of ops that works or not
+(1) append write (4k, 4k) and then write to full
+qemu-io> bad argument count 8 to zap, expected between 3 and 4 arguments
+qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> zone append failed: Operation not supported
+qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> Reset zones[0]:
+start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+(2) write in zones[0], zones[3], zones[8], and then reset all
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x0
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x60000
+qemu-io> After zap done, the append sector is 0x100000
+qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x10, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60010, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100010, zcond:2, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> qemu-io> start: 0x0, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x0, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x20000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x20000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x40000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x40000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x60000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x60000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x80000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x80000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xa0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xa0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xc0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xc0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0xe0000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0xe0000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x100000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x100000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x120000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x120000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x140000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x140000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+start: 0x160000, len 0x20000, cap 0x20000, wptr 0x160000, zcond:1, [type: 2]
+qemu-io> *** done
-- 
2.40.1