From nobody Sun Feb 8 12:38:09 2026 Delivered-To: importer@patchew.org Received-SPF: pass (zoho.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.51.188.17; envelope-from=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; helo=lists.gnu.org; Authentication-Results: mx.zohomail.com; spf=pass (zoho.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; dmarc=fail(p=none dis=none) header.from=redhat.com ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1567095102; cv=none; d=zoho.com; s=zohoarc; b=PCwiEKPPAGiwY6GSp7hcVkZdpQWuSeOouvzx9+YGuujLOP8xUeAxhNIREhk8/1+pKE7pNp7GLv49Oc1njKFD2SJLg4NKnzflXo3dznIuOH8QyorFSsLE25tqM53yONqztKZXf9LEMshbETtSjl0wkTTFyqteO8JFIp0dEUAa0BY= ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=zoho.com; s=zohoarc; t=1567095102; h=Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding:Cc:Date:From:In-Reply-To:List-Subscribe:List-Post:List-Id:List-Archive:List-Help:List-Unsubscribe:MIME-Version:Message-ID:References:Sender:Subject:To:ARC-Authentication-Results; bh=sI5EZ/y9A9OV/euvcfCTmdZ+gkCMSeP6hEsbFkhw4mo=; b=l/zjAXosswoTwf/OYlGWucwNZzB+Q5iFv9f6X9523CpuoSepcwFqoF4Pf+2CFKNHROvdONXPY6RkycaLbHtszsRq/7+kJuBY+AxxigqQVB6SuCzjSaW+THvSy2nPOgXz4XpM66gu44dm1bPBO7Q5TjXIIcU5hnOsp1kapg0O58I= ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.zoho.com; spf=pass (zoho.com: domain of gnu.org designates 209.51.188.17 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org; dmarc=fail header.from= (p=none dis=none) header.from= Return-Path: Received: from lists.gnu.org (lists.gnu.org [209.51.188.17]) by mx.zohomail.com with SMTPS id 1567095102699688.7006576783959; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 09:11:42 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost ([::1]:51756 helo=lists1p.gnu.org) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1i3N1M-0006iE-22 for importer@patchew.org; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 12:11:36 -0400 Received: from eggs.gnu.org ([2001:470:142:3::10]:36597) by lists.gnu.org with esmtp (Exim 4.90_1) (envelope-from ) id 1i3MxS-0002Lp-60 for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 12:07:35 -0400 Received: from Debian-exim by eggs.gnu.org with spam-scanned (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1i3MxQ-0003zC-VG for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 12:07:34 -0400 Received: from mx1.redhat.com ([209.132.183.28]:52234) by eggs.gnu.org with esmtps (TLS1.0:DHE_RSA_AES_256_CBC_SHA1:32) (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1i3MxQ-0003yS-NT for qemu-devel@nongnu.org; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 12:07:32 -0400 Received: from smtp.corp.redhat.com (int-mx07.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com [10.5.11.22]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher AECDH-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by mx1.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 093A710C696D; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 16:07:32 +0000 (UTC) Received: from localhost.localdomain.com (ovpn-112-60.ams2.redhat.com [10.36.112.60]) by smtp.corp.redhat.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id 01049100EBD9; Thu, 29 Aug 2019 16:07:26 +0000 (UTC) From: =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20P=2E=20Berrang=C3=A9?= To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2019 17:07:09 +0100 Message-Id: <20190829160710.8792-4-berrange@redhat.com> In-Reply-To: <20190829160710.8792-1-berrange@redhat.com> References: <20190829160710.8792-1-berrange@redhat.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.84 on 10.5.11.22 X-Greylist: Sender IP whitelisted, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.6.2 (mx1.redhat.com [10.5.110.65]); Thu, 29 Aug 2019 16:07:32 +0000 (UTC) Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-detected-operating-system: by eggs.gnu.org: GNU/Linux 2.2.x-3.x [generic] X-Received-From: 209.132.183.28 Subject: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v2 3/4] docs: document use of automatic cleanup functions in glib X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.23 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Cc: =?UTF-8?q?Alex=20Benn=C3=A9e?= , Stefan Hajnoczi , =?UTF-8?q?Marc-Andr=C3=A9=20Lureau?= , =?UTF-8?q?Daniel=20P=2E=20Berrang=C3=A9?= Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+importer=patchew.org@nongnu.org Sender: "Qemu-devel" Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Document the use of g_autofree and g_autoptr in glib for automatic freeing of memory. Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrang=C3=A9 Reviewed-by: Alex Benn=C3=A9e --- CODING_STYLE.rst | 85 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+) diff --git a/CODING_STYLE.rst b/CODING_STYLE.rst index 4501d87352..39397f0f6f 100644 --- a/CODING_STYLE.rst +++ b/CODING_STYLE.rst @@ -441,6 +441,91 @@ In addition, QEMU assumes that the compiler does not u= se the latitude given in C99 and C11 to treat aspects of signed '<<' as undefined, as documented in the GNU Compiler Collection manual starting at version 4.0. =20 +Automatic memory deallocation +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +QEMU has a mandatory dependency either the GCC or CLang compiler. As +such it has the freedom to make use of a C language extension for +automatically running a cleanup function when a stack variable goes +out of scope. This can be used to simplify function cleanup paths, +often allowing many goto jumps to be eliminated, through automatic +free'ing of memory. + +The GLib2 library provides a number of functions/macros for enabling +automatic cleanup: + + ``_ + +Most notably: + +* g_autofree - will invoke g_free() on the variable going out of scope + +* g_autoptr - for structs / objects, will invoke the cleanup func created + by a previous use of G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC. This is + supported for most GLib data types and GObjects + +For example, instead of + +.. code-block:: c + + int somefunc(void) { + int ret =3D -1; + char *foo =3D g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble"); + GList *bar =3D ..... + + if (eek) { + goto cleanup; + } + + ret =3D 0; + + cleanup: + g_free(foo); + g_list_free(bar); + return ret; + } + +Using g_autofree/g_autoptr enables the code to be written as: + +.. code-block:: c + + int somefunc(void) { + g_autofree char *foo =3D g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble"); + g_autoptr (GList) bar =3D ..... + + if (eek) { + return -1; + } + + return 0; + } + +While this generally results in simpler, less leak-prone code, there +are still some caveats to beware of + +* Variables declared with g_auto* MUST always be initialized, + otherwise the cleanup function will use uninitialized stack memory + +* If a variable declared with g_auto* holds a value which must + live beyond the life of the function, that value must be saved + and the original variable NULL'd out. This can be simpler using + g_steal_pointer + + +.. code-block:: c + + char *somefunc(void) { + g_autofree char *foo =3D g_strdup_printf("foo%", "wibble"); + g_autoptr (GList) bar =3D ..... + + if (eek) { + return NULL; + } + + return g_steal_pointer(&foo); + } + + Error handling and reporting =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D =20 --=20 2.21.0