[PATCH V5] migration: simplify blockers

Steve Sistare posted 1 patch 6 months, 2 weeks ago
Failed in applying to current master (apply log)
backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c  | 10 ++--------
block/parallels.c            |  8 +++-----
block/qcow.c                 |  6 ++----
block/vdi.c                  |  6 ++----
block/vhdx.c                 |  6 ++----
block/vmdk.c                 |  6 ++----
block/vpc.c                  |  6 ++----
block/vvfat.c                |  6 ++----
dump/dump.c                  |  4 ++--
hw/9pfs/9p.c                 | 10 ++--------
hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c |  8 ++------
hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c        |  3 +--
hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c  |  3 +--
hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c      |  3 +--
hw/misc/ivshmem.c            |  8 ++------
hw/ppc/pef.c                 |  2 +-
hw/ppc/spapr.c               |  9 +--------
hw/ppc/spapr_events.c        |  6 +++++-
hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c          |  2 +-
hw/remote/proxy.c            |  7 ++-----
hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c   |  9 +++------
hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c         |  8 +++-----
hw/vfio/common.c             | 10 ++--------
hw/vfio/migration.c          | 16 ++--------------
hw/virtio/vhost.c            |  8 ++------
include/migration/blocker.h  | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
migration/migration.c        | 22 ++++++++++++++--------
stubs/migr-blocker.c         |  4 ++--
target/i386/kvm/kvm.c        |  8 ++++----
target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c  |  3 +--
target/i386/sev.c            |  2 +-
target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c  |  3 +--
ui/vdagent.c                 |  5 ++---
33 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-)
[PATCH V5] migration: simplify blockers
Posted by Steve Sistare 6 months, 2 weeks ago
Modify migrate_add_blocker and migrate_del_blocker to take an Error **
reason.  This allows migration to own the Error object, so that if
an error occurs in migrate_add_blocker, migration code can free the Error
and clear the client handle, simplifying client code.  It also simplifies
the migrate_del_blocker call site.

In addition, this is a pre-requisite for a proposed future patch that would
add a mode argument to migration requests to support live update, and
maintain a list of blockers for each mode.  A blocker may apply to a single
mode or to multiple modes, and passing Error** will allow one Error object
to be registered for multiple modes.

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
---
 backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c  | 10 ++--------
 block/parallels.c            |  8 +++-----
 block/qcow.c                 |  6 ++----
 block/vdi.c                  |  6 ++----
 block/vhdx.c                 |  6 ++----
 block/vmdk.c                 |  6 ++----
 block/vpc.c                  |  6 ++----
 block/vvfat.c                |  6 ++----
 dump/dump.c                  |  4 ++--
 hw/9pfs/9p.c                 | 10 ++--------
 hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c |  8 ++------
 hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c        |  3 +--
 hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c  |  3 +--
 hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c      |  3 +--
 hw/misc/ivshmem.c            |  8 ++------
 hw/ppc/pef.c                 |  2 +-
 hw/ppc/spapr.c               |  9 +--------
 hw/ppc/spapr_events.c        |  6 +++++-
 hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c          |  2 +-
 hw/remote/proxy.c            |  7 ++-----
 hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c   |  9 +++------
 hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c         |  8 +++-----
 hw/vfio/common.c             | 10 ++--------
 hw/vfio/migration.c          | 16 ++--------------
 hw/virtio/vhost.c            |  8 ++------
 include/migration/blocker.h  | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
 migration/migration.c        | 22 ++++++++++++++--------
 stubs/migr-blocker.c         |  4 ++--
 target/i386/kvm/kvm.c        |  8 ++++----
 target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c  |  3 +--
 target/i386/sev.c            |  2 +-
 target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c  |  3 +--
 ui/vdagent.c                 |  5 ++---
 33 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-)

diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
index 402a2d6..bf1a90f 100644
--- a/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
+++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
@@ -534,11 +534,8 @@ static int tpm_emulator_block_migration(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
         error_setg(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker,
                    "Migration disabled: TPM emulator does not support "
                    "migration");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(tpm_emu->migration_blocker, &err) < 0) {
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker, &err) < 0) {
             error_report_err(err);
-            error_free(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
-            tpm_emu->migration_blocker = NULL;
-
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -1016,10 +1013,7 @@ static void tpm_emulator_inst_finalize(Object *obj)
 
     qapi_free_TPMEmulatorOptions(tpm_emu->options);
 
-    if (tpm_emu->migration_blocker) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
-    }
+    migrate_del_blocker(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
 
     tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->volatil);
     tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->permanent);
diff --git a/block/parallels.c b/block/parallels.c
index d026ce9..691298c 100644
--- a/block/parallels.c
+++ b/block/parallels.c
@@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ static int parallels_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The Parallels format used by node '%s' "
                "does not support live migration",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
         error_setg(errp, "Migration blocker error");
         goto fail;
@@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ static int parallels_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
         ret = bdrv_check(bs, &res, BDRV_FIX_ERRORS | BDRV_FIX_LEAKS);
         if (ret < 0) {
             error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not repair corrupted image");
-            migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
+            migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
             goto fail;
         }
     }
@@ -1420,7 +1420,6 @@ fail:
      */
     parallels_free_used_bitmap(bs);
 
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
     g_free(s->bat_dirty_bmap);
     qemu_vfree(s->header);
     return ret;
@@ -1445,8 +1444,7 @@ static void parallels_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     g_free(s->bat_dirty_bmap);
     qemu_vfree(s->header);
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static bool parallels_is_support_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs)
diff --git a/block/qcow.c b/block/qcow.c
index d56d24a..0b34878 100644
--- a/block/qcow.c
+++ b/block/qcow.c
@@ -304,9 +304,8 @@ static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The qcow format used by node '%s' "
                "does not support live migration",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -799,8 +798,7 @@ static void qcow_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     g_free(s->cluster_cache);
     g_free(s->cluster_data);
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_UNLOCKED
diff --git a/block/vdi.c b/block/vdi.c
index 934e1b8..a68b2fd 100644
--- a/block/vdi.c
+++ b/block/vdi.c
@@ -495,9 +495,8 @@ static int vdi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vdi format used by node '%s' "
                "does not support live migration",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
         goto fail_free_bmap;
     }
 
@@ -985,8 +984,7 @@ static void vdi_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
 
     qemu_vfree(s->bmap);
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static int vdi_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
diff --git a/block/vhdx.c b/block/vhdx.c
index a67edcc..556ceae 100644
--- a/block/vhdx.c
+++ b/block/vhdx.c
@@ -985,8 +985,7 @@ static void vhdx_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     s->bat = NULL;
     qemu_vfree(s->parent_entries);
     s->parent_entries = NULL;
-    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
     qemu_vfree(s->log.hdr);
     s->log.hdr = NULL;
     vhdx_region_unregister_all(s);
@@ -1093,9 +1092,8 @@ static int vhdx_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vhdx format used by node '%s' "
                "does not support live migration",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
         goto fail;
     }
 
diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
index e90649c..059958f 100644
--- a/block/vmdk.c
+++ b/block/vmdk.c
@@ -1373,9 +1373,8 @@ static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vmdk format used by node '%s' "
                "does not support live migration",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -2854,8 +2853,7 @@ static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     vmdk_free_extents(bs);
     g_free(s->create_type);
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static int64_t coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
diff --git a/block/vpc.c b/block/vpc.c
index ceb87dd..fbd94fc 100644
--- a/block/vpc.c
+++ b/block/vpc.c
@@ -449,9 +449,8 @@ static int vpc_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vpc format used by node '%s' "
                "does not support live migration",
                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -1187,8 +1186,7 @@ static void vpc_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     g_free(s->pageentry_u8);
 #endif
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static QemuOptsList vpc_create_opts = {
diff --git a/block/vvfat.c b/block/vvfat.c
index 856b479..99a1c82 100644
--- a/block/vvfat.c
+++ b/block/vvfat.c
@@ -1266,9 +1266,8 @@ static int vvfat_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
                    "The vvfat (rw) format used by node '%s' "
                    "does not support live migration",
                    bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
-        ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
+        ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
         if (ret < 0) {
-            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
             goto fail;
         }
     }
@@ -3237,8 +3236,7 @@ static void vvfat_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
     g_free(s->cluster_buffer);
 
     if (s->qcow) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+        migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/dump/dump.c b/dump/dump.c
index d3578dd..d355ada 100644
--- a/dump/dump.c
+++ b/dump/dump.c
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static int dump_cleanup(DumpState *s)
             qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
         }
     }
-    migrate_del_blocker(dump_migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&dump_migration_blocker);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2158,7 +2158,7 @@ void qmp_dump_guest_memory(bool paging, const char *file,
      * Allows even for -only-migratable, but forbid migration during the
      * process of dump guest memory.
      */
-    if (migrate_add_blocker_internal(dump_migration_blocker, errp)) {
+    if (migrate_add_blocker_internal(&dump_migration_blocker, errp)) {
         /* Remember to release the fd before passing it over to dump state */
         close(fd);
         return;
diff --git a/hw/9pfs/9p.c b/hw/9pfs/9p.c
index 323f042..af636cf 100644
--- a/hw/9pfs/9p.c
+++ b/hw/9pfs/9p.c
@@ -406,11 +406,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn put_fid(V9fsPDU *pdu, V9fsFidState *fidp)
              * delete the migration blocker. Ideally, this
              * should be hooked to transport close notification
              */
-            if (pdu->s->migration_blocker) {
-                migrate_del_blocker(pdu->s->migration_blocker);
-                error_free(pdu->s->migration_blocker);
-                pdu->s->migration_blocker = NULL;
-            }
+            migrate_del_blocker(&pdu->s->migration_blocker);
         }
         return free_fid(pdu, fidp);
     }
@@ -1505,10 +1501,8 @@ static void coroutine_fn v9fs_attach(void *opaque)
         error_setg(&s->migration_blocker,
                    "Migration is disabled when VirtFS export path '%s' is mounted in the guest using mount_tag '%s'",
                    s->ctx.fs_root ? s->ctx.fs_root : "NULL", s->tag);
-        err = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, NULL);
+        err = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, NULL);
         if (err < 0) {
-            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
-            s->migration_blocker = NULL;
             clunk_fid(s, fid);
             goto out;
         }
diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c
index ca1fb7b..8eb4fbb 100644
--- a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c
+++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c
@@ -184,8 +184,7 @@ virtio_gpu_base_device_realize(DeviceState *qdev,
 
     if (virtio_gpu_virgl_enabled(g->conf)) {
         error_setg(&g->migration_blocker, "virgl is not yet migratable");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(g->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
-            error_free(g->migration_blocker);
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&g->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -249,10 +248,7 @@ virtio_gpu_base_device_unrealize(DeviceState *qdev)
 {
     VirtIOGPUBase *g = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(qdev);
 
-    if (g->migration_blocker) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(g->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(g->migration_blocker);
-    }
+    migrate_del_blocker(&g->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c b/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c
index 1d58894..e0d9e51 100644
--- a/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c
+++ b/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c
@@ -516,8 +516,7 @@ static void kvm_arm_gic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     if (!kvm_arm_gic_can_save_restore(s)) {
         error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "This operating system kernel does "
                                           "not support vGICv2 migration");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
-            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
             return;
         }
     }
diff --git a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c
index 7eda9fb..61c1cc7 100644
--- a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c
+++ b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c
@@ -114,8 +114,7 @@ static void kvm_arm_its_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         GITS_CTLR)) {
         error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "This operating system kernel "
                    "does not support vITS migration");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
-            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
             return;
         }
     } else {
diff --git a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c
index 72ad916..77eb37e 100644
--- a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c
+++ b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c
@@ -878,8 +878,7 @@ static void kvm_arm_gicv3_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
                                GICD_CTLR)) {
         error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "This operating system kernel does "
                                           "not support vGICv3 migration");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
-            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
             return;
         }
     }
diff --git a/hw/misc/ivshmem.c b/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
index d66d912..0447888 100644
--- a/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
+++ b/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
@@ -903,8 +903,7 @@ static void ivshmem_common_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     if (!ivshmem_is_master(s)) {
         error_setg(&s->migration_blocker,
                    "Migration is disabled when using feature 'peer mode' in device 'ivshmem'");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
-            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -922,10 +921,7 @@ static void ivshmem_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
     IVShmemState *s = IVSHMEM_COMMON(dev);
     int i;
 
-    if (s->migration_blocker) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
-    }
+    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
 
     if (memory_region_is_mapped(s->ivshmem_bar2)) {
         if (!s->hostmem) {
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pef.c b/hw/ppc/pef.c
index cc44d5e..d28ed3b 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pef.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pef.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static int kvmppc_svm_init(ConfidentialGuestSupport *cgs, Error **errp)
     /* add migration blocker */
     error_setg(&pef_mig_blocker, "PEF: Migration is not implemented");
     /* NB: This can fail if --only-migratable is used */
-    migrate_add_blocker(pef_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
+    migrate_add_blocker(&pef_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
 
     cgs->ready = true;
 
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr.c b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
index cb84067..b25093b 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
@@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ static void spapr_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
     /* Signal all vCPUs waiting on this condition */
     qemu_cond_broadcast(&spapr->fwnmi_machine_check_interlock_cond);
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static void spapr_create_nvram(SpaprMachineState *spapr)
@@ -2937,13 +2937,6 @@ static void spapr_machine_init(MachineState *machine)
         spapr_create_lmb_dr_connectors(spapr);
     }
 
-    if (spapr_get_cap(spapr, SPAPR_CAP_FWNMI) == SPAPR_CAP_ON) {
-        /* Create the error string for live migration blocker */
-        error_setg(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker,
-            "A machine check is being handled during migration. The handler"
-            "may run and log hardware error on the destination");
-    }
-
     if (mc->nvdimm_supported) {
         spapr_create_nvdimm_dr_connectors(spapr);
     }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c
index 4508e40..deb4641 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c
@@ -920,7 +920,11 @@ void spapr_mce_req_event(PowerPCCPU *cpu, bool recovered)
      * fails when running with -only-migrate.  A proper interface to
      * delay migration completion for a bit could avoid that.
      */
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker, NULL);
+    error_setg(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker,
+        "A machine check is being handled during migration. The handler"
+        "may run and log hardware error on the destination");
+
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker, NULL);
     if (ret == -EBUSY) {
         warn_report("Received a fwnmi while migration was in progress");
     }
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
index 7df2158..26c384b 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ static void rtas_ibm_nmi_interlock(PowerPCCPU *cpu,
     spapr->fwnmi_machine_check_interlock = -1;
     qemu_cond_signal(&spapr->fwnmi_machine_check_interlock_cond);
     rtas_st(rets, 0, RTAS_OUT_SUCCESS);
-    migrate_del_blocker(spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static struct rtas_call {
diff --git a/hw/remote/proxy.c b/hw/remote/proxy.c
index 2052d72..fbc85a8 100644
--- a/hw/remote/proxy.c
+++ b/hw/remote/proxy.c
@@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ static void pci_proxy_dev_realize(PCIDevice *device, Error **errp)
 
     error_setg(&dev->migration_blocker, "%s does not support migration",
                TYPE_PCI_PROXY_DEV);
-    if (migrate_add_blocker(dev->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
-        error_free(dev->migration_blocker);
+    if (migrate_add_blocker(&dev->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
         object_unref(dev->ioc);
         return;
     }
@@ -134,9 +133,7 @@ static void pci_proxy_dev_exit(PCIDevice *pdev)
         qio_channel_close(dev->ioc, NULL);
     }
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(dev->migration_blocker);
-
-    error_free(dev->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&dev->migration_blocker);
 
     proxy_memory_listener_deconfigure(&dev->proxy_listener);
 
diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
index 2d75f21..07a5157 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
@@ -332,8 +332,7 @@ static void s390_machine_unprotect(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
         s390_pv_vm_disable();
     }
     ms->pv = false;
-    migrate_del_blocker(pv_mig_blocker);
-    error_free_or_abort(&pv_mig_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&pv_mig_blocker);
     ram_block_discard_disable(false);
 }
 
@@ -356,11 +355,10 @@ static int s390_machine_protect(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
 
     error_setg(&pv_mig_blocker,
                "protected VMs are currently not migratable.");
-    rc = migrate_add_blocker(pv_mig_blocker, &local_err);
+    rc = migrate_add_blocker(&pv_mig_blocker, &local_err);
     if (rc) {
         ram_block_discard_disable(false);
         error_report_err(local_err);
-        error_free_or_abort(&pv_mig_blocker);
         return rc;
     }
 
@@ -368,8 +366,7 @@ static int s390_machine_protect(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
     rc = s390_pv_vm_enable();
     if (rc) {
         ram_block_discard_disable(false);
-        migrate_del_blocker(pv_mig_blocker);
-        error_free_or_abort(&pv_mig_blocker);
+        migrate_del_blocker(&pv_mig_blocker);
         return rc;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c b/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
index 443f67d..14e23cc 100644
--- a/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
+++ b/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static void vhost_scsi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
                 "When external environment supports it (Orchestrator migrates "
                 "target SCSI device state or use shared storage over network), "
                 "set 'migratable' property to true to enable migration.");
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(vsc->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&vsc->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
             goto free_virtio;
         }
     }
@@ -241,10 +241,9 @@ static void vhost_scsi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
  free_vqs:
     g_free(vqs);
     if (!vsc->migratable) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(vsc->migration_blocker);
+        migrate_del_blocker(&vsc->migration_blocker);
     }
  free_virtio:
-    error_free(vsc->migration_blocker);
     virtio_scsi_common_unrealize(dev);
  close_fd:
     if (vhostfd >= 0) {
@@ -260,8 +259,7 @@ static void vhost_scsi_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
     struct vhost_virtqueue *vqs = vsc->dev.vqs;
 
     if (!vsc->migratable) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(vsc->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(vsc->migration_blocker);
+        migrate_del_blocker(&vsc->migration_blocker);
     }
 
     /* This will stop vhost backend. */
diff --git a/hw/vfio/common.c b/hw/vfio/common.c
index 1346492..a697f66 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/common.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/common.c
@@ -412,11 +412,7 @@ int vfio_block_multiple_devices_migration(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error **errp)
     error_setg(&multiple_devices_migration_blocker,
                "Multiple VFIO devices migration is supported only if all of "
                "them support P2P migration");
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(multiple_devices_migration_blocker, errp);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
-        multiple_devices_migration_blocker = NULL;
-    }
+    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&multiple_devices_migration_blocker, errp);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -428,9 +424,7 @@ void vfio_unblock_multiple_devices_migration(void)
         return;
     }
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
-    error_free(multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
-    multiple_devices_migration_blocker = NULL;
+    migrate_del_blocker(&multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
 }
 
 bool vfio_viommu_preset(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
diff --git a/hw/vfio/migration.c b/hw/vfio/migration.c
index da43dcd..0aaad65 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/migration.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/migration.c
@@ -891,8 +891,6 @@ static void vfio_migration_deinit(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
 
 static int vfio_block_migration(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error *err, Error **errp)
 {
-    int ret;
-
     if (vbasedev->enable_migration == ON_OFF_AUTO_ON) {
         error_propagate(errp, err);
         return -EINVAL;
@@ -901,13 +899,7 @@ static int vfio_block_migration(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error *err, Error **errp)
     vbasedev->migration_blocker = error_copy(err);
     error_free(err);
 
-    ret = migrate_add_blocker(vbasedev->migration_blocker, errp);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        error_free(vbasedev->migration_blocker);
-        vbasedev->migration_blocker = NULL;
-    }
-
-    return ret;
+    return migrate_add_blocker(&vbasedev->migration_blocker, errp);
 }
 
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@@ -994,9 +986,5 @@ void vfio_migration_exit(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
         vfio_migration_deinit(vbasedev);
     }
 
-    if (vbasedev->migration_blocker) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(vbasedev->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(vbasedev->migration_blocker);
-        vbasedev->migration_blocker = NULL;
-    }
+    migrate_del_blocker(&vbasedev->migration_blocker);
 }
diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost.c b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
index 9cfac40..4d09793 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/vhost.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
@@ -1478,9 +1478,8 @@ int vhost_dev_init(struct vhost_dev *hdev, void *opaque,
     }
 
     if (hdev->migration_blocker != NULL) {
-        r = migrate_add_blocker(hdev->migration_blocker, errp);
+        r = migrate_add_blocker(&hdev->migration_blocker, errp);
         if (r < 0) {
-            error_free(hdev->migration_blocker);
             goto fail_busyloop;
         }
     }
@@ -1530,10 +1529,7 @@ void vhost_dev_cleanup(struct vhost_dev *hdev)
         memory_listener_unregister(&hdev->memory_listener);
         QLIST_REMOVE(hdev, entry);
     }
-    if (hdev->migration_blocker) {
-        migrate_del_blocker(hdev->migration_blocker);
-        error_free(hdev->migration_blocker);
-    }
+    migrate_del_blocker(&hdev->migration_blocker);
     g_free(hdev->mem);
     g_free(hdev->mem_sections);
     if (hdev->vhost_ops) {
diff --git a/include/migration/blocker.h b/include/migration/blocker.h
index 9cebe2b..b048f30 100644
--- a/include/migration/blocker.h
+++ b/include/migration/blocker.h
@@ -17,19 +17,23 @@
 /**
  * @migrate_add_blocker - prevent migration from proceeding
  *
- * @reason - an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
+ * @reasonp - address of an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
  *
  * @errp - [out] The reason (if any) we cannot block migration right now.
  *
  * @returns - 0 on success, -EBUSY/-EACCES on failure, with errp set.
+ *
+ * *@reasonp is freed and set to NULL if failure is returned.
+ * On success, the caller must not free @reasonp, except by
+ *   calling migrate_del_blocker.
  */
-int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp);
+int migrate_add_blocker(Error **reasonp, Error **errp);
 
 /**
  * @migrate_add_blocker_internal - prevent migration from proceeding without
  *                                 only-migrate implications
  *
- * @reason - an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
+ * @reasonp - address of an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
  *
  * @errp - [out] The reason (if any) we cannot block migration right now.
  *
@@ -38,14 +42,20 @@ int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp);
  * Some of the migration blockers can be temporary (e.g., for a few seconds),
  * so it shouldn't need to conflict with "-only-migratable".  For those cases,
  * we can call this function rather than @migrate_add_blocker().
+ *
+ * *@reasonp is freed and set to NULL if failure is returned.
+ * On success, the caller must not free @reasonp, except by
+ *   calling migrate_del_blocker.
  */
-int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error *reason, Error **errp);
+int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error **reasonp, Error **errp);
 
 /**
- * @migrate_del_blocker - remove a blocking error from migration
+ * @migrate_del_blocker - remove a blocking error from migration and free it.
  *
- * @reason - the error blocking migration
+ * @reasonp - address of the error blocking migration
+ *
+ * This function frees *@reasonp and sets it to NULL.
  */
-void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason);
+void migrate_del_blocker(Error **reasonp);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/migration/migration.c b/migration/migration.c
index 1c6c81a..65f9791 100644
--- a/migration/migration.c
+++ b/migration/migration.c
@@ -1462,35 +1462,41 @@ int migrate_init(MigrationState *s, Error **errp)
     return 0;
 }
 
-int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error *reason, Error **errp)
+int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error **reasonp, Error **errp)
 {
     /* Snapshots are similar to migrations, so check RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM too. */
     if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM) || !migration_is_idle()) {
-        error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(reason),
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, *reasonp,
                                 "disallowing migration blocker "
                                 "(migration/snapshot in progress) for: ");
+        *reasonp = NULL;
         return -EBUSY;
     }
 
-    migration_blockers = g_slist_prepend(migration_blockers, reason);
+    migration_blockers = g_slist_prepend(migration_blockers, *reasonp);
     return 0;
 }
 
-int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp)
+int migrate_add_blocker(Error **reasonp, Error **errp)
 {
     if (only_migratable) {
-        error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(reason),
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, *reasonp,
                                 "disallowing migration blocker "
                                 "(--only-migratable) for: ");
+        *reasonp = NULL;
         return -EACCES;
     }
 
-    return migrate_add_blocker_internal(reason, errp);
+    return migrate_add_blocker_internal(reasonp, errp);
 }
 
-void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason)
+void migrate_del_blocker(Error **reasonp)
 {
-    migration_blockers = g_slist_remove(migration_blockers, reason);
+    if (*reasonp) {
+        migration_blockers = g_slist_remove(migration_blockers, *reasonp);
+        error_free(*reasonp);
+        *reasonp = NULL;
+    }
 }
 
 void qmp_migrate_incoming(const char *uri, Error **errp)
diff --git a/stubs/migr-blocker.c b/stubs/migr-blocker.c
index 5676a2f..17a5dbf 100644
--- a/stubs/migr-blocker.c
+++ b/stubs/migr-blocker.c
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "migration/blocker.h"
 
-int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp)
+int migrate_add_blocker(Error **reasonp, Error **errp)
 {
     return 0;
 }
 
-void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason)
+void migrate_del_blocker(Error **reasonp)
 {
 }
diff --git a/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c b/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c
index f6c7f7e..83b0c0d 100644
--- a/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c
+++ b/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c
@@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ static int hyperv_init_vcpu(X86CPU *cpu)
         error_setg(&hv_passthrough_mig_blocker,
                    "'hv-passthrough' CPU flag prevents migration, use explicit"
                    " set of hv-* flags instead");
-        ret = migrate_add_blocker(hv_passthrough_mig_blocker, &local_err);
+        ret = migrate_add_blocker(&hv_passthrough_mig_blocker, &local_err);
         if (ret < 0) {
             error_report_err(local_err);
             return ret;
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ static int hyperv_init_vcpu(X86CPU *cpu)
                    " use explicit 'hv-no-nonarch-coresharing=on' instead (but"
                    " make sure SMT is disabled and/or that vCPUs are properly"
                    " pinned)");
-        ret = migrate_add_blocker(hv_no_nonarch_cs_mig_blocker, &local_err);
+        ret = migrate_add_blocker(&hv_no_nonarch_cs_mig_blocker, &local_err);
         if (ret < 0) {
             error_report_err(local_err);
             return ret;
@@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
             error_setg(&invtsc_mig_blocker,
                        "State blocked by non-migratable CPU device"
                        " (invtsc flag)");
-            r = migrate_add_blocker(invtsc_mig_blocker, &local_err);
+            r = migrate_add_blocker(&invtsc_mig_blocker, &local_err);
             if (r < 0) {
                 error_report_err(local_err);
                 return r;
@@ -2269,7 +2269,7 @@ int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
     return 0;
 
  fail:
-    migrate_del_blocker(invtsc_mig_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&invtsc_mig_blocker);
 
     return r;
 }
diff --git a/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c b/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
index fb76986..7d752bc 100644
--- a/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
+++ b/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
@@ -929,9 +929,8 @@ nvmm_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
         error_setg(&nvmm_migration_blocker,
             "NVMM: Migration not supported");
 
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(nvmm_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&nvmm_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
             error_report_err(local_error);
-            error_free(nvmm_migration_blocker);
             return -EINVAL;
         }
     }
diff --git a/target/i386/sev.c b/target/i386/sev.c
index fe2144c..9a71246 100644
--- a/target/i386/sev.c
+++ b/target/i386/sev.c
@@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ sev_launch_finish(SevGuestState *sev)
     /* add migration blocker */
     error_setg(&sev_mig_blocker,
                "SEV: Migration is not implemented");
-    migrate_add_blocker(sev_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
+    migrate_add_blocker(&sev_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c b/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
index df3aba2..d29ba91 100644
--- a/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
+++ b/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
@@ -2160,9 +2160,8 @@ int whpx_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
                "State blocked due to non-migratable CPUID feature support,"
                "dirty memory tracking support, and XSAVE/XRSTOR support");
 
-        if (migrate_add_blocker(whpx_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
+        if (migrate_add_blocker(&whpx_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
             error_report_err(local_error);
-            error_free(whpx_migration_blocker);
             ret = -EINVAL;
             goto error;
         }
diff --git a/ui/vdagent.c b/ui/vdagent.c
index 00d36a8..d8f2f95 100644
--- a/ui/vdagent.c
+++ b/ui/vdagent.c
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ static void vdagent_chr_open(Chardev *chr,
     return;
 #endif
 
-    if (migrate_add_blocker(vd->migration_blocker, errp) != 0) {
+    if (migrate_add_blocker(&vd->migration_blocker, errp) != 0) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -924,13 +924,12 @@ static void vdagent_chr_fini(Object *obj)
 {
     VDAgentChardev *vd = QEMU_VDAGENT_CHARDEV(obj);
 
-    migrate_del_blocker(vd->migration_blocker);
+    migrate_del_blocker(&vd->migration_blocker);
     vdagent_disconnect(vd);
     if (vd->mouse_hs) {
         qemu_input_handler_unregister(vd->mouse_hs);
     }
     buffer_free(&vd->outbuf);
-    error_free(vd->migration_blocker);
 }
 
 static const TypeInfo vdagent_chr_type_info = {
-- 
1.8.3.1
Re: [PATCH V5] migration: simplify blockers
Posted by Juan Quintela 6 months, 2 weeks ago
Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com> wrote:
> Modify migrate_add_blocker and migrate_del_blocker to take an Error **
> reason.  This allows migration to own the Error object, so that if
> an error occurs in migrate_add_blocker, migration code can free the Error
> and clear the client handle, simplifying client code.  It also simplifies
> the migrate_del_blocker call site.
>
> In addition, this is a pre-requisite for a proposed future patch that would
> add a mode argument to migration requests to support live update, and
> maintain a list of blockers for each mode.  A blocker may apply to a single
> mode or to multiple modes, and passing Error** will allow one Error object
> to be registered for multiple modes.
>
> No functional change.
>
> Signed-off-by: Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
> Tested-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
> Reviewed-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
> Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>

Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>

Something weird happened with your rebase:

(next *|AM 1/1)$ find . -name "*rej"
./block/vpc.c.rej
./block/qcow.c.rej
./block/parallels.c.rej
./block/vdi.c.rej
(next *|AM 1/1)$ 

trivial to fix, so I did it.

queued.
Re: [PATCH V5] migration: simplify blockers
Posted by Steven Sistare 6 months, 2 weeks ago
On 10/18/2023 9:53 AM, Juan Quintela wrote:
> Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com> wrote:
>> Modify migrate_add_blocker and migrate_del_blocker to take an Error **
>> reason.  This allows migration to own the Error object, so that if
>> an error occurs in migrate_add_blocker, migration code can free the Error
>> and clear the client handle, simplifying client code.  It also simplifies
>> the migrate_del_blocker call site.
>>
>> In addition, this is a pre-requisite for a proposed future patch that would
>> add a mode argument to migration requests to support live update, and
>> maintain a list of blockers for each mode.  A blocker may apply to a single
>> mode or to multiple modes, and passing Error** will allow one Error object
>> to be registered for multiple modes.
>>
>> No functional change.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
>> Tested-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
>> Reviewed-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
>> Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
> 
> Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
> 
> Something weird happened with your rebase:
> 
> (next *|AM 1/1)$ find . -name "*rej"
> ./block/vpc.c.rej
> ./block/qcow.c.rej
> ./block/parallels.c.rej
> ./block/vdi.c.rej
> (next *|AM 1/1)$ 
> 
> trivial to fix, so I did it.
> 
> queued.

That's strange, thanks for the fixup!

- Steve
Re: [PATCH V5] migration: simplify blockers
Posted by Steven Sistare 6 months, 2 weeks ago
On 10/18/2023 9:59 AM, Steven Sistare wrote:
> On 10/18/2023 9:53 AM, Juan Quintela wrote:
>> Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com> wrote:
>>> Modify migrate_add_blocker and migrate_del_blocker to take an Error **
>>> reason.  This allows migration to own the Error object, so that if
>>> an error occurs in migrate_add_blocker, migration code can free the Error
>>> and clear the client handle, simplifying client code.  It also simplifies
>>> the migrate_del_blocker call site.
>>>
>>> In addition, this is a pre-requisite for a proposed future patch that would
>>> add a mode argument to migration requests to support live update, and
>>> maintain a list of blockers for each mode.  A blocker may apply to a single
>>> mode or to multiple modes, and passing Error** will allow one Error object
>>> to be registered for multiple modes.
>>>
>>> No functional change.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
>>> Tested-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
>>> Reviewed-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
>>> Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
>>
>> Reviewed-by: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
>>
>> Something weird happened with your rebase:
>>
>> (next *|AM 1/1)$ find . -name "*rej"
>> ./block/vpc.c.rej
>> ./block/qcow.c.rej
>> ./block/parallels.c.rej
>> ./block/vdi.c.rej
>> (next *|AM 1/1)$ 
>>
>> trivial to fix, so I did it.
>>
>> queued.
> 
> That's strange, thanks for the fixup!

My mistake, I had rebased to a master that was a few days old, sorry.

I just verified that my other patch, "simplify notifiers", applies cleanly
to the latest master.

- Steve
Re: [PATCH V5] migration: simplify blockers
Posted by Steven Sistare 6 months, 2 weeks ago
I rebased the V4 patch and added the new maintainers and reviewers.
Peter has already reviewed it.

- Steve

On 10/18/2023 9:03 AM, Steve Sistare wrote:
> Modify migrate_add_blocker and migrate_del_blocker to take an Error **
> reason.  This allows migration to own the Error object, so that if
> an error occurs in migrate_add_blocker, migration code can free the Error
> and clear the client handle, simplifying client code.  It also simplifies
> the migrate_del_blocker call site.
> 
> In addition, this is a pre-requisite for a proposed future patch that would
> add a mode argument to migration requests to support live update, and
> maintain a list of blockers for each mode.  A blocker may apply to a single
> mode or to multiple modes, and passing Error** will allow one Error object
> to be registered for multiple modes.
> 
> No functional change.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
> Tested-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
> Reviewed-by: Michael Galaxy <mgalaxy@akamai.com>
> Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
> ---
>  backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c  | 10 ++--------
>  block/parallels.c            |  8 +++-----
>  block/qcow.c                 |  6 ++----
>  block/vdi.c                  |  6 ++----
>  block/vhdx.c                 |  6 ++----
>  block/vmdk.c                 |  6 ++----
>  block/vpc.c                  |  6 ++----
>  block/vvfat.c                |  6 ++----
>  dump/dump.c                  |  4 ++--
>  hw/9pfs/9p.c                 | 10 ++--------
>  hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c |  8 ++------
>  hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c        |  3 +--
>  hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c  |  3 +--
>  hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c      |  3 +--
>  hw/misc/ivshmem.c            |  8 ++------
>  hw/ppc/pef.c                 |  2 +-
>  hw/ppc/spapr.c               |  9 +--------
>  hw/ppc/spapr_events.c        |  6 +++++-
>  hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c          |  2 +-
>  hw/remote/proxy.c            |  7 ++-----
>  hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c   |  9 +++------
>  hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c         |  8 +++-----
>  hw/vfio/common.c             | 10 ++--------
>  hw/vfio/migration.c          | 16 ++--------------
>  hw/virtio/vhost.c            |  8 ++------
>  include/migration/blocker.h  | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
>  migration/migration.c        | 22 ++++++++++++++--------
>  stubs/migr-blocker.c         |  4 ++--
>  target/i386/kvm/kvm.c        |  8 ++++----
>  target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c  |  3 +--
>  target/i386/sev.c            |  2 +-
>  target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c  |  3 +--
>  ui/vdagent.c                 |  5 ++---
>  33 files changed, 92 insertions(+), 149 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c b/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
> index 402a2d6..bf1a90f 100644
> --- a/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
> +++ b/backends/tpm/tpm_emulator.c
> @@ -534,11 +534,8 @@ static int tpm_emulator_block_migration(TPMEmulator *tpm_emu)
>          error_setg(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker,
>                     "Migration disabled: TPM emulator does not support "
>                     "migration");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(tpm_emu->migration_blocker, &err) < 0) {
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker, &err) < 0) {
>              error_report_err(err);
> -            error_free(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
> -            tpm_emu->migration_blocker = NULL;
> -
>              return -1;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -1016,10 +1013,7 @@ static void tpm_emulator_inst_finalize(Object *obj)
>  
>      qapi_free_TPMEmulatorOptions(tpm_emu->options);
>  
> -    if (tpm_emu->migration_blocker) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
> -    }
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&tpm_emu->migration_blocker);
>  
>      tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->volatil);
>      tpm_sized_buffer_reset(&state_blobs->permanent);
> diff --git a/block/parallels.c b/block/parallels.c
> index d026ce9..691298c 100644
> --- a/block/parallels.c
> +++ b/block/parallels.c
> @@ -1366,7 +1366,7 @@ static int parallels_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>      error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The Parallels format used by node '%s' "
>                 "does not support live migration",
>                 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>      if (ret < 0) {
>          error_setg(errp, "Migration blocker error");
>          goto fail;
> @@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ static int parallels_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>          ret = bdrv_check(bs, &res, BDRV_FIX_ERRORS | BDRV_FIX_LEAKS);
>          if (ret < 0) {
>              error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not repair corrupted image");
> -            migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> +            migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>              goto fail;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -1420,7 +1420,6 @@ fail:
>       */
>      parallels_free_used_bitmap(bs);
>  
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>      g_free(s->bat_dirty_bmap);
>      qemu_vfree(s->header);
>      return ret;
> @@ -1445,8 +1444,7 @@ static void parallels_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>      g_free(s->bat_dirty_bmap);
>      qemu_vfree(s->header);
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static bool parallels_is_support_dirty_bitmaps(BlockDriverState *bs)
> diff --git a/block/qcow.c b/block/qcow.c
> index d56d24a..0b34878 100644
> --- a/block/qcow.c
> +++ b/block/qcow.c
> @@ -304,9 +304,8 @@ static int qcow_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>      error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The qcow format used by node '%s' "
>                 "does not support live migration",
>                 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>      if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>          goto fail;
>      }
>  
> @@ -799,8 +798,7 @@ static void qcow_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>      g_free(s->cluster_cache);
>      g_free(s->cluster_data);
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static int coroutine_fn GRAPH_UNLOCKED
> diff --git a/block/vdi.c b/block/vdi.c
> index 934e1b8..a68b2fd 100644
> --- a/block/vdi.c
> +++ b/block/vdi.c
> @@ -495,9 +495,8 @@ static int vdi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>      error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vdi format used by node '%s' "
>                 "does not support live migration",
>                 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>      if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>          goto fail_free_bmap;
>      }
>  
> @@ -985,8 +984,7 @@ static void vdi_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>  
>      qemu_vfree(s->bmap);
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static int vdi_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs)
> diff --git a/block/vhdx.c b/block/vhdx.c
> index a67edcc..556ceae 100644
> --- a/block/vhdx.c
> +++ b/block/vhdx.c
> @@ -985,8 +985,7 @@ static void vhdx_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>      s->bat = NULL;
>      qemu_vfree(s->parent_entries);
>      s->parent_entries = NULL;
> -    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>      qemu_vfree(s->log.hdr);
>      s->log.hdr = NULL;
>      vhdx_region_unregister_all(s);
> @@ -1093,9 +1092,8 @@ static int vhdx_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>      error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vhdx format used by node '%s' "
>                 "does not support live migration",
>                 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>      if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>          goto fail;
>      }
>  
> diff --git a/block/vmdk.c b/block/vmdk.c
> index e90649c..059958f 100644
> --- a/block/vmdk.c
> +++ b/block/vmdk.c
> @@ -1373,9 +1373,8 @@ static int vmdk_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>      error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vmdk format used by node '%s' "
>                 "does not support live migration",
>                 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>      if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>          goto fail;
>      }
>  
> @@ -2854,8 +2853,7 @@ static void vmdk_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>      vmdk_free_extents(bs);
>      g_free(s->create_type);
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static int64_t coroutine_fn GRAPH_RDLOCK
> diff --git a/block/vpc.c b/block/vpc.c
> index ceb87dd..fbd94fc 100644
> --- a/block/vpc.c
> +++ b/block/vpc.c
> @@ -449,9 +449,8 @@ static int vpc_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>      error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vpc format used by node '%s' "
>                 "does not support live migration",
>                 bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>      if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>          goto fail;
>      }
>  
> @@ -1187,8 +1186,7 @@ static void vpc_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>      g_free(s->pageentry_u8);
>  #endif
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static QemuOptsList vpc_create_opts = {
> diff --git a/block/vvfat.c b/block/vvfat.c
> index 856b479..99a1c82 100644
> --- a/block/vvfat.c
> +++ b/block/vvfat.c
> @@ -1266,9 +1266,8 @@ static int vvfat_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
>                     "The vvfat (rw) format used by node '%s' "
>                     "does not support live migration",
>                     bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
> -        ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp);
> +        ret = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp);
>          if (ret < 0) {
> -            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
>              goto fail;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -3237,8 +3236,7 @@ static void vvfat_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
>      g_free(s->cluster_buffer);
>  
>      if (s->qcow) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +        migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>      }
>  }
>  
> diff --git a/dump/dump.c b/dump/dump.c
> index d3578dd..d355ada 100644
> --- a/dump/dump.c
> +++ b/dump/dump.c
> @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static int dump_cleanup(DumpState *s)
>              qemu_mutex_unlock_iothread();
>          }
>      }
> -    migrate_del_blocker(dump_migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&dump_migration_blocker);
>  
>      return 0;
>  }
> @@ -2158,7 +2158,7 @@ void qmp_dump_guest_memory(bool paging, const char *file,
>       * Allows even for -only-migratable, but forbid migration during the
>       * process of dump guest memory.
>       */
> -    if (migrate_add_blocker_internal(dump_migration_blocker, errp)) {
> +    if (migrate_add_blocker_internal(&dump_migration_blocker, errp)) {
>          /* Remember to release the fd before passing it over to dump state */
>          close(fd);
>          return;
> diff --git a/hw/9pfs/9p.c b/hw/9pfs/9p.c
> index 323f042..af636cf 100644
> --- a/hw/9pfs/9p.c
> +++ b/hw/9pfs/9p.c
> @@ -406,11 +406,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn put_fid(V9fsPDU *pdu, V9fsFidState *fidp)
>               * delete the migration blocker. Ideally, this
>               * should be hooked to transport close notification
>               */
> -            if (pdu->s->migration_blocker) {
> -                migrate_del_blocker(pdu->s->migration_blocker);
> -                error_free(pdu->s->migration_blocker);
> -                pdu->s->migration_blocker = NULL;
> -            }
> +            migrate_del_blocker(&pdu->s->migration_blocker);
>          }
>          return free_fid(pdu, fidp);
>      }
> @@ -1505,10 +1501,8 @@ static void coroutine_fn v9fs_attach(void *opaque)
>          error_setg(&s->migration_blocker,
>                     "Migration is disabled when VirtFS export path '%s' is mounted in the guest using mount_tag '%s'",
>                     s->ctx.fs_root ? s->ctx.fs_root : "NULL", s->tag);
> -        err = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, NULL);
> +        err = migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, NULL);
>          if (err < 0) {
> -            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> -            s->migration_blocker = NULL;
>              clunk_fid(s, fid);
>              goto out;
>          }
> diff --git a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c
> index ca1fb7b..8eb4fbb 100644
> --- a/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c
> +++ b/hw/display/virtio-gpu-base.c
> @@ -184,8 +184,7 @@ virtio_gpu_base_device_realize(DeviceState *qdev,
>  
>      if (virtio_gpu_virgl_enabled(g->conf)) {
>          error_setg(&g->migration_blocker, "virgl is not yet migratable");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(g->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> -            error_free(g->migration_blocker);
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&g->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>              return false;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -249,10 +248,7 @@ virtio_gpu_base_device_unrealize(DeviceState *qdev)
>  {
>      VirtIOGPUBase *g = VIRTIO_GPU_BASE(qdev);
>  
> -    if (g->migration_blocker) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(g->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(g->migration_blocker);
> -    }
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&g->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static void
> diff --git a/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c b/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c
> index 1d58894..e0d9e51 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/arm_gic_kvm.c
> @@ -516,8 +516,7 @@ static void kvm_arm_gic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>      if (!kvm_arm_gic_can_save_restore(s)) {
>          error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "This operating system kernel does "
>                                            "not support vGICv2 migration");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> -            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>              return;
>          }
>      }
> diff --git a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c
> index 7eda9fb..61c1cc7 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_its_kvm.c
> @@ -114,8 +114,7 @@ static void kvm_arm_its_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>          GITS_CTLR)) {
>          error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "This operating system kernel "
>                     "does not support vITS migration");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> -            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>              return;
>          }
>      } else {
> diff --git a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c
> index 72ad916..77eb37e 100644
> --- a/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c
> +++ b/hw/intc/arm_gicv3_kvm.c
> @@ -878,8 +878,7 @@ static void kvm_arm_gicv3_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>                                 GICD_CTLR)) {
>          error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "This operating system kernel does "
>                                            "not support vGICv3 migration");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> -            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>              return;
>          }
>      }
> diff --git a/hw/misc/ivshmem.c b/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
> index d66d912..0447888 100644
> --- a/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
> +++ b/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
> @@ -903,8 +903,7 @@ static void ivshmem_common_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
>      if (!ivshmem_is_master(s)) {
>          error_setg(&s->migration_blocker,
>                     "Migration is disabled when using feature 'peer mode' in device 'ivshmem'");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> -            error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&s->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>              return;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -922,10 +921,7 @@ static void ivshmem_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
>      IVShmemState *s = IVSHMEM_COMMON(dev);
>      int i;
>  
> -    if (s->migration_blocker) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(s->migration_blocker);
> -    }
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&s->migration_blocker);
>  
>      if (memory_region_is_mapped(s->ivshmem_bar2)) {
>          if (!s->hostmem) {
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/pef.c b/hw/ppc/pef.c
> index cc44d5e..d28ed3b 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/pef.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/pef.c
> @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static int kvmppc_svm_init(ConfidentialGuestSupport *cgs, Error **errp)
>      /* add migration blocker */
>      error_setg(&pef_mig_blocker, "PEF: Migration is not implemented");
>      /* NB: This can fail if --only-migratable is used */
> -    migrate_add_blocker(pef_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
> +    migrate_add_blocker(&pef_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
>  
>      cgs->ready = true;
>  
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr.c b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
> index cb84067..b25093b 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/spapr.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/spapr.c
> @@ -1761,7 +1761,7 @@ static void spapr_machine_reset(MachineState *machine, ShutdownCause reason)
>      /* Signal all vCPUs waiting on this condition */
>      qemu_cond_broadcast(&spapr->fwnmi_machine_check_interlock_cond);
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static void spapr_create_nvram(SpaprMachineState *spapr)
> @@ -2937,13 +2937,6 @@ static void spapr_machine_init(MachineState *machine)
>          spapr_create_lmb_dr_connectors(spapr);
>      }
>  
> -    if (spapr_get_cap(spapr, SPAPR_CAP_FWNMI) == SPAPR_CAP_ON) {
> -        /* Create the error string for live migration blocker */
> -        error_setg(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker,
> -            "A machine check is being handled during migration. The handler"
> -            "may run and log hardware error on the destination");
> -    }
> -
>      if (mc->nvdimm_supported) {
>          spapr_create_nvdimm_dr_connectors(spapr);
>      }
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c
> index 4508e40..deb4641 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_events.c
> @@ -920,7 +920,11 @@ void spapr_mce_req_event(PowerPCCPU *cpu, bool recovered)
>       * fails when running with -only-migrate.  A proper interface to
>       * delay migration completion for a bit could avoid that.
>       */
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker, NULL);
> +    error_setg(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker,
> +        "A machine check is being handled during migration. The handler"
> +        "may run and log hardware error on the destination");
> +
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker, NULL);
>      if (ret == -EBUSY) {
>          warn_report("Received a fwnmi while migration was in progress");
>      }
> diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
> index 7df2158..26c384b 100644
> --- a/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
> +++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_rtas.c
> @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ static void rtas_ibm_nmi_interlock(PowerPCCPU *cpu,
>      spapr->fwnmi_machine_check_interlock = -1;
>      qemu_cond_signal(&spapr->fwnmi_machine_check_interlock_cond);
>      rtas_st(rets, 0, RTAS_OUT_SUCCESS);
> -    migrate_del_blocker(spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&spapr->fwnmi_migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static struct rtas_call {
> diff --git a/hw/remote/proxy.c b/hw/remote/proxy.c
> index 2052d72..fbc85a8 100644
> --- a/hw/remote/proxy.c
> +++ b/hw/remote/proxy.c
> @@ -107,8 +107,7 @@ static void pci_proxy_dev_realize(PCIDevice *device, Error **errp)
>  
>      error_setg(&dev->migration_blocker, "%s does not support migration",
>                 TYPE_PCI_PROXY_DEV);
> -    if (migrate_add_blocker(dev->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> -        error_free(dev->migration_blocker);
> +    if (migrate_add_blocker(&dev->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>          object_unref(dev->ioc);
>          return;
>      }
> @@ -134,9 +133,7 @@ static void pci_proxy_dev_exit(PCIDevice *pdev)
>          qio_channel_close(dev->ioc, NULL);
>      }
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(dev->migration_blocker);
> -
> -    error_free(dev->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&dev->migration_blocker);
>  
>      proxy_memory_listener_deconfigure(&dev->proxy_listener);
>  
> diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
> index 2d75f21..07a5157 100644
> --- a/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
> +++ b/hw/s390x/s390-virtio-ccw.c
> @@ -332,8 +332,7 @@ static void s390_machine_unprotect(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
>          s390_pv_vm_disable();
>      }
>      ms->pv = false;
> -    migrate_del_blocker(pv_mig_blocker);
> -    error_free_or_abort(&pv_mig_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&pv_mig_blocker);
>      ram_block_discard_disable(false);
>  }
>  
> @@ -356,11 +355,10 @@ static int s390_machine_protect(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
>  
>      error_setg(&pv_mig_blocker,
>                 "protected VMs are currently not migratable.");
> -    rc = migrate_add_blocker(pv_mig_blocker, &local_err);
> +    rc = migrate_add_blocker(&pv_mig_blocker, &local_err);
>      if (rc) {
>          ram_block_discard_disable(false);
>          error_report_err(local_err);
> -        error_free_or_abort(&pv_mig_blocker);
>          return rc;
>      }
>  
> @@ -368,8 +366,7 @@ static int s390_machine_protect(S390CcwMachineState *ms)
>      rc = s390_pv_vm_enable();
>      if (rc) {
>          ram_block_discard_disable(false);
> -        migrate_del_blocker(pv_mig_blocker);
> -        error_free_or_abort(&pv_mig_blocker);
> +        migrate_del_blocker(&pv_mig_blocker);
>          return rc;
>      }
>  
> diff --git a/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c b/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
> index 443f67d..14e23cc 100644
> --- a/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
> +++ b/hw/scsi/vhost-scsi.c
> @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static void vhost_scsi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>                  "When external environment supports it (Orchestrator migrates "
>                  "target SCSI device state or use shared storage over network), "
>                  "set 'migratable' property to true to enable migration.");
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(vsc->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&vsc->migration_blocker, errp) < 0) {
>              goto free_virtio;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -241,10 +241,9 @@ static void vhost_scsi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
>   free_vqs:
>      g_free(vqs);
>      if (!vsc->migratable) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(vsc->migration_blocker);
> +        migrate_del_blocker(&vsc->migration_blocker);
>      }
>   free_virtio:
> -    error_free(vsc->migration_blocker);
>      virtio_scsi_common_unrealize(dev);
>   close_fd:
>      if (vhostfd >= 0) {
> @@ -260,8 +259,7 @@ static void vhost_scsi_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
>      struct vhost_virtqueue *vqs = vsc->dev.vqs;
>  
>      if (!vsc->migratable) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(vsc->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(vsc->migration_blocker);
> +        migrate_del_blocker(&vsc->migration_blocker);
>      }
>  
>      /* This will stop vhost backend. */
> diff --git a/hw/vfio/common.c b/hw/vfio/common.c
> index 1346492..a697f66 100644
> --- a/hw/vfio/common.c
> +++ b/hw/vfio/common.c
> @@ -412,11 +412,7 @@ int vfio_block_multiple_devices_migration(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error **errp)
>      error_setg(&multiple_devices_migration_blocker,
>                 "Multiple VFIO devices migration is supported only if all of "
>                 "them support P2P migration");
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(multiple_devices_migration_blocker, errp);
> -    if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
> -        multiple_devices_migration_blocker = NULL;
> -    }
> +    ret = migrate_add_blocker(&multiple_devices_migration_blocker, errp);
>  
>      return ret;
>  }
> @@ -428,9 +424,7 @@ void vfio_unblock_multiple_devices_migration(void)
>          return;
>      }
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
> -    error_free(multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
> -    multiple_devices_migration_blocker = NULL;
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&multiple_devices_migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  bool vfio_viommu_preset(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
> diff --git a/hw/vfio/migration.c b/hw/vfio/migration.c
> index da43dcd..0aaad65 100644
> --- a/hw/vfio/migration.c
> +++ b/hw/vfio/migration.c
> @@ -891,8 +891,6 @@ static void vfio_migration_deinit(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
>  
>  static int vfio_block_migration(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error *err, Error **errp)
>  {
> -    int ret;
> -
>      if (vbasedev->enable_migration == ON_OFF_AUTO_ON) {
>          error_propagate(errp, err);
>          return -EINVAL;
> @@ -901,13 +899,7 @@ static int vfio_block_migration(VFIODevice *vbasedev, Error *err, Error **errp)
>      vbasedev->migration_blocker = error_copy(err);
>      error_free(err);
>  
> -    ret = migrate_add_blocker(vbasedev->migration_blocker, errp);
> -    if (ret < 0) {
> -        error_free(vbasedev->migration_blocker);
> -        vbasedev->migration_blocker = NULL;
> -    }
> -
> -    return ret;
> +    return migrate_add_blocker(&vbasedev->migration_blocker, errp);
>  }
>  
>  /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
> @@ -994,9 +986,5 @@ void vfio_migration_exit(VFIODevice *vbasedev)
>          vfio_migration_deinit(vbasedev);
>      }
>  
> -    if (vbasedev->migration_blocker) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(vbasedev->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(vbasedev->migration_blocker);
> -        vbasedev->migration_blocker = NULL;
> -    }
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&vbasedev->migration_blocker);
>  }
> diff --git a/hw/virtio/vhost.c b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
> index 9cfac40..4d09793 100644
> --- a/hw/virtio/vhost.c
> +++ b/hw/virtio/vhost.c
> @@ -1478,9 +1478,8 @@ int vhost_dev_init(struct vhost_dev *hdev, void *opaque,
>      }
>  
>      if (hdev->migration_blocker != NULL) {
> -        r = migrate_add_blocker(hdev->migration_blocker, errp);
> +        r = migrate_add_blocker(&hdev->migration_blocker, errp);
>          if (r < 0) {
> -            error_free(hdev->migration_blocker);
>              goto fail_busyloop;
>          }
>      }
> @@ -1530,10 +1529,7 @@ void vhost_dev_cleanup(struct vhost_dev *hdev)
>          memory_listener_unregister(&hdev->memory_listener);
>          QLIST_REMOVE(hdev, entry);
>      }
> -    if (hdev->migration_blocker) {
> -        migrate_del_blocker(hdev->migration_blocker);
> -        error_free(hdev->migration_blocker);
> -    }
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&hdev->migration_blocker);
>      g_free(hdev->mem);
>      g_free(hdev->mem_sections);
>      if (hdev->vhost_ops) {
> diff --git a/include/migration/blocker.h b/include/migration/blocker.h
> index 9cebe2b..b048f30 100644
> --- a/include/migration/blocker.h
> +++ b/include/migration/blocker.h
> @@ -17,19 +17,23 @@
>  /**
>   * @migrate_add_blocker - prevent migration from proceeding
>   *
> - * @reason - an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
> + * @reasonp - address of an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
>   *
>   * @errp - [out] The reason (if any) we cannot block migration right now.
>   *
>   * @returns - 0 on success, -EBUSY/-EACCES on failure, with errp set.
> + *
> + * *@reasonp is freed and set to NULL if failure is returned.
> + * On success, the caller must not free @reasonp, except by
> + *   calling migrate_del_blocker.
>   */
> -int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp);
> +int migrate_add_blocker(Error **reasonp, Error **errp);
>  
>  /**
>   * @migrate_add_blocker_internal - prevent migration from proceeding without
>   *                                 only-migrate implications
>   *
> - * @reason - an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
> + * @reasonp - address of an error to be returned whenever migration is attempted
>   *
>   * @errp - [out] The reason (if any) we cannot block migration right now.
>   *
> @@ -38,14 +42,20 @@ int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp);
>   * Some of the migration blockers can be temporary (e.g., for a few seconds),
>   * so it shouldn't need to conflict with "-only-migratable".  For those cases,
>   * we can call this function rather than @migrate_add_blocker().
> + *
> + * *@reasonp is freed and set to NULL if failure is returned.
> + * On success, the caller must not free @reasonp, except by
> + *   calling migrate_del_blocker.
>   */
> -int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error *reason, Error **errp);
> +int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error **reasonp, Error **errp);
>  
>  /**
> - * @migrate_del_blocker - remove a blocking error from migration
> + * @migrate_del_blocker - remove a blocking error from migration and free it.
>   *
> - * @reason - the error blocking migration
> + * @reasonp - address of the error blocking migration
> + *
> + * This function frees *@reasonp and sets it to NULL.
>   */
> -void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason);
> +void migrate_del_blocker(Error **reasonp);
>  
>  #endif
> diff --git a/migration/migration.c b/migration/migration.c
> index 1c6c81a..65f9791 100644
> --- a/migration/migration.c
> +++ b/migration/migration.c
> @@ -1462,35 +1462,41 @@ int migrate_init(MigrationState *s, Error **errp)
>      return 0;
>  }
>  
> -int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error *reason, Error **errp)
> +int migrate_add_blocker_internal(Error **reasonp, Error **errp)
>  {
>      /* Snapshots are similar to migrations, so check RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM too. */
>      if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM) || !migration_is_idle()) {
> -        error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(reason),
> +        error_propagate_prepend(errp, *reasonp,
>                                  "disallowing migration blocker "
>                                  "(migration/snapshot in progress) for: ");
> +        *reasonp = NULL;
>          return -EBUSY;
>      }
>  
> -    migration_blockers = g_slist_prepend(migration_blockers, reason);
> +    migration_blockers = g_slist_prepend(migration_blockers, *reasonp);
>      return 0;
>  }
>  
> -int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp)
> +int migrate_add_blocker(Error **reasonp, Error **errp)
>  {
>      if (only_migratable) {
> -        error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(reason),
> +        error_propagate_prepend(errp, *reasonp,
>                                  "disallowing migration blocker "
>                                  "(--only-migratable) for: ");
> +        *reasonp = NULL;
>          return -EACCES;
>      }
>  
> -    return migrate_add_blocker_internal(reason, errp);
> +    return migrate_add_blocker_internal(reasonp, errp);
>  }
>  
> -void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason)
> +void migrate_del_blocker(Error **reasonp)
>  {
> -    migration_blockers = g_slist_remove(migration_blockers, reason);
> +    if (*reasonp) {
> +        migration_blockers = g_slist_remove(migration_blockers, *reasonp);
> +        error_free(*reasonp);
> +        *reasonp = NULL;
> +    }
>  }
>  
>  void qmp_migrate_incoming(const char *uri, Error **errp)
> diff --git a/stubs/migr-blocker.c b/stubs/migr-blocker.c
> index 5676a2f..17a5dbf 100644
> --- a/stubs/migr-blocker.c
> +++ b/stubs/migr-blocker.c
> @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
>  #include "qemu/osdep.h"
>  #include "migration/blocker.h"
>  
> -int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp)
> +int migrate_add_blocker(Error **reasonp, Error **errp)
>  {
>      return 0;
>  }
>  
> -void migrate_del_blocker(Error *reason)
> +void migrate_del_blocker(Error **reasonp)
>  {
>  }
> diff --git a/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c b/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c
> index f6c7f7e..83b0c0d 100644
> --- a/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c
> +++ b/target/i386/kvm/kvm.c
> @@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ static int hyperv_init_vcpu(X86CPU *cpu)
>          error_setg(&hv_passthrough_mig_blocker,
>                     "'hv-passthrough' CPU flag prevents migration, use explicit"
>                     " set of hv-* flags instead");
> -        ret = migrate_add_blocker(hv_passthrough_mig_blocker, &local_err);
> +        ret = migrate_add_blocker(&hv_passthrough_mig_blocker, &local_err);
>          if (ret < 0) {
>              error_report_err(local_err);
>              return ret;
> @@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ static int hyperv_init_vcpu(X86CPU *cpu)
>                     " use explicit 'hv-no-nonarch-coresharing=on' instead (but"
>                     " make sure SMT is disabled and/or that vCPUs are properly"
>                     " pinned)");
> -        ret = migrate_add_blocker(hv_no_nonarch_cs_mig_blocker, &local_err);
> +        ret = migrate_add_blocker(&hv_no_nonarch_cs_mig_blocker, &local_err);
>          if (ret < 0) {
>              error_report_err(local_err);
>              return ret;
> @@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
>              error_setg(&invtsc_mig_blocker,
>                         "State blocked by non-migratable CPU device"
>                         " (invtsc flag)");
> -            r = migrate_add_blocker(invtsc_mig_blocker, &local_err);
> +            r = migrate_add_blocker(&invtsc_mig_blocker, &local_err);
>              if (r < 0) {
>                  error_report_err(local_err);
>                  return r;
> @@ -2269,7 +2269,7 @@ int kvm_arch_init_vcpu(CPUState *cs)
>      return 0;
>  
>   fail:
> -    migrate_del_blocker(invtsc_mig_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&invtsc_mig_blocker);
>  
>      return r;
>  }
> diff --git a/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c b/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
> index fb76986..7d752bc 100644
> --- a/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
> +++ b/target/i386/nvmm/nvmm-all.c
> @@ -929,9 +929,8 @@ nvmm_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
>          error_setg(&nvmm_migration_blocker,
>              "NVMM: Migration not supported");
>  
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(nvmm_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&nvmm_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
>              error_report_err(local_error);
> -            error_free(nvmm_migration_blocker);
>              return -EINVAL;
>          }
>      }
> diff --git a/target/i386/sev.c b/target/i386/sev.c
> index fe2144c..9a71246 100644
> --- a/target/i386/sev.c
> +++ b/target/i386/sev.c
> @@ -891,7 +891,7 @@ sev_launch_finish(SevGuestState *sev)
>      /* add migration blocker */
>      error_setg(&sev_mig_blocker,
>                 "SEV: Migration is not implemented");
> -    migrate_add_blocker(sev_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
> +    migrate_add_blocker(&sev_mig_blocker, &error_fatal);
>  }
>  
>  static void
> diff --git a/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c b/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
> index df3aba2..d29ba91 100644
> --- a/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
> +++ b/target/i386/whpx/whpx-all.c
> @@ -2160,9 +2160,8 @@ int whpx_init_vcpu(CPUState *cpu)
>                 "State blocked due to non-migratable CPUID feature support,"
>                 "dirty memory tracking support, and XSAVE/XRSTOR support");
>  
> -        if (migrate_add_blocker(whpx_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
> +        if (migrate_add_blocker(&whpx_migration_blocker, &local_error) < 0) {
>              error_report_err(local_error);
> -            error_free(whpx_migration_blocker);
>              ret = -EINVAL;
>              goto error;
>          }
> diff --git a/ui/vdagent.c b/ui/vdagent.c
> index 00d36a8..d8f2f95 100644
> --- a/ui/vdagent.c
> +++ b/ui/vdagent.c
> @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ static void vdagent_chr_open(Chardev *chr,
>      return;
>  #endif
>  
> -    if (migrate_add_blocker(vd->migration_blocker, errp) != 0) {
> +    if (migrate_add_blocker(&vd->migration_blocker, errp) != 0) {
>          return;
>      }
>  
> @@ -924,13 +924,12 @@ static void vdagent_chr_fini(Object *obj)
>  {
>      VDAgentChardev *vd = QEMU_VDAGENT_CHARDEV(obj);
>  
> -    migrate_del_blocker(vd->migration_blocker);
> +    migrate_del_blocker(&vd->migration_blocker);
>      vdagent_disconnect(vd);
>      if (vd->mouse_hs) {
>          qemu_input_handler_unregister(vd->mouse_hs);
>      }
>      buffer_free(&vd->outbuf);
> -    error_free(vd->migration_blocker);
>  }
>  
>  static const TypeInfo vdagent_chr_type_info = {